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Fig. 9 Restricted marine subtidal limestones. a-d in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania

Fig. 9 Restricted marine subtidal limestones. a-d Oncoidal-bioclastic packstone with cyanobacteria nodules.

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Fig. 17 Carbonate facies from the breccia levels. a-d in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania

Fig. 17 Carbonate facies from the breccia levels. a-d Peloidal-bioclastic packstone with cyanobacteria, ostracods and foraminifera (d); cavities are filled with vadose silt and gravitational terrigenous material. e-f Breccia with horizontal (e), circumgranular and vertical (f) cracks. Scale-bar = 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2014View details →

Text-fig. 3. Cave deposits exposed in Section No. 2 and recorded paleomagnetic polarities. 1 – reworked deposits; 2 – clayey silt, light brown with abundant black dots, structureless; 3 – clayey silt to silty clay, brown, chaotically deposited; 4 – clayey silt, light brown, structureless; 5 – clayey silt, light brown, laminated; 6 – clayey silt to silty clay, brown, structureless; 7 – clayey silt to silty clay, light brown, structureless; 8 – clayey silt, brown with abundant white carbonate clasts; 9 – clayey sandy silt, brown with abundant lighter clayey fragments; 10 – clayey sandy silt, brown with sporadic lighter clayey fragments. Geomagnetic polarity scale: black (N) – normal polarities, white (R) – reversed polarities, grey – intermediate or uninterpretable polarities. For more details see text. in New Updated Results Of Paleomagnetic Dating Of Cave Deposits Exposed In Za Hájovnou Cave, Javoříčko Karst

Text-fig. 3. Cave deposits exposed in Section No. 2 and recorded paleomagnetic polarities. 1 – reworked deposits; 2 – clayey silt, light brown with abundant black dots, structureless; 3 – clayey silt to silty clay, brown, chaotically deposited; 4 – clayey silt, light brown, structureless; 5 – clayey silt, light brown, laminated; 6 – clayey silt to silty clay, brown, structureless; 7 – clayey silt to silty clay, light brown, structureless; 8 – clayey silt, brown with abundant white carbonate clasts; 9 – clayey sandy silt, brown with abundant lighter clayey fragments; 10 – clayey sandy silt, brown with sporadic lighter clayey fragments. Geomagnetic polarity scale: black (N) – normal polarities, white (R) – reversed polarities, grey – intermediate or uninterpretable polarities. For more details see text.

Fig. 11 in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 11. Lower Devonian sparry−sandy, locally ferruginous microfacies of the topmost Ivanye Horizon (B; sample O7) and basal Ustechko Member (A; sample O1), Ivanye Zolote locality (see Fig. 3). Note scattered inter−laminated pelitic−sandy intraclasts (A), and a single recrystalized pelecypod valves (arrowed) in the faintly laminated packed ostracod microcoquina (B1; rectangular magnified in B2).

Fig. 1. A in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 1. A. Location of study area in Ukraine. B. Detailed map of study area in Podolia, showing locations of outcrop sections. Numbers of sections after Nikiforova et al. (1972).

Fig. 7. Phytoplankton from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 7. Phytoplankton from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Multiplicisphaeridium cf. M. raspa (Cramer) Wicander, 1986; IZ−4 sample. B. Multiplicisphaeridium cf. M. raspa (Cramer) Wicander, 1986; IZ−4 sample. C. Veryhachium trispinosum (Eisenack) Deunff, 1954; IZ−4 sample. D. Riculasphaera fissa Loeblich and Drugg, 1968; IZ−5 sample. E. Helosphaeridium cf. guttatum Playford, 1981; IZ−4 sample. F. Helosphaeridium microclavatum Playford, 1981; IZ−1 sample. G. Elektoriskos sp.; IZ−4 sample. H. Dictyotidium eurydictyotum Kirjanov, 1978; IZ−8 sample. I. Baltisphaeridium scabrosum Kirjanov, 1978; IZ−8 sample. J. Ammonidium cf. A. garrasinoi Ottone, 1996; IZ−1 sample. K. Tyligmasoma alargadum (Cramer) Ą

Fig. 10 in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 10. Lower Devonian bivalve−ostracod bioclastic limestone microfacies of the uppermost Ivanye Horizon, Ivanye Zolote locality (see Fig. 3 for the sample location; compare coeval microfacies details from Ustechko in Uchman et al. 2004: fig. 4). Variable but mostly micrite−dominated peloidal−sandy matrix, and variously packed (stacking in some places) skeletal concentrations of originally aragonitic bivalve valves (as moulds) and largely disarticulated calcitic ostracod shells are most numerous. Note a distinctive graded bedding (normal in the lower part and reversed in the upper half) and plane lamination (A, sample I3; close−ups of coquina partings in A2–A4), frequent shelter cavities and geopetal infillings (within gastropod shell, B; sample K15), as well as iron oxide impregnation of the shelly material (largely ostracods) and ferruginized pressure−solution seam (B), and dolomitized internal sediment (dl in D; sample I2). Associated skeletal components include diverse ichthyoliths (Ic, arrowed in C; sample I0), locally abundant small−sized and smooth articulate brachiopods (Br, arrowed in A, note different preservation of brachiopod and bivalve shells in A4) and orthocone nautiloids (Or, note a broken wall chamber, arrowed in D), as well as chaetetid demosponge colonies (cf. Gritsenko et al. 1999; Ch in B2 and C2, rfc, radial−fibrous cement), "vermiform" microconchids (Mi in A3), phosphatic lingulid shells (Li in A2), and conical ribbed tentaculitids (Te in C2).

Fig. 5. Chitinozoans from the Ivanye Zolote section, GIUS 4−3592. A, B in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 5. Chitinozoans from the Ivanye Zolote section, GIUS 4−3592. A, B. Calpichitina sp. cf. C. velata (Wrona, 1980); IZ−1 sample. C. Angochitina filosa Eisenack, 1955; IZ−4 sample. D. Sphaerochitina sp. aff. S. densibaculata Volkheimer, Melendi, and Salas, 1986; IZ−4 sample.

Fig. 9 in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 9. Animal cuticles, spines and respiratory organs from the Ivanye Zolote section; GIUS 4−3592. A. Stiff conical structure of uncertain affinity; IZ−1 sample. B–D. Eurypterid respiratory organs. B. IZ−7 sample. C. IZ−4 sample. D. IZ−5 sample. E. Setae of uncertain affinity detached from cuticle surface; IZ−7 sample. F, H. Cuticles with meandering structures of possible eurypterid affinity; IZ−5 sample. G. Folded cuticle fragment with wrinkles of uncertain affinity; IZ−5 sample. I. Structure similar to scorpion claw; IZ−4 sample. J. Eurypterid cuticle fragment with crescent−shaped lunules; IZ−5 sample. K. Eurypterid cuticle fragment with raised, elliptical openings; IZ−4 sample.

Fig. 2. A in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 2. A. Stratigraphical subdivision of the Lower Devonian in Podolia, Ukraine (Drygant 2010). B. Correlation of miospore and conodont zonal schemes (see the updated biostratigraphy in Becker et al. 2012). Dashed area on B presents palynostratigraphy; dotted lines—approximate correlation. Abbreviations: BZ, Breconisporites breconenesis–Emphanisporites zavallatus; E, Dictyotriletes emsiensis; G, Emphanisporites zavallatus var. gedinniensis; M, Emphanisporites micrornatus var. micrornatus; MN, Emphanisporites micrornatus–Streelispora newportensis; N, Streelispora newportensis; Pa, Camarozonotriletes parvus; Po, Verrucosisporites polygonalis; PoW, Verrucosisporites polygonalis–Dibolisporites wetteldorfensis; R, Chelinospora retorrida; Si, Emphanisporites micrornatus var. sinuosus; Su, Dictyotriletes subgranifer; W, Dibolispories wetteldorfensis; Z, Emphanisporites zavallatus; Lin., Lineage; Z., Zone.

Fig. 4. Miospores from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 4. Miospores from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Gneudnaspora divellomedia (Chibrikova) Balme, 1988; IZ−1 sample. B. Gneudnaspora plicata (Burgess and Richardson) Breuerr, Al−Ghazi, Al−Ruwaili, Higgs, Steemans, and Wellman, 2007; IZ−4 sample. C. Gneudnaspora plicata (Burgess and Richardson) BreuerAl−Ghazi, Al−Ruwaili, Higgs, Steemans, and Wellman, 2007; IZ−2 sample. D. Chelinohilates glabrimarginatus (Turnau and Jakubowska) Turnau, 2003; IZ−7 sample. E. Tetrahedraletes medinensis (Strother and Traverse) Wellman and Richardson,1993; IZ−4 sample. F. Chelinospora retorrida Turnau, 1986; IZ−1 sample. G. Leonispora argovejae Cramer and Diez, 1975; IZ−1 sample. H. Unidentified; IZ−8 sample. I. Archaeozonotriletes chulus (Cramer) Richardson and Lister, 1969; IZ−1 sample. J. Quadrisporites sp.; IZ−1 sample. K. Emphanisporites cf. rotatus (McGregor) McGregor, 1973; IZ−4 sample. L. Emphanisporites var. micrornatus Steemans and Gerrienne, 1984; IZ−1 sample. M. Retusotriletes triangulatus (Streel) Streel, 1967; IZ−1 sample. N. Calamospora atava McGregor, 1973; IZ−1 sample. O. Apiculiretusispora plicata Allen, 1965; IZ−6 sample. P. Apiculiretusispora spicula Richardson and Lister, 1969; IZ−4 sample. Q. Amicosporites jonkeri (Riegel) Steemans, 1989; IZ−1 sample. R. Camptozonotriletes sp.; IZ−4 sample. S. Diad; IZ−4 sample. T. Emphanisporites epicautus Richardson and Lister, 1969; IZ−4 sample.

Fig. 8. Plant cuticles and tracheids from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Cosmochlaina verrucosa Edwards, 1986 in Palynology and microfacies of Lower Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits in Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 8. Plant cuticles and tracheids from the Ivanye Zolote section. GIUS 4−3592. A. Cosmochlaina verrucosa Edwards, 1986; IZ−7 sample. B. Nematothallus sp.; IZ−7 sample. C. Nematothallus sp.; IZ−1 sample. D–G. Nematothallus? like structures. D, E. IZ−6 sample. F, G. IZ−1 sample. H–I. Porcatitubulus annulatus Burges and Edwards, 1991. H. IZ−5 sample. I. IZ−4 sample. J. Laevitubulus sp.; IZ−1 sample. K. Porcatitubulus annulatus Burges and Edwards, 1991; IZ−5 sample.

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zenodo36/100

Thermal spike during simulated deposition of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films

These videos show the thermal spike arising from a 100 eV C atom impinging on a growing tetrahedral amorphous carbon film, as simulated with a GAP potential [1,2,3] following the deposition protocol and methodology outlined by Caro et al. [4,5]. The molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were carried out with QUIP's GAP implementation [6] using LAMMPS [7,8] as MD engine. The atomic visualization was carried out with VMD [9,10]. The final videos were composed using, in addition, the following software: gnuplot [11], Inkscape [12] and FFmpeg [13]. References <ol> <li>A.P. Bartók, M.C. Payne, R. Kondor, and G. Csányi. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 136403 (2010).</li> <li>A.P. Bartók, R. Kondor, and G. Csányi. Phys. Rev. B 87, 184115 (2013).</li> <li>V.L. Deringer and G. Csányi. Phys. Rev. B 95, 094203 (2017).</li> <li>M.A. Caro, V.L. Deringer, J. Koskinen, T. Laurila, and G Csányi. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 166101 (2018).</li> <li>M.A. Caro, G Csányi, T. Laurila, and V.L. Deringer. Phys. Rev. B 102, 174201 (2020).</li> <li>http://libatoms.github.io</li> <li>https://lammps.sandia.gov</li> <li>S. Plimpton. J. Comp. Phys., 117, 1 (1995).</li> <li>https://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd</li> <li>W. Humphrey, A. Dalke, and K. Schulten. J. Molec. Graphics 14, 33 (1996).</li> <li>http://www.gnuplot.info</li> <li>https://inkscape.org</li> <li>https://ffmpeg.org</li> </ol>

zenodo36/100

Heating curves of catalytic probe with cobalt tip and varying thicknesses of carbon nanowall deposition in oxygen plasma

Heating curves measured while exposing catalytic probe to oxygen plasma. The tip of the probe was a cobalt disk, which was thoroughly oxidized before use. Varying deposition times of carbon nanowalls were used to achieve different thicknesses of the carbon nanowall layer, which altered the heating curve.

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dryad36/100

Nitrogen deposition weakens soil carbon control of nitrogen dynamics across the contiguous United States

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Central Arizona - Phoenix Urban LTER site, station Lost Dutchman State Park Depostion Site, study of dissolved organic carbon in wet deposition in units of kilogramsPerHectare on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Central Arizona - Phoenix Urban LTER (CAP) contains dissolved organic carbon in wet deposition measurements in kilogramsPerHectare units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Root Carbon and Nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences

The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.

Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences

Litter carbon and nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession

The purpose of this experiment is to measure how initially disturbing an area and adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. This experiment is conducted within fields (A, B, and C) which were initially low in soil nutrients. The ground was disturbed by thoroughly disking the area prior to establishment of the experiment. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. There are six replicates of each treatment per field. The treatments were randomly assigned to plots of size 4 by 4 meters. The plots are in 6 plot by 9 plot grids with 1 meter aisles between plots. The plot grids are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. In the spring of 1992, subexperiments E097 and E098 were established. E097 is in fields A and C where randomly selected plots within each treatment no longer receive fertilizer. E098 is in field B where randomly selected plots within each treatment are burned. Note that the design of E002 is similar to E001 except E002 was thoroughly disked prior to establishment.

Root Carbon and Nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession