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42 results for “carbon dioxide fluxes”
Dataset for: The influence of mixing on seasonal carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in ponds
Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Ponds have amongst the highest CO2 and CH4 fluxes of all aquatic ecosystems, yet seasonal variation in fluxes remain poorly characterized, creating challenges for accurately estimating annual emissions. Further, ponds can exhibit a range of mixing regimes, yet the impact of mixing regimes on gas emissions remains unclear. Here, we assessed annual dynamics of CO2 and CH4 in four temperate ponds (Minnesota, USA) that varied in mixing regimes. This dataset includes high frequency temperature data for each pond to asses mixing, and CO2 and CH4 emissions and concentrations taken by-weekly from 2021-2022.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane on snow removal plots
Soil atmosphere fluxes of the trace gases; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) including 1) the “freeze” study reference plots that provide contrast between stands dominated (80%) by sugar maple versus yellow birch and low and high elevation areas, 2) the Bear Brook Watershed where trace gas sampling is coordinated with long-term monitoring of microbial biomass and activity and 3) watershed 1 where trace gas sampling locations were co-located with long-term microbial biomass and activity monitoring sites that are located near a subset of the lysimeter sites established for the calcium addition study on this watershed. This dataset contains the Freeze study data. Watershed 1 and Bear Brook trace gas data can be found in: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=116. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data have been published in: Groffman, P. M., Hardy, J. P., Driscoll, C. T., & Fahey, T. J. (2006). Snow depth, soil freezing, and fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 12, 1748–1760.
Data from: Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from different surface types in a created urban wetland
<p><span>Many wetlands have been drained due to urbanization, agriculture, forestry or other purposes, which has resulted in losing their ecosystem services. To protect receiving waters and to achieve services such as flood control and stormwater quality mitigation, new wetlands are created in urbanized areas. However, our knowledge of greenhouse gas exchange in newly created wetlands in urban areas is currently limited. In this paper we present measurements carried out at a created urban wetland in boreal climate.</span></p> <p><span>We conducted measurements of ecosystem CO<sub>2 </sub>flux (NEE) and CH<sub>4</sub> flux (F<sub>CH4</sub>) at the constructed stormwater wetland Gateway in Nummela, Vihti, Southern Finland using eddy covariance (EC) technique. The measurements were commenced the fourth year after construction and lasted for one full year and two subsequent growing seasons. Besides ecosystem scale fluxes measured by EC tower, the diffusive CO<sub>2 </sub>and<sub> </sub>CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes from the open-water area (F<sub>w</sub>_CO<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>w</sub>_CH<sub>4, </sub>respectively) were modelled based on measurements of CO<sub>2 </sub>and<sub> </sub>CH<sub>4 </sub>concentration in the water. Fluxes from vegetated area were estimated by applying a simple mixing model using above-mentioned fluxes and footprint-weighted fractional area. The half-hourly footprint-weighted contribution of diffusive fluxes from open water ranged from 0 to 25.5 % in year 2013.</span></p> <p><span>The annual NEE of the studied wetland was 8.0 g C-CO<sub>2 </sub>m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1 </sup>with the 95 % confidence interval between<sup> </sup>-18.9 and 34.9 g C-CO<sub>2 </sub>m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1 </sup>and F<sub>CH4 </sub>was 3.9 g C-CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> with the 95 % confidence interval between 3.75 and 4.07 g C-CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. The ecosystem sequestered CO<sub>2 </sub>during summer months (June-August), while the rest of the year it was a CO<sub>2</sub> source. CH<sub>4</sub> displayed strong seasonal dynamics, higher in summer and lower in winter, with a sporadic emission episode in the end of May 2013. Both CH<sub>4 </sub>and CO<sub>2 </sub>fluxes<sub>, </sub>especially those obtained from vegetated area, exhibited strong diurnal<sub> </sub>cycle during summer with synchronized peaks around noon. The annual F<sub>w</sub>_CO<sub>2 </sub>was 297.5 g C-CO<sub>2 </sub>m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1 </sup>and F<sub>w</sub>_CH<sub>4 </sub>was 1.73 g C-CH<sub>4 </sub>m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. The peak diffusive CH<sub>4</sub> flux was 137.6 nmol C-CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, which was<sup> </sup>synchronized with the F<sub>CH4</sub>.</span></p> <p><span>Overall, during the monitored time period, the established stormwater wetland had a climate warming effect with 0.263 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1 </sup>of<sup> </sup>which 89 % was contributed by CH<sub>4</sub>. The radiative forcing of the open-water exceeded the vegetation area (1.194 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> and<sup> </sup>0.111 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, respectively), which implies that, when considering solely the climate impact of a created wetland over a 100-year horizon, it would be more beneficial to design and establish wetlands with large patches of emergent vegetation, and to limit the areas of open-water to the minimum necessitated by other desired ecosystem services.</span></p>
Dataset Mayen et al_Temporal variations of water carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes in a temperate salt marsh and influence of aquatic metabolism
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Graminoids vary in functional traits, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a restored peatland: implications for modeling carbon storage
<p>1. One metric of peatland restoration success is the re-establishment of a carbon sink, yet considerable uncertainty remains around the timescale of carbon sink trajectories. Conditions post-restoration may promote the establishment of vascular plants such as graminoids, often at greater density than would be found in undisturbed peatlands, with consequences for carbon storage. Although graminoid species are often considered as a single plant functional type (PFT) in land-atmosphere models, our understanding of functional variation among graminoid species is limited, particularly in a restoration context.</p> <p>2. We used a traits-based approach to evaluate graminoid functional variation and to assess whether different graminoid species should be considered a single PFT or multiple types. We tested hypotheses that greenhouse gas fluxes (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>) would vary due to differences in plant traits among five graminoid species in a restored peatland in central Alberta, Canada. We further hypothesized that species would form two functionally distinct groupings based on taxonomy (grass, sedge).</p> <p>3. Differences in gas fluxes among species were primarily driven by variation in leaf physiology related to photosynthetic efficiency and resource-use, and secondarily by plant size. Multivariate analyses did not reveal distinct functional groupings based on taxonomy or environmental preferences. Rather, we identified functional groups defined by plant traits and carbon fluxes that are consistent with ecological strategies related to differences in growth rate, resource-acquisition, and leaf economics, representing plants with either a strategy to grow quickly and invest in resource capture or to prioritize structural investment and resource conservation. These functional groups displayed larger average carbon fluxes compared to graminoid PFTs currently used in modeling.</p> <p>4. Existing PFT designations in peatland models may be more appropriate for pristine or high-latitude systems than those under restoration. Although replacing PFTs with plant traits remains a challenge in peatlands, traits related to leaf physiology and growth rate strategies offer a promising avenue for future applications.</p>
Seasonal carbon dioxide concentrations and fluxes throughout Denmark's stream network
<h2>About</h2> <p>Repository containing code and data for the study:</p> <p><strong>Title</strong> Seasonal carbon dioxide concentrations and fluxes throughout Denmark’s stream network</p> <p><strong>Authors</strong> Kenneth Thorø Martinsen<sup>1</sup>, Kaj Sand-Jensen<sup>1*</sup>, Victor Bergmann<sup>1</sup>, Tobias Skjærlund<sup>1</sup>, Johan Emil Kjær<sup>1</sup>, Julian Koch<sup>2</sup></p> <p><strong>Affiliations</strong> <sup>1</sup>Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark <sup>2</sup>Department of Hydrology, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark</p> <p><strong>Corresponding author</strong> *Correspondence: <a href="mailto:ksandjensen@bio.ku.dk">ksandjensen@bio.ku.dk</a></p> <p><strong>GitHub repository</strong> <a href="https://github.com/KennethTM/denmark_stream_co2">https://github.com/KennethTM/denmark_stream_co2</a></p> <div> <h2>Contents</h2> <a href="https://github.com/KennethTM/denmark_stream_co2#contents"></a></div> <p>The repository contains R and Python scripts for the analysis and figures.</p> <p>The <code>data/insitu_flux</code> directory contains the <em>in-situ</em> CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements in Excel format.</p> <p>The <code>data/modeling</code> directory contains artifacts from modeling.</p> <p>The <code>data/products</code> directory contains products resulting from the analysis (predicted CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and estimated CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes throughout Denmark) in csv format.</p>
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Flux Meta Analysis, Schaerer et al: Permafrost microbes unleashed: thaw reactors provide timely insights into greenhouse gas feedbacks for climate stewardship
<p>Meta-analysis results and workflow: <strong>Meta-Analysis-Report-V1.pdf</strong> </p> <p>raw data tables for input into meta-analysis:</p> <p><strong>co2_flux_by_layer_temp.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>co2_flux_by_layer_time.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>ch4_flux_by_layer_temp.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>ch4_flux_by_layer_time.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>co2_flux_by_headspace_temp.csv</strong></p> <p>(Data included in these tables was digitized using the R package metaDigitize)</p> <p>****</p> <p>We also attempted to summarize the raw data from 12 studies which is summarized in the <strong><em>Flux_Summary_Report </em></strong>document. we converted all units into mg C / g Soil * d (calculations are included in the <strong><em>co2_meta_analysis</em></strong> spreadsheet). For studies not reporting raw data or data tables (7/12 studies), we estimated the values from the figures manually. This typically resulted in an estimate of the mean flux of several replicates (all studies had 3-10 replicates). We filled in metadata as well as we could based on the information available in the papers, although there were many gaps. This information is summarized in the <strong><em>flux_data_compilation</em> </strong>spreadsheet.</p> <p>Studies in the raw data comparison include: Mackelprang 2011, Waldrop 2010 & 2021, Barbato 2022, Dang 2022, Muller 2018, Monteaux 2020, Dutta 2006, Lee 2012, O'Donnell 2009, Roy Chowdhury 2014, Trubl 2021.</p>
Maps of predicted carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from waterbodies in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
<p>In the Arctic, waterbodies are abundant, and rapid thaw of permafrost is destabilizing the carbon cycle and changing hydrology. It is particularly important to quantify and accurately scale aquatic carbon emissions in arctic ecosystems. Recently available high-resolution remote sensing datasets capture the physical characteristics of arctic landscapes at unprecedented spatial resolution. We demonstrate how machine learning models can capitalize on these spatial datasets to greatly improve accuracy when scaling waterbody CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes across the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta of south-west AK. These datasets include carbon dioxide and methane dissolved concentrations and diffusive fluxes from a research watershed in the central YK Delta. </p>
Hourly methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate ponds
<p>This dataset consists of methane and carbon dioxide flux measurements from three forest and three open-land ponds in Denmark. Furthermore, oxygen, water temperature and weather data are also available.</p> <p>The data is part of the scientifical paper published in Springer Biogeochemistry </p> <p><em><strong>Hourly methane and carbon dioxide<sub> </sub>fluxes from temperate ponds</strong></em></p>
Graminoids vary in functional traits, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a restored peatland: implications for modeling carbon storage
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Data from: Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from different surface types in a created urban wetland
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Maps of predicted carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from waterbodies in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
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Average Annual Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) with Average Regional Surface Downward Mass Flux of Carbon Dioxide Expressed as Carbon (molC_m²_yr)
<p>The fluctuation in both atmospheric CO2 and regional surface downward mass flux of carbon dioxide expressed as carbon. The annual data for both variable is taken from average monthly measured data.</p>
Data from: Seasonal changes in plankton food web structure and carbon dioxide flux from Southern California reservoirs
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Meridional propagation of carbon dioxide (CO2) growth rate and flux anomalies from the tropics due to ENSO
<p>El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on carbon dioxide (CO2) growth rates are not spatially uniform or simultaneous around the globe. Using atmospheric CO2 observations and atmospheric chemistry-transport model (ACTM), we show that the anomalies in CO2 fluxes and growth rate originate in the tropics, as an effect of ENSO. The CO2 anomalies are then propagated from the equator toward the poles with asymmetric delays. A maximum delay of about 8 and 4 months are found at the northern hemisphere (NH) and southern hemisphere (SH) high latitudes, respectively. This asymmetric time delay is because the CO2 flux anomaly mainly originate in the tropical SH land and transport of SH air into the NH is slower than that for NH air into the SH. The poleward increase of time delay is more homogeneous in the upper troposphere, as per the ACTM simulations, but observational evidence suffers from gaps in <br> long-term measurements.</p>
Numerical Investigation of Observational Flux Partitioning Methods for Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide
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Data and code for "High-resolution spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes in the tundra"
<p><strong>Repository structure</strong></p> <p>The zipped folder includes the following subfolders:</p> <p><em>data</em></p> <p>In-situ measurement data from the plots. Remotely-sensed data could not be included in the repository due to their large size. </p> <p><em>src</em></p> <p>R codes to reproduce the data cleaning, prosessing, and statistical analysis steps.</p> <p><em>results</em></p> <p>Model parameters, performance statistics, model files, figures, edited tables together with some summary tables produces from upscaling results.</p> <p><em>raster data and upscaled results</em></p> <p>Averaged flux, soil moisture and temperature maps for the growing season (July 1-August 2nd, 8 am - 8 pm) as well as static maps produced in this study. All the upscaled results could not be included in the repository due to their large size. </p> <p>Note that the analysis to produce the vegetation classification map are described here: https://github.com/poniitty/kilpisjarvi_vegclass</p>
ISLSCP II Carbon Dioxide Flux at Harvard Forest and Northern BOREAS Sites
This International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II) data set, ISLSCP II Carbon Dioxide Flux at Harvard Forest and Northern BOREAS Sites, contains gapp-filled flux and meterological data for half-hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and annual time intervals presented for each site and year. The 1992-1995 Harvard Forest, MA site, and the 1994-95 Old Black Spruce, Alberta, Canada site are members of the FLUXNET global network of micrometeorological towers that use eddy covariance methods to measure the excahanges of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, and energy between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere. There are 6 *.zip files with this data set.
Net Carbon Dioxide and Water Fluxes of Global Terrestrial Ecosystems, 1969-1998
The variability of net surface carbon assimilation (Asmax), net ecosystem surface respiration (Rsmax), and net surface evapotranspiration (Etsmax) among and within vegetation types was examined based on a review of studies performed in either a micrometeorological setting or an enclosure setting. The majority of studies involved forests and C3 crops, particularly in the northern hemisphere; however, studies on tropical forests, C4 grasslands or wetlands were included. Data are presented for 133 published studies, although individual studies may not have measure all variables of interest.Despite large variations within a vegetation type, enclosure studies tended to give highest Asmax rates compared to micrometeorological techniques (Buchmann and Schulze 1999). Excluding enclosure studies, the investigators tested the effect of stand age and leaf area index (LAI) on net ecosystem gas exchange. The results from these analyses illustrate where gaps in scientific knowledge exist and how ecosystem properties affect the capacity of net ecosystem gas exchange.The information was collected from papers with publication dates from 1969-1998. Mean maximum flux rates for the period chosen by the authors were used instead of absolute maximum values for flux rates. Positive values stand for CO2 uptake by the vegetation and negative values represent CO2 release from the ecosystem. More information about the compilation can be found in Buchmann and Schultze (1999) or the individual studies cited in the data table.
Dataset: Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in an intermediate marsh in Barataria Bay, LA (v.0.10)
<p>Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes were measured in August 2019 in an Intermediate salinity marsh in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. The flux chamber method was used to measure methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) under light and dark conditions in an Intermediate salinity marsh in Barataria Bay, LA. Fluxes were measured in plots with the following treatments: Control and high nutrients. Treatments included: Control; Sediment deposition- 0 (control) and 5 cm (45 kg river silt); Nutrient- Low nutrients: 645.2 g of CaNO<sub>3</sub> and 11.11g of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> High nutrients: 6451.6 g of CaNO<sub>3</sub> and 111.1 g of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>; and Low nutrients + Sediment and High nutrients + Sediment Measurements included methane flux (calculated from concentration regressions over time), carbon dioxide flux (calculated from concentration regressions over time), air temperature inside and outside of chambers, PAR inside and outside of chambers, salinity and water table depth.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.