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68 results for “cave evolution”
Figure 4 in Evolution of cave living in Hawaiian Schrankia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with description of a remarkable new cave species
Figure 4. Schrankia altivolans, ♂, wing venation.
Astyanax cavefish body shape coordinates from: Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Fillipi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae)
<p>The <em>Astyanax mexicanus</em> complex includes two different morphs, a surface and a cave-adapted ecotype, found at three mountain ranges in Northeastern Mexico: Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala, and Sierra de la Colmena (Micos). Since their discovery, multiple studies have attempted to characterize the timing and the number of events that gave rise to the evolution of these cave-adapted ecotypes. Here, using RAD-seq and genome-wide sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure, and gene flow events between the cave and surface <em>Astyanax</em> <em>mexicanus</em> populations, to estimate the time and mode of evolution of the cave-adapted ecotypes. We also evaluated the body shape evolution across different cave lineages using geometric morphometrics to examine the role of phylogenetic signal vs. environmental pressures. We found strong evidence of parallel evolution of cave-adapted ecotypes derived from two separate lineages of surface fish and hypothesize that there may be up to four independent invasions of caves from surface fish. Moreover, a strong congruence between the genetic structure and geographic distribution was observed across the cave populations, with the Sierra de Guatemala the region exhibiting most genetic drift among the cave populations analyzed. Interestingly, we found no evidence of phylogenetic signal in body shape evolution, but we found support for parallel evolution in body shape across independent cave lineages, with cavefish from the Sierra de El Abra reflecting the most divergent morphology relative to surface and other cavefish populations.</p>
Astyanax cavefish body shape coordinates from: Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Fillipi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae)
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Data from: Potential rapid evolution of foot morphology in Italian plethodontid salamanders (Hydromantes strinatii) following the colonization of an artificial cave
How organisms respond to environmental change is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology. Species invading novel habitats provide an opportunity to examine contemporary evolution in action, and decipher the pace of evolutionary change over short time scales. Here we characterized phenotypic evolution in the Italian plethodontid salamander, Hydromantes strinatii following the recent colonization of an artificial cave by a forest floor population. When compared with a nearby and genetically related population in the natural forest floor and a nearby cave population, the artificial cave population displayed significant differences in overall foot shape, with more inter-digital webbing relative to the other populations. Further, this population evolved significantly larger feet, which corresponded more closely to those found in other cave populations than to forest floor populations to which the cave population is closely related. Finally, we quantified the rate of evolution for both foot shape and foot area, and found that both traits displayed large and significant evolutionary rates, at levels corresponding to other classic cases of rapid evolution in vertebrates. Together these findings reveal that the response to novel environmental pressures can be large and rapid, and that the anatomical shifts observed in the artificial cave population of H. strinatii may represent a case of rapid evolution in response to novel environmental pressures.
FIGS 4 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS 4±8. Paratemnopteryx kookabinnensi s sp. n., male: (4) pronotum; (5) right tegmen; (6) setal gland on ®rst abdominal tergum; (7) supraanal plate and paraprocts, ventral view; (8) subgenital plate, styles, and phallomeres, dorsal view. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGS 9 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS 9±13. Paratemnopteryx rosensis sp. n., male: (9) right tegmen; (10) right hind wing; (11) setal gland on seventh abdominal tergum; (12) supraanal plate and paraprocts, ventral view; (13) subgenital plate, styles, and phallomeres, dorsal view. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGS. 1 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS. 1±3. (1) Paratemnopteryx broomehillensis Roth, male, hind margin of supraanal plate with deep U-shaped indentation, dorsal view. (2) Pronotum widest near the middle e.g. Paratemnopteryx suOEuscula Roth, male, dorsal view. (3) Hind margin of supraanal plate rounded or convex e.g. Paratemnopteryx atra Princis, male, dorsal view. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
Figures 8 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figures 8. Distribution of cave-adapted diplurans: A, worldwide; B, Euro-Mediterranean region. In yellow: karst areas (source: Chen et al., 2017). In orange: deserts (source: Olson & Dinerstein, 2002). In blue: ice cover during the Last Glacial Maximum (source: Ehlers et al., 2011). In black: hypogenic karst areas (source: Klimchouk, 2007).
Figure 1 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees of Diplura. A, ML tree obtained from 18S rDNA data available in Genbank. B, ML tree obtained from COI data. Only bootstrap support values above 70 are shown.
Figure 7 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 7. Pretarsal adaptations in cave-adapted campodeid species: A, Lepidocampa beltrani from Caverna Batu, La Reúnion Island, France; B, Turkmenocampa mirabilis from Kaptarhana cave, Koytendog District, Lebap, Turkmenistan; C, Anisuracampa sp. from Win Twin Cave, Ywangan, Shan State, Myanmar; D, Patrizicampa sardoa from Grotta di Mesu'e Monte, Baunei, Sardinia, Italy.
Figure 3. Cave-adapted dipluran species described from 1871 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 3. Cave-adapted dipluran species described from 1871 to 2020; photographs of the authors arranged from right to left and from top to bottom: Alpheus Spring Packard, Armand Viré, Filippo Silvestri, Jean Robert Denis, Petr Wygodzinsky, Boris Pimenovitch Chevrizov, Bruno Condé, Jean Pagés and Mark Alan Muegge. Courtesy of Bernd Hauser, Sergei Golovatch and Ernest C. Bernard.
Figures 4 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figures 4. Two cave-adapted Diplura: A, Plusiocampa hoffmanni Sendra & Paragamian, 2020 from Spilaio Sfento Trypa Cave, Crete, Greece (author: Kaloust Paragamian); B, Gollumjapyx smeagol from Avenc d'En Serenge, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. Courtesy of José María Azkárraga.
Figure 6 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 6. Olfactory chemoreceptor of the last antennomere in soil-adapted species: A, Campodea (Paurocampa) suensoni Tuxen, 1930 from Dos Aguas, Valencia, Spain; and cave-adapted species: B, Cycladiacampa irakleiae Sendra, 2020 from Spilaio Ioanni Cave, Irakleia Island, Greece; C, Pacificampa daidarabotchi Sendra, 2018 from Mejito-do Cave, Kyushu Island, Japan; D, undescribed Plusiocampinae from Huitième Ciel Cave. Banqiao, Hubei, China; E, Turkmenocampa mirabilis Sendra & Stoev, 2017 from Kaptarhana Cave, Koytendog District, Lebap, Turkmenistan; F, Remycampa herbanica from Montaña Blanca Cave, Fuerteventura Island, Spain.
Figure 5 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 5. Bar chart showing the relative number of soil (orange) and cave-adapted (blue) dipluran species per family, subfamily and genus.
FIGURE 1. A in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the independent evolution of cave ecomorphology on opposite sides of the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 1. A. Distribution of the species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius group after Murdoch et al. (2019). B. Location of Cyrtodactylus disjunctus sp. nov. (star) at the type locality of Meung Satun, Satun Province, Thailand.
FIGURE 4. A in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the independent evolution of cave ecomorphology on opposite sides of the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 4. A MFA of the species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius group. B Percent contributions of each data type to the inertia of dimensions 1–4 of the MFA. Percentage values on the bar graphs are the amounts of inertia for the respective dimensions. The red line represents the value if all contributions were equal. C The percent contribution of each character to dimensions 1–3. The red line represents the value if all contributions were equal.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the independent evolution of cave ecomorphology on opposite sides of the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 9. Forest habitat at the type locality of Cyrotactylus disjunctus sp. nov. ISS 130 from Meung Satun, Satun Province, Thailand. Photograph by Parinya Pawangkhanan.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the independent evolution of cave ecomorphology on opposite sides of the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 3. PCAs and DAPCs, respectively of A and D meristic, B and D morphometric, and C and E meristic-morphometric datasets. F Statistically significant variation based the permutation and bootstrap analyses conducted in the PCAtest. F PC 1of the meristic data set. G PCs 1 and 2 of the morphometric dataset. H PCs 1 and 2 of the meristic-morphometric dataset.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the independent evolution of cave ecomorphology on opposite sides of the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 7. Holotype of Cyrtodactylus disjunctus sp. nov. ISS 130 ZMMU re-17674 from Meung Satun, Satun Province, Thailand. A Dorsal view of head. B right lateral view of head. C Gular region. D Ventral view of hand. E Ventral view of foot. F Ventral view of femora and precloacal region. G Subcaudal region. Photographs by Parinya Pawangkhanan.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the independent evolution of cave ecomorphology on opposite sides of the Gulf of Thailand
FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility BEAST phylogeny of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius group highlighting the new species described herein. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) are listed at the nodes. Photograph by Parinya Pawangkhanan.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.