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Fig. 3 in Redescription of Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908 (Characiformes: Characidae), a small characid of the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 3. Upper and lower jaws of Astyanax multidens (lateral view, right side), MZUSP 96726, 44.3 mm SL. Scale bar 1 mm.

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Fig. 2 in Redescription of Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908 (Characiformes: Characidae), a small characid of the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 2. Astyanax multidens: (a) MZUSP 96606, 44.6 mm SL, rio Peixoto de Azevedo, tributary of rio Teles Pires, (b) MZUSP 99818, 29.5 mm SL, rio Teles Pires, (c) MZUSP 94171, 25.7 mm SL, rio Culuene, tributary of rio Xingu, (d) MZUSP 52228, 25.2 mm SL, rio Água Fria, rio Araguaia basin.

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Fig. 1 in Redescription of Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908 (Characiformes: Characidae), a small characid of the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 1. Astyanax multidens: (a) syntype, MCZ 89559, 29.2 mm SL, rio Amazonas at Óbidos, (b) syntype, MCZ 89559, 30.0 mm SL, rio Amazonas at Óbidos, (c) MCZ 20826, 36.3 mm SL, rio Amazonas at Óbidos.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 1 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi. A. Stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E), C. Masson trichrome (MT), and E. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland of Aphyocharax anisitsi. B. Stained with H-E, D. MT, and F. PAS. RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PI: pars intermedia; NH: neurohypophysis.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 7 | Camera lucida drawings of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland, obtained by histological and immunohistochemical analysis, showing the distribution of adenohypophyseal cells of P. axelrodi A. and A. anisitsi B.. RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PI: pars intermedia; NH: neurohypophysis. () prolactin cells; () adrenocorticotropin cells () growth hormone; (Ê) gonadotropin cells; () somatolactin cells; (+) melanotropin cells.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 4 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections in the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi showing the location of PRL- A. and ACTH- C. ir from the RPD and MSH- C. and SL- F. ir from the PI. Gray box shows the area of detail microphotographs. Details of PRL- B. and ACTH- D. ir from the RPD and MSH- E. and SL- G. ir from the PI. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Black star: neurohypophysis; MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI: pars intermedia; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PRL: prolactin; RPD: rostral pars distalis; SL: somatolactin.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 3 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections in the pituitary gland of Aphyocharax anisitsi showing the location of PRL- A. and ACTH- C. ir from the RPD and MSH- C. and SL- F. ir from the PI. Gray box shows the area of detail microphotographs. Details of PRL- B. and ACTH- D. ir from the RPD and MSH- E. and SL- G. ir from the PI. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Black star: neurohypophysis; MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI: pars intermedia; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PRL: prolactin; RPD: rostral pars distalis; SL: somatolactin.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 2 | Details of various components of the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi and Aphyocharax anisitsi. Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the A. RPD, B. PPD in P. axelrodi and C. PPD and D. PI in A. anisitsi stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E). Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the E. PPD and F. PI of P. axelrodi and G. PPD and H. PI in A. anisitsi stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The delimited gray area corresponds to the neurohypophysis. Black arrowhead: blood vessel; RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars disalis; PI: pars intermedia. Bars = 10µm.

Fig. 20 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 20. Light micrographs through gill gland of mature male Bryconadenos tanaothoros, SL 36.6 mm (USNM 352061). A, entire gill gland showing chambers (c) containing some stained material; unmodified gills are seen at the extreme left and right; bar, 100 µm. B, Enlargement of same specimen showing one chamber (c) with tall columnar cells in between reduced secondary lamellae (arrows); bar, 20 µm.

Fig. 19. Light micrographs through gill glands.A in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 19. Light micrographs through gill glands.A, male Attonitus bounites, SL 43.0 mm (USNM 349701), longitudinal section through gill gland showing the ventral epithelium (arrows) that results in the formation of gill gland chambers (c); arrowhead indicates an unmodified gill filament; bar, 200 µm. B, same specimen showing tall columnar cells (arrows) in between reduced secondary lamellae; s, secretory material; bar, 50 µm. C, male A. irisae, SL 46.1 mm (USNM 349698), longitudinal section through immature gill gland showing the epithelium (arrows) covering the gland chambers (c); bar, 200 µm.

Fig. 17 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 17. Scanning electron micrograph of spermatozoon in testis of male Bryconadenos tanaothoros (MCP 30333); arrow indicates point of exit of the flagellum from the cytoplasmic collar; bar, 1 µm.

Fig. 18 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 18. Transmission electron micrographs through spermatozoa from mature male Bryconadenos tanaothoros, SL 50.0 mm (USNM 352061). A-D, successively more posterior transverse sections; E-F, longitudinal sections. Symbols: n, nucleus; m, mitochondrion; p, proximal centriole; d, distal centriole; f, flagellum, arrows, accessory microtubules; arrowheads, cytoplasmic canal of collar. Bars: A-C, 0.2 µm; D, 0.1 µm; E-F, 0.5 µm.

Fig. 14 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 14. Knodus sp., MZUSP 38004. Inseminating species. Caudal-fin squamation. Male, SL 34.0 mm, lateral view left side, portraying scales moderately extended out onto caudalfin rays. Note: lateral line incomplete and not present in region shown. Brazil: Minas Gerais, riacho near Fazenda Poderosa, tributary to ribeirão Jaboticatubas, tributary to rio das Velhas, Campo Alegre.

Fig. 16 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 16. Light micrographs through mature ovaries of the three species of Attonitus; arrows, spermatozoa; bar, 10 µm. A, Attonitus ephimeros, SL 33.1 mm (USNM 349696). B, A. irisae, SL 36.6 mm (USNM 349704). C, A. bounites, SL 43.0 mm (USNM 349701).

Fig. 12. Bryconamericus iheringii, USNM 285884 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 12. Bryconamericus iheringii, USNM 285884. Non-inseminating species. Caudal-fin squamation. Male, SL 53.2 mm, lateral view left side, portraying scales confined to caudal-fin base. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Arroio Garupá, tributary to rio Quaraí, tributary of rio Uruguay. Road: Uruguaiana-Quaraí, locality between Uruguaiana and Quaraí.

Fig. 7 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 7. Bryconadenos tanaothoros, new species, USNM 352061, paratype, SL 36.6 mm, adult male. Lateral view of left side of anterior region of anal fin illustrating glandular organ. Brazil: Mato Grosso: tributary to rio Suiazinho, near Ribeirão Cascalheira.

Fig. 1 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 1. Bryconadenos tanaothoros, two live adult male specimens in aquaria. Originally collected in Brazil: Mato Grosso; tributary to rio Suiazinho near Ribeirão Cascalheira. The reflective green shown especially by the lower specimen of the two sexually active males displays only weakly this color of the body sides. The position of the anal-fin gland can be seen as a pale gray-white oval area just posterior to the proximal end of the white pigment along the anterior border of the anal fin, especially in the upper male in the picture. Both males display the lateral-line pores and tubes outlined in black as occurs in live specimens.

Fig. 5 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 5. Bryconadenos tanaothoros, new species, paratype. USNM 352061, SL 34.7 mm, adult male. Lateral view of left side of anterior region of anal fin showing fusion of pterygiophores and respective medial radials of anterior five branched rays. Note that the pterygiophores lack anterior and posterior median blades for the origin of the erectors and depressors anales muscles. Brazil: Mato Grosso; tributary to rio Suiazinho near Ribeirão Cascalheira.

Fig. 4 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 4. Bryconadenos tanaothoros, new species, MZUSP 85852, SL 41.3 mm, adult male, holotype. Brazil: Mato Grosso, Serra do Roncador, tributary of rio Suiá-Missu, rio Xingu drainage.

Fig. 9 in Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fig. 9. Bryconadenos tanaothoros, new species, USNM 352061, paratype, SL 33.7 mm, adult male. Jaws and dentition lateral view, left side. Brazil: Mato Grosso: tributary to rio Suiazinho, near Ribeirão Cascalheira.