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99 results for “charcoal”
Sedimentary charcoal data set from the Villena Paleolake (VL3 core)
<p><strong>1. Data set, and sampling methods</strong></p> <p>This data set contains the quantification of sedimentary charcoal from the VL3 record of the Villena Paleolake (Villena, Alicante, Spain). The analyzed section covers the Early and Middle Holocene section of this deposit according (Jones et al., 2018), depths between -120 a -400 cm, with centimetric sampling interval which has produced a total number of 281 samples.</p> <p><strong>2. Treatment</strong></p> <p>The samples have been treated as follows, adapting the methods published by Rhodes (1998) and Talon <em>et al</em>.(1998):</p> <ul> <li>Samples were soaked in 10% H2O2 for 12h for sediment deflocculation and to bleach non-charcoal organic material.</li> <li>After this first step, it was noted if the samples contained shell fragments.</li> <li>A 10% HCl solution was used in samples with high carbonate content.</li> <li>Then samples were sieved (150µ) under a soft-water jet.</li> <li>The samples were stored in distilled water for later counting.</li> </ul> <p><strong>3. Quantification procedures</strong></p> <ul> <li>Each sample was washed with distilled water, employing a 150 micron sieve.</li> <li>The wet sample was examined under binocular microscope <em>Stereomicroscopy CETI STEDDY-T</em> at 40 magnification, using a reference grid with squares of different size categories (cat. 0,5; cat. 1, cat. 2, cat. 3, cat. 4 and cat. 5). The total number of examined charcoal was also calculated.</li> <li>Each size category corresponds to one of the following area categories Cat. 0,5: 0,015625mm<sup>2</sup>; Cat. 1: 0,0625 mm<sup>2 </sup>(0,25 mm*0,25 mm); Cat. 2: 0,0125 mm<sup>2</sup>; Cat. 3: 0,25 mm<sup>2</sup>; Cat. 4: 0,5625 mm<sup>2</sup>; Cat. 5: 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. In the Excel spreadsheet, the area is multiplied by the number of fragments of each category. The sum of the areas is also calculated.</li> <li>In addition, oocytes and insects were also counted.</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li>Carcaillet, C., Bouvier, M., Fréchette, B., Larouche, A. C., Richard, P. J. H. (2001). Comparison of pollen-slide and sieving methods in lacustrine charcoal analyses for local and regional fire history. <em>The Holocene</em> 11 (4): 467- 476.</li> <li>Clark, J. S. (1988). Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: Source area, transport, deposition, and sampling. <em>Quaternary Research</em> 30 (1), 67-80.</li> <li> <p>Jones S.E., Burjachs, F. Ferrer-García C., Giralt, S., Schulte, L., Fernández-López de Pablo, J. (2018). A multi-proxy approach to understanding complex responses of salt-lake catchments to climate variability and human pressure: A Late Quaternary case study from south-eastern, Spain. Quaternary Science Reviews https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.015.</p> </li> <li>Ohlson, M. and Tryterud, E. 2000. Interpretation of the charcoal record in forest soils: forest fires and their production and deposition of macroscopic charcoal. The Holocene, 10(4), 529-525.</li> <li>Rhodes, A. N. (1998). A method for the preparation and quantification of microscopic charcoal from terrestrial and lacustrine sediment cores. <em>The Holocene </em>8 (1), 113-117.</li> <li>Talon, B., Carcaillet, C., Thinon, M. (1998). Etudes pedoanthracologiques des variations de la limite superieure des arbres au cours de l'Holocene dans les Alpes françaises. <em>Geographie physique et Quaternaire</em> 52 (2), 195-208.</li> </ul>
Raman spectroscopic data derived from Calluna vulgaris charcoals, experimentally generated across a range of natural wildfire temperatures
<p>This data has been derived from deconvolved Raman spectra, utilising two first order bands - D (Disordered) and G (Graphitic). Spectra were collected from experimentally pyrolysed charcoals, made from Calluna vulgaris (Ling Heather) separated into three main components; stem, root and flower. For each component at 250, 400, 600 and 800 degrees centigrade respectively, 5 charcoal samples (A, B, C, D, E) were analysed. Following deconvolution, median values for each spectra were produced. These correspond to parameters derived from the Raman data, including D- and G-band width (FWHM), intensity (ID/IG or 'R1') and area (AD/AG) ratios, band separation (G-D or 'RBS'), and band width ratios (D-FWHM/G-FWHM). All parameters have been compiled for each component material, and displayed graphically within this dataset.</p>
Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area. in Evidence For Wildfires During Deposition Of The Late Miocene Diatomites Of The Konservat-Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area.
Identifying contaminants of coal inertinite in charcoal briquettes: Preliminary findings of microscopic analysis
<p>Submitted data was used to write an article: Jelonek, Z., Jelonek, I., Identifying coal-derived inertinite in charcoal briquettes: Preliminary findings of microscopic analysis – article sent for review to the International Journal of Coal Geology. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding acknowledgments:</strong> The project is co-financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme (BPN/PPO/2021/1/00005/DEC/1), the National Science Center, Poland (2022/01/1/ST10/00024), and the research activities co-financed by the funds granted under the Research Excellence Initiative of the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Article Abstract</strong>: Despite the widespread popularity of charcoal-based grilling fuels, extensive studies have highlighted various pollutants linked to their production and combustion, posing potential risks to human health and the environment. Since the presence of impurities has been identified as a factor contributing to elevated emissions of harmful gases and particulate matter, a comprehensive quality assessment of grilling fuels is imperative to effectively manage and minimize potential risks to customer health and safety.</p> <p>While identifying many impurities in solid biomass fuels is possible through microscopic analysis, identifying fossil coal contaminants in charcoal briquettes can be challenging. The biggest difficulty arises when coal-derived inertinite and man-made charcoal need to be distinguished as both exhibit numerous visual similarities in microscopic images. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the optical morphology of inertinite and charcoal with the aim of differentiating them when they co-occur in charcoal briquettes.</p> <p>The results show that employing high differential interference (DIC) and fluorescence filters, coupled with reflected white light in microscopic analysis, can enhance the observations allowing for easier detection of impurities of inertinite in charcoal-based grilling fuels. Among the most notable distinctions are the high degree of cellular structure preservation and the presence of small pores and protrusions in man-made charcoal; these characteristics are typically absent in the inertinite fragments.</p>
EXPLO. Sovjan 2021. OxCal code for radiocarbon dated tree-rings and charcoal
<p>Code used for modelling radiocarbon dated tree-rings and previously published charcoal dates from the archaeological site of Sovjan. Software used: OxCal v4.4.2 (Bronk Ramsey, 2020; Dee and Bronk Ramsey, 2014) presented in "<em>The Early Bronze Age dendrochronology of Sovjan (Albania): A first tree-ring sequence of the 24th – 22nd c. BC for the southwestern Balkans</em>", Maczkowski et al., 2021, DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125811">10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125811</a></p>
Charcoal concentration records of Nanyu Section in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
<p>We provide a high–resolution [~9 thousand years (ky)/sample] charcoal concentration record from the Nanyu section (Long. 140.9° E, Lat. 34.7° N) during the Mid–Miocene (~16–13.6 Ma) in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. </p>
Charcoal particles concentration records of Nanyu Section in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
<p>We provide a high–resolution [~9 thousand years (ky)/sample] charcoal concentration record from the Nanyu section (Long. 140.9° E, Lat. 34.7° N) during the Mid–Miocene (~16–13.6 Ma) in the Wushan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. </p>
Data from: Charcoal analysis for temperature reconstruction with infrared spectroscopy
<p>The duration and maximum combustion temperature of vegetation fires are important fire properties with implications for ecology, hydrology, hazard potential, and many other processes. Directly measuring maximum combustion temperature during vegetation fires is difficult. However, chemical properties of charcoal formed as a by-product of fire reflect key chemical transformations associated with temperatures. Therefore, they could be used indirectly to determine the maximum combustion temperature of vegetation fires. To evaluate the reliability of charcoal chemistry as an indicator of maximum combustion temperature, we studied the chemical properties of charcoal formed through two laboratory methods at measured temperatures. Using a muffle furnace, we generated charcoal from the woody material of ten different tree and shrub species at seven distinct peak temperatures (from 200 °C to 800 °C in 100 °C increments). Additionally, we simulated more natural combustion conditions by burning woody material and leaves of four tree species in a combustion facility instrumented with thermocouples, including thermocouples inside and outside of tree branches. Charcoal samples generated in these controlled settings were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize their chemical properties. The Modern Analogue Technique (MAT) was employed on FTIR spectra of muffle furnace charcoal to assess the accuracy of inferring maximum pyrolysis temperature. The MAT modeltemperature matching accuracy improved from 46% for all analogues to 81% when including ±100 ℃. Furthermore, we used MAT to compare charcoal created in the combustion facility with muffle furnace charcoal. Our findings indicate that the spectra of charcoals generated in a combustion facility can be accurately matched with muffle furnace-created charcoals of similar temperatures using MAT, and the accuracy improved when comparing the maximum pyrolysis temperature from muffle furnace charcoal with the maximum inner temperature of the combustion facility charcoal. This suggests that charcoal produced in a muffle furnace may be representative of the inner maximum temperatures for vegetation fire-produced charcoals. FTIR spectroscopy is a promising tool for determining maximum fire temperature from charcoals of vegetation and prescribed fires and may have implications for fossil charcoal from palaeoecological records. </p>
Pollen and charcoal from Tolhuaca National Park, south-central Chile
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Few paleoenvironmental studies have been performed in <em>Araucaria-Nothofagus</em> forests, which are highly vulnerable to ongoing threats from climate change and anthropogenic activities. The primary goal of this work is to reconstruct past environmental changes related to fire disturbances over the last 1800 years in Tolhuaca National Park, Chile.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Tolhuaca National Park, Araucanian region (38.2°S; 71.8°W), Northwestern Patagonia, Chile.</p> <p><strong>Taxa: </strong><em>Araucaria araucana </em>(Araucariaceae)<em>, Nothofagus </em>spp. (Nothofagaceae).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We completed charcoal and pollen analyses to create two new paleoecological records that span 1800 years. We compared the lake-based reconstruction with the available local tree-ring fire scar chronologies from the last 430 years. Using these data, we compute forest index changes, biomass burning trends, and compare with estimates of archaeological radiocarbon density. We place our inferences with context of published regional paleoclimatic proxies from the Patagonian-Andean region.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that fire activity was higher than present between 200 and 1500 CE, with peaks around 200-400 CE and 1100-1500 CE. Periods with high fire activity are associated with reduced forest cover, as <em>Araucaria </em>declined when mixed-severity fire regime occurred for extended periods. Pollen assemblages suggested a shift from dry to wet climate conditions at 1500 CE, and from 1750 CE onward, the arrival of exotic species reflected the land-use changes related to forest clearance and transhumance practices.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: The paleoenvironmental reconstructions showed changes in vegetation, fire, and climate over the past 1800 years in TNP. Wildfires have been the main disturbance process modifying the vegetation structure in the <em>Araucaria</em> and <em>Nothofagus</em> forests. Since 1750 CE intensive post-Hispanic land-use changes (forest clearances by fire and logging) took place in the study area, reducing the native vegetation cover. Climate variability, modulated by SAM-like and ENSO-like conditions, influenced the fire activity (availability and flammability of fuels), concomitantly with high archaeological density. The recent (after 2000 CE) increase of catastrophic wildfires may negatively affect the conservation strategies of <em>Araucaria-Nothofagus</em> forests.</p>
Data supporting the preprint: Soot and charcoal as reservoirs of extracellular DNA
<p>- Adsorption isotherms and kinetic data for adsorption of short and long DNA strands at soot and charcoal particles as a function of solution composition, pH and presence of competing compounds such as phosphates and alcohols.</p> <p>- Material characterisation analyses: XRD, XPS, Raman, water adsorption, zeta potential, mass titration</p>
Data from: Preparation of Pt and bamboo charcoal co-modified TiO2 for formaldehyde sensing at room temperature
<p>Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> has evolved to be one of the most attractive materials for gas sensing due to its strong oxidation activity and excellent sensing properties. In this study, we prepared a Pt and bamboo charcoal co-modified nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> using one-pot hydrothermal process and applied it for detection of formaldehyde. The successful incorporation of precious metal Pt and bamboo charcoal onto TiO<sub>2</sub> was confirmed by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS. These modifiers significantly improved the response of TiO<sub>2</sub> to formaldehyde, e.g., the response signal increased by 4 times, while the response time decreased from 91.05 to 67.76 s. The sample with 0.5@Pt and 0.5@C bamboo charcoal performed the best. Our work showed the potential of using biomass-derived carbon to improve the detection of formaldehyde.</p>
Supporting dataset with respect to Raman spectroscopic analysis of Palaeogene charcoals from Malcolm's Point, Isle of Mull, Scotland.
<p>Raman spectroscopic data (raw and processed) for Palaeogene charcoal samples A1, A2, B, and A1 thin section (A1-TS), including application of FWHMRa geothermometry as per <strong>Theurer et al. (2022)</strong>. Spectral data collected and processed in <em>Renishaw</em> WiRE 3.4 software. Those data presented in sheet 'HDHG Method 3' refer to spectral data processed in MATLAB, implementing 'peak-fit' and secondary deconvolution codes, as per <strong>O'Haver (2015, 2022)</strong> and <strong>Schito et al. (2020, 2022)</strong>, respectively.</p> <p><strong>O'Haver, T. (2015)</strong>. A Pragmatic Introduction to Signal Processing [Online]. Retrieved from https://terpconnect.umd.edu/~toh/spectrum/CurveFittingC.html</p> <p><strong>O'Haver, T. (2022)</strong>. peakfit.m [Code]. <em>MATLAB Central File Exchange</em>. Retrieved from https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/23611-peakfit-m</p> <p><strong>Schito, A. & Corrado, S. (2020)</strong>. An automatic approach for characterization of the thermal maturity of dispersed organic matter Raman spectra at low diagenetic stages. <em>Journal of the Geological Society of London - Special Publications</em>. 484, 107–119. doi: 10.1144/SP484.5</p> <p><strong>Schito, A., Pensa, A., Corrado, S., Vona, A., Trolese, M., Morgavi, D., <em>et al. </em>(2022)</strong>. Calibrating carbonization temperatures of wood fragments embedded within pyroclastic density currents through Raman spectroscopy. <em>Minerals</em>, 12, 203. doi: 10.3390/min12020203</p> <p><strong>Theurer, T., Naszarkowski, N., Muirhead, D. K., Jolley, D. & Mauquoy, D. (2022)</strong>. Assessing modern Calluna heathland fire temperatures using Raman spectroscopy: Implications for past regimes and geothermometry. <em>Frontiers in Earth Science</em>, 10, 827933. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.827933</p>
35,000-year record of pollen, charcoal and NPP from Bass Strait, southeast Australia
<p>We reconstruct the last glacial vegetation (pollen record), fire (charcoal record) and lake levels (NPP record) for Bass Strait. Results show the Bass Strait area was characterized by <i>Eucalyptus</i> woodland and shrubland vegetation, with high fire activity and lake levels from 35,000 to 29,000 years ago. Grassland expanded at the expense of woodland after this period, with a decline in fire activity and lake levels.</p>
Dataset for The effect of charcoal production on carbon cycling in African biomes
<p>LPJ-GUESS simulated carbon dynamics data for African biomes under different charcoal management regimes</p>
Charcoal-making on Urnarti (N19.55276° E30.41962°)
<p>Urnarti, Sudan.</p> <p>Use of fire: b) charcoal-making (mostly other trees, but date palm wood is used in brick-making and bakeries due to long heat retention).</p>
Dataset of archaeobotanical wood charcoal records from northwest China
<p>To explore the prehistoric human-environmental interactions along the ancient Silk Road, we provide a synthesis of archaeobotanical wood charcoal records from northwest China. The dataset includes the taxa and total number of wood charcoal fragments, and absolute count of each species identified from 39 archaeological site. The general information of these archaeological sites, including latitude, longitude, region, cultural context, and AMS14C dating results is also added into this dataset. </p>
QMT Pollen and Charcoal Data for "Anthropogenic impact on mountain vegetation of Southeast China lagged coastal plains by 2000–4000 years"
<p>This data is the percentage&concentration of pollen and charcoal in Qianmutian peatland located in Southeast China for the article“Anthropogenic impact on mountain vegetation of Southeast China lagged coastal plains by 2000–4000 years”.</p>
Phenytoin and Multidose Activated Charcoal
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00823264. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Acute Effects of Cigarette Packaging and Charcoal Filtration on Perceptions, Use Behaviors, and Harm Exposure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05157048. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Mapping with Charcoal Carbon Dye in Early Stage Cervical Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06697054. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
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