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77 results for “circumpolar”
Bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf and ice shelf cavities from a 3D inversion of circumpolar gravity anomalies constrained by other data
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Past intrusion of circumpolar deep water in the Ross Sea: Impacts on the ancient Ross Ice Shelf
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Haase et al. 2020 - Sensitivity of the southern hemisphere circumpolar jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: prescribed versus interactive chemistry
<p>Model data to reproduce the figures in Haase et al. "Sensitivity of the southern hemisphere circumpolar jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: prescribed versus interactive chemistry" submitted to ACP in May 2020. These are based on NCAR's CESM1(WACCM) model with and without interactive chemistry. Detailed information on the model setup is to find in Haase et al. and references therein (https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-441).</p> <p>Version 1.1 is associated with the first revision of the manuscript (September 2020) that led to an additional figure (new Figure 10) in the paper. For details see additional notes.</p>
Summer circumpolar acoustic occurrence and call rates of Ross (Ommatophoca rossii) and leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx) seals in the Southern Ocean
<p>Two of the Antarctic pack ice seals, Ross, Ommatophoca rossii, and leopard, Hydrurga leptonyx, seals, are extremely dificult to study via traditional visual survey techniques, yet are ideal for an acoustic survey as they are highly vociferous and produce an array of underwater sounds during the austral summer. To determine their acoustic occurrence in the Antarctic pack ice, we use their calls, detected within 680 acoustic recordings made between 1999 and 2009 as part of two multinational programmes. Siren calls of Ross seals were detected mainly in January, and 9.88 calls per minute from low siren calls was the highest call rate for this species. High numbers of Ross seal calls were detected close to the ice edge in areas between 0° and 20° E and 60° and 130° E, suggesting these are important summer habitats. Leopard seal calls were detected mainly in December and January, and December had the highest percentage of calls. Call rate of 11.93 calls per minute from low double trills was the highest call rate for leopard seals. Leopard seal calls were detected throughout the Southern Ocean with more calls detected throughout the pack ice. There was little spatio-temporal overlap in call occurrence of Ross and leopard seals, but both species were more vocally active during the day. Longitude and latitude were the most important predictors of Ross seal occurrence, and month of the year highly predicted leopard seal occurrence. This is the irst study to examine the circumpolar acoustic occurrence of Ross and leopard seals in the Southern Ocean pack ice.</p>
Data from: Geographic structure in the Southern Ocean circumpolar brittle star Ophionotus victoriae (Ophiuridae) revealed from mtDNA and single nucleotide polymorphism data
Marine systems have traditionally been thought of as "open" with few barriers to gene flow. In particular, many marine organisms in the Southern Ocean purportedly possess circumpolar distributions that have rarely been well verified. Here, we use the highly abundant and endemic Southern Ocean brittle star Ophionotus victoriae to examine genetic structure and determine whether barriers to gene flow have existed around the Antarctic continent. Ophionotus victoriae possesses feeding planktotrophic larvae with presumed high dispersal capability, but a previous study revealed genetic structure along the Antarctic Peninsula. To test the extent of genetic differentiation within O. victoriae, we sampled from the Ross Sea through the eastern Weddell Sea. Whereas two mitochondrial DNA markers (16S rDNA and COI) were employed to allow comparison to earlier work, a 2b-RAD single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach allowed sampling of loci across the genome. Mitochondrial data from 414 individuals suggested three major lineages, but 2b-RAD data generated 1,999 biallelic loci that identified four geographically distinct groups from 89 samples. Given the greater resolution by SNP data, O. victoriae can be divided into geographically distinct populations likely representing multiple species. Specific historical scenarios that explain current population structure were examined with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses. Although the Bransfield Strait region shows high diversity possibly due to mixing, our results suggest that within the recent past, dispersal processes due to strong currents such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current have not overcome genetic subdivision presumably due to historical isolation, questioning the idea of large open circumpolar populations in the Southern Ocean.
Data from: Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic
We provide an expansive analysis of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) circumpolar genetic variation during the last two decades of decline in their sea-ice habitat. We sought to evaluate whether their genetic diversity and structure have changed over this period of habitat decline, how their current genetic patterns compare with past patterns, and how genetic demography changed with ancient fluctuations in climate. Characterizing their circumpolar genetic structure using microsatellite data, we defined four clusters that largely correspond to current ecological and oceanographic factors: Eastern Polar Basin, Western Polar Basin, Canadian Archipelago and Southern Canada. We document evidence for recent (ca. last 1–3 generations) directional gene flow from Southern Canada and the Eastern Polar Basin towards the Canadian Archipelago, an area hypothesized to be a future refugium for polar bears as climate-induced habitat decline continues. Our data provide empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The direction of current gene flow differs from earlier patterns of gene flow in the Holocene. From analyses of mitochondrial DNA, the Canadian Archipelago cluster and the Barents Sea subpopulation within the Eastern Polar Basin cluster did not show signals of population expansion, suggesting these areas may have served also as past interglacial refugia. Mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA data from polar and the paraphyletic brown bear (U. arctos) uncovered offset signals in timing of population expansion between the two species, that are attributed to differential demographic responses to past climate cycling. Mitogenomic structure of polar bears was shallow and developed recently, in contrast to the multiple clades of brown bears. We found no genetic signatures of recent hybridization between the species in our large, circumpolar sample, suggesting that recently observed hybrids represent localized events. Documenting changes in subpopulation connectivity will allow polar nations to proactively adjust conservation actions to continuing decline in sea-ice habitat.
Data from: Circumpolar diversity and geographic differentiation of mtDNA in the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)
The Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was hunted to near extinction between 1904 and 1972, declining from an estimated initial abundance of more than 250,000 to fewer than 400. Here, we describe mtDNA control region diversity and geographic differentiation in the surviving population of the Antarctic blue whale, using 218 biopsy samples collected under the auspices of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) during research cruises from 1990–2009. Microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA sequences identified 166 individuals among the 218 samples and documented movement of a small number of individuals, including a female that traveled at least 6,650 km or 131° longitude over four years. mtDNA sequences from the 166 individuals were aligned with published sequences from 17 additional individuals, resolving 52 unique haplotypes from a consensus length of 410 bp. From this minimum census, a rarefaction analysis predicted that only 72 haplotypes (95% CL, 64, 86) have survived in the contemporary population of Antarctic blue whales. However, haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.968±0.004), perhaps as a result of the longevity of blue whales and the relatively recent timing of the bottleneck. Despite the potential for circumpolar dispersal, we found significant differentiation in mtDNA diversity (FST = 0.032, p<0.005) and microsatellite alleles (FST = 0.005, p<0.05) among the six Antarctic Areas historically used by the IWC for management of blue whales.
Subspecies and Distribution. A. l. lagopus Linnaeus, 1758 — most of the circumpolar range, in all Arctic tundra habitats. A. l. beringensis Merriam, 1902 — Russia (Commander Is). A. l. fuliginosus Bechstein, 1799 — Iceland, Greenland, Svalbard. A.l. pribilofensis Merriam, 1902 — Alaska (Pribilof Is). in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A. l. lagopus Linnaeus, 1758 — most of the circumpolar range, in all Arctic tundra habitats. A. l. beringensis Merriam, 1902 — Russia (Commander Is). A. l. fuliginosus Bechstein, 1799 — Iceland, Greenland, Svalbard. A.l. pribilofensis Merriam, 1902 — Alaska (Pribilof Is).
Dataset for Diffusion of Circumpolar Deep Water towards Antarctica
<p>Dataset used for "Diffusion of Circumpolar Deep Water Towards Antarctica" submitted to JGR-Oceans.</p>
Distribution. Circumpolar in the N Atlantic Ocean (NE Canada-W Greenland and E Greenland, Svalbard, Barents and Kara seas) and N Pacific Ocean (Bering—Chuckchi-Beaufort seas and Sea of Okhotsk). in Balaenidae
Distribution. Circumpolar in the N Atlantic Ocean (NE Canada-W Greenland and E Greenland, Svalbard, Barents and Kara seas) and N Pacific Ocean (Bering—Chuckchi-Beaufort seas and Sea of Okhotsk).
Distribution. Southern Hemisphere, circumpolar, generally between 30° S and 55° S but can occur north to 19° S if cold currents are present. in Neobalaenidae
Distribution. Southern Hemisphere, circumpolar, generally between 30° S and 55° S but can occur north to 19° S if cold currents are present.
Distribution. Circumpolar range, sightings have been made as far N as 85° N in the Arctic Ocean and as far S as ¢.60° N in Hudson Bay and the Labrador Sea; rarely seen In Siberian, Alaskan, or W Canadian Arctic waters. in Monodontidae
Distribution. Circumpolar range, sightings have been made as far N as 85° N in the Arctic Ocean and as far S as ¢.60° N in Hudson Bay and the Labrador Sea; rarely seen In Siberian, Alaskan, or W Canadian Arctic waters.
Distribution. Poorly known, but it appears to be restricted to cooler waters of the Southern Hemisphere between 32° S and the Antarctic convergence; it has been recorded stranding in New Zealand, Australia, Tristan da Cunha, and Tierra del Fuego. Its distribution may be circumpolar, but it is also possible that there is a gap in its distribution between the Chatham Is and South America. in Ziphiidae
Distribution. Poorly known, but it appears to be restricted to cooler waters of the Southern Hemisphere between 32° S and the Antarctic convergence; it has been recorded stranding in New Zealand, Australia, Tristan da Cunha, and Tierra del Fuego. Its distribution may be circumpolar, but it is also possible that there is a gap in its distribution between the Chatham Is and South America.
Distribution. Poorly known due to a lack of records for the species, but it appears to have a circumpolar distribution within colder waters in the Southern Hemisphere. in Ziphiidae
Distribution. Poorly known due to a lack of records for the species, but it appears to have a circumpolar distribution within colder waters in the Southern Hemisphere.
Distribution. Southern Hemisphere (E South America from S Brazil to Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Is (= Malvinas), South Georgia Is, Kerguelen Is, Heard I, Macquarie I, Auckland Is, and Tasmania). Although previously thought to be exclusively coastal, like other members of the genus, recent sightings in oceanic waters of the Antarctic and subantarctic zones suggest that the species actually has a circumpolar distribution and may be largely oceanic. in Phocoenidae
Distribution. Southern Hemisphere (E South America from S Brazil to Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Is (= Malvinas), South Georgia Is, Kerguelen Is, Heard I, Macquarie I, Auckland Is, and Tasmania). Although previously thought to be exclusively coastal, like other members of the genus, recent sightings in oceanic waters of the Antarctic and subantarctic zones suggest that the species actually has a circumpolar distribution and may be largely oceanic.
Distribution. Circumpolar in subantarctic waters, primarily between 30° S and 65° S, including the Great Australian Bight, Tasman Sea, and Chatham Is, but as far N as 25° S in the Malvinas Current, 23° S in the Benguela Current, and 12° S in the Humboldt Current. in Delphinidae
Distribution. Circumpolar in subantarctic waters, primarily between 30° S and 65° S, including the Great Australian Bight, Tasman Sea, and Chatham Is, but as far N as 25° S in the Malvinas Current, 23° S in the Benguela Current, and 12° S in the Humboldt Current.
Distribution. Circumpolar in subantarctic and Antarctic waters, primarily between 45° S and 65° S, but occasionally recorded N up to 33° S off Chile. in Delphinidae
Distribution. Circumpolar in subantarctic and Antarctic waters, primarily between 45° S and 65° S, but occasionally recorded N up to 33° S off Chile.
Southern Hemisphere Circumpolar Wavenumber-4 Pattern Simulated in SINTEX-F2 Coupled Model
<p>These datasets are used to produce Figures in the paper by Senapati et al. (2024). </p> <p>Senapati, B., Morioka, Y., Behera, S. K., & Dash, M. K. (2024). Southern Hemisphere circumpolar wavenumber‐4 pattern simulated in SINTEX‐F2 coupled model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129, e2023JC020801. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020801" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020801</a></p>
Data from: Linking genetic and ecological differentiation in an ungulate with a circumpolar distribution
Genetic differentiation among populations may arise from the disruption of gene flow due to local adaptation to distinct environments and/or neutral accumulation of mutations and genetic drift resulted from geographical isolation. Quantifying the role of these processes in determining the genetic structure of natural populations remains challenging. Here, we analyze the relative contribution of isolation-by-resistance (IBR), isolation-by-environment (IBE), genetic drift and historical isolation in allopatry during Pleistocene glacial cycles on shaping patterns of genetic differentiation in caribou/reindeer populations (Rangifer tarandus) across the entire distribution range of the species. Our study integrates analyses at range-wide and regional scales to partial out the effects of historical and contemporary isolation mechanisms. At the circumpolar scale, our results indicate that genetic differentiation is predominantly explained by IBR and historical isolation. At a regional scale, we found that environmental dissimilarity and population size significantly explained the spatial distribution of genetic variation among populations belonging to the Euro-Beringian lineage within North America. In contrast, genetic differentiation among populations within the North American lineage was predominantly explained by IBR and population size, but not IBE. We also found discrepancies between genetic and ecotype designation across the Holarctic species distribution range. Overall, these results indicate that multiple isolating mechanisms have played roles in shaping the spatial distribution of genetic variation across the distribution range of a large mammal with high potential for gene flow. Considering multiple spatial scales and simultaneously testing a comprehensive suite of potential isolating mechanisms, our study contributes to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying organism–landscape interactions.
Data from: Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: the white-chinned petrel
<p>The Southern Ocean represents a continuous stretch of circumpolar marine habitat, but the potential physical and ecological drivers of evolutionary genetic differentiation across this vast ecosystem remain unclear. We tested for genetic structure across the full circumpolar range of the white-chinned petrel (<i>Procellaria aequinoctialis</i>) to unravel the potential drivers of population differentiation and test alternative population differentiation hypotheses. Following range-wide comprehensive sampling, we applied genomic (genotyping-by-sequencing or GBS; 60,709 loci) and standard mitochondrial-marker approaches (cytochrome b and 1st domain of control region) to quantify genetic diversity within and among island populations, test for isolation by distance, and quantify the number of genetic clusters using neutral and outlier (non-neutral) loci. Our results supported the multi-region hypothesis, with a range of analyses showing clear three-region genetic population structure, split by ocean basin, within two evolutionary units. The most significant differentiation between these regions confirmed previous work distinguishing New Zealand and nominate subspecies. Although there was little evidence of structure within the island groups of the Indian or Atlantic oceans, a small set of highly-discriminatory outlier loci could assign petrels to ocean basin and potentially to island group, though the latter needs further verification. Genomic data hold the key to revealing substantial regional genetic structure within wide-ranging circumpolar species previously assumed to be panmictic.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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