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77 results for “circumpolar”
Circumpolar mid-winter thaw and refreeze based on fusion of Metop ASCAT and SMOS, 2011/2012 - 2021/2022
<p>Rain-on-Snow (ROS) events occur across many regions of the terrestrial Arctic in mid-winter. Snow pack properties are changing and in extreme cases ice layers form which affect wildlife, vegetation and soils beyond the duration of the event.</p> <p>Active and passive microwave data have been combined to identify events over land North of 65°N (Bartsch et al. 2023). In a first step Metop ASCAT (C-Band radar) was used to identify potential sudden snow structure change. In a second step, results have been masked for coincident observation of wet snow within +- 3 days based on SMOS (derived from Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS (CATDS) level 3 product). Note that the SMOS retrievals can have data gaps due to radio frequency interferences (RFI) what leads to gaps in the event detection.</p> <p>The dataset is structured by centre points of the hexagonal grid of the used Metop ASCAT product (EUMETSAT, approximately 12.5 km nominal resolution). Attributes include point ID (GPI), latitude, longitude and</p> <ul> <li>aggregated number of events for the months November to February, 2011/12 to 2021/22, and their sum per winter (referred to as annual), or</li> <li>in case of daily results (date in file name) the magnitude of ASCAT backscatter change in dB (DSigma0; no data value is '0.0').</li> </ul> <p>The dataset extents Seawinds QuikScat (Ku-band) based results for 2000-2009 (Bartsch 2010, Freund and Bartsch 2020).</p>
Circumpolar Landcover Units
<p><strong>This record is obsolete.</strong></p> <p><strong>A new version has been published under <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/14235736">https://zenodo.org/records/14235736</a></strong></p> <p>Landcover units have been derived from Copernicus Sentinel-1 und Sentinel-2 data acquired between 2016 and 2022 for the Arctic tundra biome. 23 units of which 20 represent different vegetation characteristics and soil conditions are provided. The units have been identified with K-means over a representative transect and in a second step retrieved across the entire Arctic north of the treeline. The description of the units is based on several thousand samples from vegetation surveys and soil probes.</p> <p>The units are supplied at 10m resolution in nine irregular tiles. Auxiliary data for quality information and input acquisition dates are supplied in a separate shape file. The majority within 1kmx1km areas is supplied as csv (centre points). Units are documented in detail in Bartsch, A., Efimova, A., Widhalm, B., Muri, X., von Baeckmann, C., Bergstedt, H., Ermokhina, K., Hugelius, G., Heim, B., and Leibman, M.: Circumarctic land cover diversity considering wetness gradients, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2421–2481, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2421-2024, 2024.</p>
Glacial-interglacial Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures during the last 800,000 years: estimates from a synthesis of bottom water temperature reconstructions
<p>Data used for our paper "Glacial-interglacial Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures during the last 800,000 years: estimates from a synthesis of bottom water temperature reconstructions" published in Climate of the Past (https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2055-2024).</p> <p>Please see the paper for full details, or email us for further info (dcha@norceresearch.no).</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Coelosynapha, a new genus of the subfamily Gnoristinae (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) with a circumpolar, Holarctic distribution.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Coelosynapha, a new genus of the subfamily Gnoristinae (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) with a circumpolar, Holarctic distribution". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d4007c80-fe8e-4f91-aef6-97c2793cd910">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d4007c80-fe8e-4f91-aef6-97c2793cd910</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d4007c80-fe8e-4f91-aef6-97c2793cd910">https://gbif.org/dataset/d4007c80-fe8e-4f91-aef6-97c2793cd910</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 5: Tree topology calculated as Maximum-Likelihood tree using Bayesian MCMC analysis with the general time reversal model of base substitution and gamma distribution for degraded DNA of museum specimens, only parsimony informative triplets included.
Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 4: Observed diagnostic character changes with position numbers mapped onto the Maximum- Likelihood tree. Black box = unambiguous diagnostic charactercharacter change, grey box = ambiguous diagnostic charactercharacter change, and white box = character change.
Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 3: Alignment of all parsimonious informative triplets (with uninformative sites deleted -), and with a pointer for position number (numbered for total COI) and codon position. Diagnostic (= private) positions marked with colour green = Thymine, violet = Cytosine, red = Adenine and yellow = Guanine.
Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 2: Tree topology calculated as Maximum-Likelihood tree using Bayesian MCMC analysis with the general time reversal model of base substitutions with gamma distribution.
Supplementary materials of "Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the Circumpolar area (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic)"
<p>Supplementary materials of the paper: Alexei S. Kassian, George Starostin, Mikhail Zhivlov, Sergey A. Spirin. Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the Circumpolar area (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic). <em>Journal of Historical Linguistics</em>, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.00014.kas">https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.00014.kas</a>. </p> <p>The Supplement includes the datasets, descriptions, comments and all technical files which makes our linguistic experiment fully reproducible:</p> <ul> <li>Supplement text (pdf): 1. Consonant classes; 2. Weighted permutation test; 3. Negative control and calibration of permutation test outcomes; 4. Pairwise comparison between Yeniseian, Burushaski and all the Na-Dene wordlists; 5. CC-matches in statistically significant pairs (Chukotian-Itelmen, Nivkh, Samoyed, Yukaghir, Yeniseian, Na-Dene, Burushaski); 6. Basic information on the language families and groups; 7. Linguistic comments on individual Swadesh forms; 8. Transcription system.</li> <li>Supplement tables (xls): 1. Stability of the Swadesh concepts; 2. 110-item wordlists for the languages of the Circumpolar area; 3. Weighted permutation test for the negative control group; 4. Consonant classes.</li> <li>Technical files of the permutation test: 1. Circumpolar languages; 2. Negative control group (incl. dataset); 3. Positive control group; 4. Yeniseian-Dene-Burushaski hypothesis</li> </ul> <p>The software package is available at <a href="https://github.com/dmkrylov/starling-permutation-test">https://github.com/dmkrylov/starling-permutation-test</a></p>
Along-shelf connectivity and circumpolar gene flow in Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica)
<p>The Antarctic silverfish (<em>Pleuragramma antarctica</em>) is a critically important forage species with a circumpolar distribution and is unique among other notothenioid species for its wholly pelagic life cycle. Previous studies have provided mixed evidence of population structure over regional and circumpolar scales. The aim of the present study was to test the recent population hypothesis for Antarctic silverfish, which emphasizes the interplay between life history and hydrography in shaping connectivity. A total of 1067 individuals were collected over 25 years from different locations on a circumpolar scale. Samples were genotyped at fifteen microsatellites to assess population differentiation and genetic structuring using clustering methods, <em>F</em>-statistics, and hierarchical analysis of variance. A lack of differentiation was found between locations connected by the Antarctic Slope Front Current (ASF), indicative of high levels of gene flow. However, gene flow was significantly reduced at the South Orkney Islands and the western Antarctic Peninsula where the ASF is absent. This pattern of gene flow emphasized the relevance of large-scale circulation as a mechanism for circumpolar connectivity. Chaotic genetic patchiness characterized population structure over time, with varying patterns of differentiation observed between years, accompanied by heterogeneous standard length distributions. The present study supports a more nuanced version of the genetic panmixia hypothesis that reflects physical-biological interactions over the life history.</p>
Data and code from: Opposite, but insufficient, phenological responses to climate in two circumpolar seabirds: relative roles of phenotypic plasticity and selection
<p><span>The magnitude of climate change has been greatest in the Arctic, accelerating climate-induced shifts in phenology, but wildlife responses vary. Variation may be due to the relative importance of phenotypic plasticity or phenotypic selection.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we examine and contrast the environmental drivers of plasticity in breeding phenology of two circumpolar seabirds at their receding summer range limit using unique datasets of marked individuals </span><span>covering </span><span>25 and 30</span><span> years</span><span>. Based on prior knowledge of the local ecosystems, we predicted that climate would generate opposing patterns of plasticity in the two populations.</span></p> <p><span>Laying phenology of kittiwakes in the Gulf of Alaska was associated with a large-scale climate oscillation (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) while the Arctic-breeding murres adjusted </span><span>laying to sea-ice conditions. Kittiwakes laid earlier after experiencing colder climate about two years prior and laying dates did not advance over the study, but murres laid earlier when warmer climate led to earlier spring sea-ice break-up, and murre laying dates advanced by one week since 1990. Selection favoured earlier laying in both species.</span></p> <p><span>Both populations adjusted breeding phenology to environmental variation, but we anticipate opposing effects on phenology with continued climate change. Ice-constrained species can likely adapt to some extent because plasticity can provide the necessary shift to this physical barrier, although individuals were only able to adjust by ~one week while ice conditions advanced by over a month</span><span>. </span><span>In more temperate regions</span><span>,</span><span> where phenology is driven by bottom-up effects, plasticity and selection counteract one another leading to limited adaptability. We provide insights into the likely adjustments by Arctic marine animals to an increasingly warmer and ice-less summer.</span></p>
EU project OCEAN:ICE Deliverable: D1.4 Gridded European circumpolar sea ice production fluxes
<p>This deliverable is a new dataset of sea ice production (SIP) in Antarctic coastal polynyas, critical regions for sea ice formation and dense water formation. Using Earth Observation data and atmospheric reanalysis, we use a heat budget method to estimate the SIP. We use sea ice concentration (SIC) from passive microwave sensors and ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis for near-surface wind speed and surface air temperature. Comparison against previous literature shows broad consistency in spatial patterns and magnitude of ice production, with notable variations across larger polynyas. Despite simplifications and thereby increased uncertainties in the absolute ice production values, the data set provides valuable insights into the dynamics and variability of Antarctic polynya SIP for the period 1992-2023.</p>
Silene uralensis aggregate, circumpolar species : dataset, Miseq Illumina RAW READS
<p>This dataset includes 43 samples of circumpolar species included in the <em>Silene uralensis</em> aggregate, sensu http://panarcticflora.org/. Forty-eight low copy nuclear genes were enriched with <em>Silene-</em>specific probes. The samples were sequenced with the Miseq technology from the short read Illumina platform. An excel sheet with samples information is included.</p> <p>Two other datasets are associated to this one, called "Silene uralensis aggregate, circumpolar species : dataset, Novaseq Illumina RAW READS SET 1" on Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.12699639 and "Silene uralensis aggregate, circumpolar species : dataset, Novaseq Illumina RAW READS SET 2" on Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.12700012. These three datasets belong to a study about phylogenetics in the circumpolar <em>Silene uralensis</em> aggregate. </p> <div> <div> <div> </div> <div> <div> <div> </div> <div> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Supplementary Figure S1. Life on the edge: ecological genetics of a high arctic insect species and its circumpolar counterpart
<p>Pairwise comparisons of F<sub>ST</sub> values between the 38 samples of <em>A. brevicorne</em> (samples 1 to 9) and <em>A. svalbardicum</em> (10 to 38). F<sub>ST</sub> values in yellow= from 0 to 0.049, in pale orange = from 0.05 to 0.099, in dark orange = from 0.1 to 0.499, in red = above 0.5. Origins of samples are given in Table 1.</p>
Future decline of Antarctic Circumpolar Current model data and figures
<p>This upload contains all the post-processed files and code necessary to recreate the figures in the manuscript entitled "<em>Future decline of Antarctic Circumpolar Current due to polar ocean freshening</em>" by Sohail, Gayen and Klocker. </p>
Data from: Isopycnal mixing suppression by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation
The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Southern Ocean is investigated using hydrographic observations combined with satellite measurements of sea surface height. A three-dimensional (spatial and vertical) estimate of the isopycnal eddy diffusivity in the Southern Ocean is obtained using the theory of Ferrari and Nikurashin that includes the influence of suppression of the diffusivity by the strong, time-mean flows. It is found that the eddy diffusivity is enhanced at depth, reaching a maximum at the critical layer near 1000 m. The estimate of diffusivity is used with a simple diffusive parameterization to estimate the meridional eddy volume flux. This estimate of eddy volume flux is combined with an estimate of the Ekman transport to reconstruct the time-mean overturning circulation. By comparing the reconstruction with, and without, suppression of the eddy diffusivity by the mean flow, the influence of the suppression on the overturning is illuminated. It is shown that the suppression of the eddy diffusivity results in a large reduction of interior eddy transports and a more realistic eddy-induced overturning circulation. Finally, a simple conceptual model is used to show that the MOC is influenced not only by the existence of enhanced diffusivity at depth but also by the details of the vertical structure of the eddy diffusivity, such as the depth of the critical layer.
Data for: Molecular footprints of Quaternary climate fluctuations in the circumpolar tundra shrub dwarf birch
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Data from: Isopycnal mixing suppression by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation
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Data and code from: Opposite, but insufficient, phenological responses to climate in two circumpolar seabirds: relative roles of phenotypic plasticity and selection
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Along-shelf connectivity and circumpolar gene flow in Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica)
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