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82 results for “climate and heat”
Dwelling conversion and energy retrofit modify building anthropogenic heat emission under past and future climates: a case study of London terraced houses
<p>This archive includes the data used (e.g. Time use survey (UK-TUS) data), model files (idf files for running EnergyPlus) and codes for analysis in the paper (<a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114668" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114668</a>).</p> <p>Files in this archive should include:</p> <ul> <li>Time use survey data analysis</li> </ul> <p>o Main dataset: TUS_activity.zip</p> <p>o Code: TUS_clustering_code.zip</p> <p>o Output: InternalHeatProfile.zip</p> <ul> <li>Building energy modeling </li> </ul> <p>o Main dataset (run in EnergPlus 9.4): IDFfiles.zip</p> <p>o Output: Eplus_output.zip</p> <ul> <li>PostProcess analysis</li> </ul> <p>o Code: QF_analysis_code.zip</p> <p>o Output: QF_output.zip</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: this version currently only includes the outputs of all processes, the main dataset and code will be updated later.</p>
Data from: Heat tolerance variation reveals vulnerability of tropical herbivore-parasitoid interactions to climate change
<p>Assessing the heat tolerance (CTmax) of organisms is central to understand the impact of climate change on biodiversity. While both environment and evolutionary history affect CTmax, it is unclear how these factors and their interplay influence ecological interactions, communities, and ecosystems under climate change. We collected and reared caterpillars and parasitoids from canopy and ground layers in different seasons in a tropical rainforest. We tested the CTmax and Thermal Safety Margins (TSM) of these food webs with implications for how species interactions could shift under climate change. We identified strong influence of phylogeny in herbivore-parasitoid community heat tolerance. The TSM of all insects were narrower in the canopy and parasitoids had lower heat tolerance compared to their hosts. Our CTmax-based simulation showed higher herbivore-parasitoid food web instability under climate change than previously assumed, highlighting the vulnerability of parasitoids and related herbivore control in tropical rainforests, particularly in the forest canopy.</p>
Behavioral responses of a large, heat-sensitive mammal to climatic variation at multiple spatial scales
<p>1. Climate warming creates energetic challenges for endothermic species by increasing metabolic and hydric costs of thermoregulation. Although endotherms can invoke an array of behavioral and physiological strategies for maintaining homeostasis, the relative effectiveness of those strategies in a climate that is becoming both warmer and drier is not well understood.</p> <p>2. In accordance with the heat dissipation limit theory, which suggests that allocation of energy to growth and reproduction by endotherms is constrained by the ability to dissipate heat, we expected that patterns of habitat use by large, heat-sensitive mammals across multiple scales are critical for behavioral thermoregulation during periods of potential heat stress and that they must invest a large portion of time to maintain heat balance.</p> <p>3. To test our predictions, we evaluated mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of bed sites for ameliorating daytime heat loads and potential heat stress across the landscape while accounting for other factors known to affect behavior. We integrated detailed data on microclimate and animal attributes of moose <em>Alces</em> <em>alces</em>, into a biophysical model to quantify costs of thermoregulation at fine and coarse spatial scales.</p> <p>4. During summer, moose spent an average of 67.8% of daylight hours bedded, and selected bed sites and home ranges that reduced risk of experiencing heat stress. For most of the day, shade could effectively mitigate the risk of experiencing heat stress up to 10°C, but at warmer temperatures (up to 20℃) wet soil was necessary to maintain homeostasis via conductive heat loss. Consistent selection across spatial scales for locations that reduced heat load underscores the importance of the thermal environment as a driver of behavior in this heat-sensitive mammal.</p> <p>5. Moose in North America have long been characterized as riparian-obligate species because of their dependence on woody plant species for food. Nevertheless, the importance of dissipating endogenous heat loads conductively through wet soil suggests riparian habitats also are critical thermal refuges for moose. Such refuges may be especially important in the face of a warming climate in which both high environmental temperatures and drier conditions will likely exacerbate limits to heat dissipation, especially for large, heat-sensitive animals.</p>
WRF model configuration and data used for the NHESS manuscript "Heat wave characteristics: evaluation of regional climate model performances for Germany"
<p>The file contains:</p> <ul> <li>the namelist.input document with the description of the WRF model configuration used in Warscher et al. (2019)</li> <li>WRF simulation outputs from the reanalysis run: daily values of maximum temperature for the time period 1980-2009 from the innermost (5 km grid resolution) and second innermost (15 km) domain; from both domains the same section, relevant for the study, was taken; the data was bilineraily interpolated to 12.5 km horizontal grid resolution to match the EUR-11 CORDEX format</li> </ul>
Urban Heat: Forward-Looking Climate Modeling for Skopje, North Macedonia
<p>We produced actionable data on heat stress in cities to inform analysis and client dialogue on the part of World Bank teams. We applied an urban-scale climate modeling framework to generate datasets describing modeled heat stress exposure for present-day and future conditions under selected climate scenarios. The study domain focuses on Skopje, North Macedonia.</p> <p>More details about the dataset: </p> <ul> <li>The dataset includes calculations for each indicator across three scenarios (<strong>present, SSP1-1.9, SSP3-7.0</strong>) and three twenty-year periods (<strong>2001-2020, 2021-2040, and 2041-2060</strong>). The present period refers to 2001-2020, while the other two periods correspond to the two SSP scenarios.</li> <li>All indicators are available in both <strong>NetCDF</strong> and <strong>GeoTiff</strong> formats.</li> <li>The indicators are calculated at a resolution of <strong>100 m</strong>, consistent with the UrbClim and WBGT simulations. Additionally, downscaled versions of the indicators are provided at a resolution of <strong>30 m</strong>.</li> <li>The UrbClim and WBGT simulations, as well as the postprocessing, are conducted using the regional projection <strong>E</strong><strong>PSG 32634</strong>. The NetCDF and GeoTiff data also adopt this projection. Furthermore, a GeoTiff data file with <strong>EPSG 4326</strong> projection is included.</li> <li>All indicators are calculated as <strong>yearly averages</strong>. Some indicators also have additional calculations for <strong>seasonal averages</strong>, including Spring (MAM), Summer (JJA), Autumn (SON), and Winter (DJF).</li> <li>Ten representative locations within the study domain have been selected to retrieve the WBGT profile on a chosen date (2017-07-11). The results and the locations are stored in wbgt_profile.xlsx.</li> <li>Images for <strong>quick viewing</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>png</strong> format visualizing the results for each indicator. Present denotes the period 2001-2020; 2030 denotes the period 2021-2040; & 2050 denotes the period 2041-2060.</li> <li>The NetCDF and GeoTiff data can be found in the data.zip; The png files for quick viewing can be found in quickview.zip; more information about the dataset, including the methodology, all available data list, contact information, etc. can be found in the Technical_Annex_Skopje.docx</li> </ul>
Birds are better at regulating heat loss through their legs than their bills: Implications for body shape evolution in response to climate
Endotherms use their appendages – such as legs, tails, ears and bills – for thermoregulation by controlling blood flow to near-surface blood vessels, conserving heat when it is cold, and dissipating heat in hot conditions. Larger appendages allow greater heat dissipation, and appendage sizes vary latitudinally according to Allen's Rule. However, little is known about the relative importance of different appendages for thermoregulation. We investigate physiological control of heat loss via bird bills and legs using infra-red thermography of wild birds. Our results demonstrate that birds are less able to regulate heat loss via their bills than their legs. In cold conditions, birds lower their leg surface temperature to below that of their plumage surface, retaining heat at their core. In warm conditions, birds increase their leg surface temperature to above that of their plumage surface, expelling heat. In contrast, bill surface temperature remains ~2˚C warmer than the plumage surface, indicating consistent heat loss under almost all conditions. Poorer physiological control of heat loss via bird bills likely entails stronger selection for shorter bills in cold climates. This could explain why bird bills show stronger latitudinal size clines than bird legs, with implications for predicting shape-shifting responses to climate change.
Data for: Temperate and tropical lizards are vulnerable to climate warming due to increased water loss and heat stress
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Facultative polyandry under heat stress and the evolutionary potential for climate-driven shifts in mating systems
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Behavioral responses of a large, heat-sensitive mammal to climatic variation at multiple spatial scales
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Synchronization of seasonal acclimatization and short-term heat hardening improves physiological resilience in a changing climate
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Birds are better at regulating heat loss through their legs than their bills: Implications for body shape evolution in response to climate
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Heat alters diverse thermal tolerance mechanisms: an organismal framework for studying climate change effects in a wild bird
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Data from: Turning the tide: A 2°C increase in heat tolerance can halve climate change induced losses in four cold-adapted kelp species
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Data from: Heat tolerance variation reveals vulnerability of tropical herbivore-parasitoid interactions to climate change
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CESM1.2 simulation output for: The role of westerly wind bursts during different seasons versus ocean heat recharge in the development of extreme El Niño in a climate model
<p>This is the subset of CESM1.2 model simulation output that was used for analysis and visualization of Yu and Fedorov [2020] (DOI:10.1029/2020GL088381). Please refer to README for details.</p>
Data from : Environmental predictability drives adaptive within- and transgenerational plasticity of heat tolerance across life stages and climatic regions
<p>Although environmental variability and predictability have been proposed as the underlying ecological context in which transgenerational plasticity (<i>TGP</i>) arises, the adaptive significance and interaction with within-generation plasticity (<i>WGP</i>) in such scenarios is still poorly understood. In order to investigate these questions, we considered the tolerance to upper thermal limits of larvae and adults of the desert endemic <i>Drosophila mojavensis </i>adapted to different climatic regions (Desert vs Mediterranean climate). Thermal plasticity was investigated by acclimating parents and offspring at 36°C (versus at 25°C). We then used historical temperature variation data from both regions to perform individual-based simulations by modeling expected components of adaptive plasticity in multiple life stages. Thermal response to ramping heat shocks was more pronounced in larvae, where acclimation treatments in parents and offspring increased their heat-shock performance, while heat knockdown in adults was only increased by offspring acclimation of adults. The relative contribution of <i>WGP</i> and <i>TGP</i> was greater for the population from the more thermally variable Sonoran Desert. Similarly, individual-based simulations of evolving maternal effects indicated that variation in tolerance to upper thermal limits across life stages and climates is expected from its adaptive significance in response to environmental predictability. Our approach offers a new perspective and interpretation of adaptive plasticity, demonstrating that environmental predictability can drive thermal responses across generations and life stages in a scenario with regional climate variability.</p>
Data from: Transgenerational effects of mild heat in Arabidopsis thaliana show strong genotype specificity that is explained by climate at origin
Transgenerational environmental effects can trigger strong phenotypic variation. However, it is unclear how cues from different preceding generations interact. Also, little is known about genetic variation for these life-history-traits. Here we present effects of grandparental and parental mild heat, and their combination, on four traits of the third-generation phenotype of 14 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. We tested for correlations of these effects with climate and constructed a conceptual model to identify the environmental conditions that favour the parental effect on flowering time. We observed strong evidence for genotype-specific transgenerational effects. On average, A. thaliana accustomed to mild heat, producing more seeds after two generations. Parental effects overruled grandparental effects in all traits but reproductive biomass. Flowering was generally accelerated by all transgenerational effects. Notably, the parental effect triggered earliest flowering in genotypes adapted to dry summers. Accordingly, this parental effect was favoured in the model when early summer heat terminated the growing season and environments were correlated across generations. Our results suggest that A. thaliana can partly accustom to mild heat over two generations and genotype-specific parental effects show non-random evolutionary divergence across populations that may support climate change adaptation in the Mediterranean.
Data from: Microhabitat and body size effects on heat tolerance: implications for responses to climate change (army ants: Formicidae, Ecitoninae)
1. Models that predict organismal and population responses to climate change may be improved by considering ecological factors that affect species thermal tolerance. Species differences in microhabitat use can expose animals to diverse thermal selective environments at a given site and may cause sympatric species to evolve different thermal tolerances. 2. We tested the hypothesis that species differences in body size and microhabitat use (above- vs. below-ground activity) would correspond to differences in thermal tolerance (maximum critical temperatures: CTmax). Thermal buffering effects of soil can reduce exposure to extreme high temperatures for below-ground active species. We predicted larger-bodied individuals and species would have higher CTmax and that species mean CTmax would covary positively with degree of above-ground activity. We used Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Ecitoninae) as models. Army ants vary in microhabitat use from largely subterranean to largely above-ground active species and are highly size polymorphic. 3. We collected data on above- and below-ground temperatures in habitats used by army ants to test for microhabitat temperature differences, and we conducted CTmax assays for army ant species with varying degrees of surface activity and with different body sizes within and between species. We then tested whether microhabitat use was associated with species differences in CTmax and whether microhabitat was a better predictor of CTmax than body size for species that overlapped in size. 4. Microhabitat use was a highly significant predictor of species' upper thermal tolerance limits, both for raw data and after accounting for the effects of phylogeny. Below-ground species were more thermally sensitive, with lower maximum critical temperatures (CTmax). The smallest workers within each species were the least heat tolerant, but the magnitude of CTmax change with body size was greater in below-ground species. Species-typical microhabitat was a stronger predictor of CTmax than body size for species that overlapped in size. Compared to the soil surface, 10-cm subsoil was a significantly moderated thermal environment for below-ground army ants, while maximum surface raid temperatures sometimes exceeded CTmax for the most thermally sensitive army ant castes. 5. We conclude sympatric species differences in thermal physiology correspond to microhabitat use. These patterns should be accounted for in models of species and community responses to thermal variation and climate change.
Supporting data for climate-driven tree mortality and fuel aridity increase wildfire's potential sensible heat flux
<p><span>Wildfire is capable of rapidly releasing the energy stored in forests, with the amount of water in live and dead biomass acting as a regulator on the amount and rate of energy release. Here we used temperature and fuel moisture data to examine climate-driven changes in fuel moisture content over the past three decades. We then calculated the changes in energy release (energy release component and fire radiant energy) for two forests that experienced drought and bark beetle mortality and were subsequently burned by wildfires. We found that mortality transitioned substantial amounts of biomass from live to dead pools. Coupled with climate-driven decreases in fuel moisture content, this change in fuel availability increased the amount of energy that could be released during wildfire in these forests. Our results demonstrate that climate-driven tree mortality and fuel aridity may be increasing the amount of energy that is released during wildfire.</span></p>
Data Archive of 'Hadley Cell Edge Modulates the Role of Ekman Heat Flux in a Future Climate'
<p>Output data used to create figures in ' Hadley Cell Edge Modulates the Role of Ekman Heat Flux in a Future Climate ' is archived. Original data sources from which the output data are generated are Reanalysis Products (ERA5, JRA55, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis) and 8 CMIP6 model simulations.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.