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202 results for “climate projections”
Model projection of the effect of climate change and fishing pressure on key species of the South East Asia Seas
<p>The dataset contain Projection from the Size-Spectra Bioclimatic Envelop Model (SS-DBEM), this work was part of the GCRF Blue communities Programme (www.blue-communities.org). The model provides distribution and abundance and/or biomass of fish and other species of commercial interest under climate change and fishing pressure. The model outputs are yearly abundance/biomass on a 0.5-by-0.5 degree grid, covering the period from 2000 to 2098. Further description of the model and relevant references are listed in the following file: Guide-fish-model-output-use.docx</p> <p>The model was run under two climate scenario: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, with different combinations of fishing pressure expressed as the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for the following values: 0 (no fishing, climate change alone will cause variation in fish biomass), 1 (sustainable fishing), 2, 3 (overfishing), and, 4 (overfishing with destructive practice). The intent is not to reproduce current fishing level but to provide a range of scenarios with which the future of fisheries can be explored.</p> <p>We projected fish species that were identified as key in the South East Asia seas region by our regional partners.The full list is provided in document: Fish-list-modelguide.xlsx</p> <p>There are 4 zip files that contain the model outputs of in either abundance (number of fish) or biomass grams of fish) for the two climate scenario. For example Biomass-RCP45.zip will contain model outputs in biomass for projections under RCP4.5 and all MSY. within the zip files are .csv files of the outputs for each species under the 5 MSY (0 to 4), the individual file names identify the species (identified by a 6digit code), the output provided (abundance or biomass), the RCP (8.5 or 4.5), and the MSY (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4). For example the file labelled 600107-Abundance-rcp85-msy4.csv contains the outputs for species 600107 (Skipjack tuna, <em>Katsuwonnus pelamis</em>), as abundance, under RCP8.5 with MSY4. Headers indicate what is in each column (latitude, longitude and year).</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: some knowledge of Python, R, or a similar software is recommended to ensure easy of use.</p>
Model agreement and trend analysis data associated to the publication: "Impact of climate change on site characteristics of eight major astronomical observatories using high-resolution global climate projections until 2050"
<p>This dataset is associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Haslebacher, C., Demory, M.-E., Demory, B.-O., Sarazin, M., and Vidale, P. L., “Impact of climate change on site characteristics of eight major astronomical observatories using high-resolution global climate projections until 2050. Projected increase in temperature and humidity leads to poorer astronomical observing conditions”, <em>Astronomy and Astrophysics</em>, vol. 665, 2022. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142493.</p> <p>In the folder 'model_agreement', there are pickle files from which a python dictionary can be extracted with:</p> <pre><code>with open('mypklfile.pkl', 'rb') as myfile: dload = pickle.load(myfile)</code></pre> <p>Pickle files ending with '_d_obs_ERA5.pkl' contain in situ data and ERA5 data. Pickle files ending with 'd_model.pkl' contain PRIMAVERA model data. A few explanations:<br> - 'ds_sel': contains monthly timeseries of selected intersecting data<br> - 'ds_taylor': contains data used for the Taylor diagram (Figs. 4-10)<br> - 'ds_mean_month': contains seasonal cycle for plotting (Figs. 4-10)<br> - 'ds_mean_year': contains yearly timeseries for plotting (Figs. 4-10) </p> <p>The subfolder 'median_nc_u_v_t' contains NETCDF files with the median and interquartile range of the wind speed in u and v direction, the temperature and geopotential height. This was used for Figs. G1-G8 and to calculate the refractive index structure constant Cn2.</p> <p>The subfolder 'skill_score_classification' contains csv files with the sorted skill score classifications. The column headers are: model_name, skill score, correlation coefficient, standard deviation, centred root mean square error.</p> <p>The folder 'trend_analysis' contains for each variable csv files of ERA5 and PRIMAVERA monthly time series used for trend analysis, pdf files of analysis summaries, csv files of Bayesian analysis results and png files of longitude-latitude maps of trends (analysed with linear regression). Additionally, there is a csv file of averaged in situ pressures.</p> <p>Code that generated and used this data is available on github: <a href="https://github.com/CarolineHaslebacher/Astroclimate-future-project">https://github.com/CarolineHaslebacher/Astroclimate-future-project</a> </p> <p> </p>
Heatwaves characterization derived from observations and climate projections to assess thermal behavior of 7 European city-hubs: Milano, Athens, Logroño, Cork, Gdynia, Lillestrøm and Amsterdam (1981-2100)
<p>This dataset includes the processing results used to create the interactive climate service <a href="https://thermal-assessment.urban.tecnalia.dev/">Thermal Assessment Tool</a>. It provides frequency and severity of heatwaves under past, current and future climate conditions which allows to estimate the thermal behavior of regions and cities in Europe during episodes of extreme heat.</p> <p>A heatwave is typically defined as a “prolonged” period of “extremely high” temperature for a particular region or location. In REACHOUT, “prolonged” is defined by a period of two or more days and “extremely high” is determined per region when daily maximal temperature exceeds its threshold (95th percentile) and the daily minimum temperature exceeds its threshold (90th percentile). The percentiles were obtained considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures of the region during the summer season of the baseline period of 1981 to 2010.</p> <p>To provide homogeneous data for the whole EU, the input variables used to generate this dataset come from the public, independent and authoritative <a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> (C3S). For the observations the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/insitu-gridded-observations-europe?tab=overview">e-OBS</a> dataset is used and for the future projections the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> dataset. The intermediate (<strong>RCP4.5</strong>) and very high (<strong>RCP8.5</strong>) emissions scenarios were considered. All the data was downloaded from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Data Store</a> (CDS).</p> <p>The database is organized in three datasets:</p> <p>Regional_eobs_thresholds_Reachout.csv: contains the thresholds that were used to detect the heatwaves for each region. They were calculated considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season of the baseline period (1981-2010). The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: daily maximum temperature threshold.</li> <li><strong>tmin</strong>: daily minimum temperature threshold.</li> </ul> <p>Historical_eobs_heatwaves_Reachout.csv: heatwaves of the historical period (1981-2021) for each region. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>start</strong>: first date of the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: maximum temperature reached during the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>intensity</strong>: the sum of the degrees of the maximum and minimum temperatures over their corresponding thresholds.</li> <li><strong>duration</strong>: duration of the heatwave.</li> </ul> <p>Future_and_baseline_eobs_heatwaves_Reachout.csv: ensemble future projections of heatwaves. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>hazard_level</strong>: it can be a warning, an alert or an alarm.</li> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>experiment</strong>: emission scenario. It can be baseline, rcp-4-5 or rcp-8-5.</li> <li><strong>period</strong>: it can be 1981-2010 for the baseline or 2011-2040, 2021-2050, 2031-2060, 2041-2070, 2051-2080, 2061-2090 or 2071-2100 for the future.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency</strong>: decade mean frequency. In the case of the future this is the ensemble of the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_best</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the best projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_worst</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the worst projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>year_days</strong>: average annual days.</li> <li><strong>year_tmax_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the maximum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> <li><strong>year_tmin_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the minimum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> </ul>
Heatwaves characterization derived from reanalysis and climate projections to assess thermal behavior of regions in Europe (1981-2100)
<p>This dataset provides frequency and severity of heatwaves under past, current and future climate conditions which allows to estimate the thermal behavior of regions in Europe during episodes of extreme heat.</p> <p>A heatwave is typically defined as a “prolonged” period of “extremely high” temperature for a particular region or location. In REACHOUT, “prolonged” is defined by a period of two or more days and “extremely high” is determined per region when daily maximal temperature exceeds its threshold (95th percentile) and the daily minimum temperature exceeds its threshold (90th percentile). The percentiles were obtained considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures of the region during the summer season of the baseline period of 1981 to 2010.</p> <p>To provide homogeneous data for the whole EU, the input variables used to generate this dataset come from the public, independent and authoritative <a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> (C3S). For the reanalysis the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview">ERA5-Land</a> dataset is used and for the future projections the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> dataset. The intermediate (<strong>RCP4.5</strong>) and very high (<strong>RCP8.5</strong>) emissions scenarios were considered. All the data was downloaded from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Data Store</a> (CDS).</p> <p>The database is organized in three datasets:</p> <p>Regional_era5land_thresholds_Europe.csv: contains the thresholds that were used to detect the heatwaves for each region. They were calculated considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season of the baseline period (1981-2010). The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: daily maximum temperature threshold.</li> <li><strong>tmin</strong>: daily minimum temperature threshold.</li> </ul> <p>Historical_era5land_heatwaves_Europe.csv: heatwaves of the historical period (1981-2021) for each region. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>start</strong>: first date of the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: maximum temperature reached during the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>intensity</strong>: the sum of the degrees of the maximum and minimum temperatures over their corresponding thresholds.</li> <li><strong>duration</strong>: duration of the heatwave.</li> </ul> <p>Future_and_baseline_era5land_heatwaves_Europe.csv: ensemble future projections of heatwaves. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>hazard_level</strong>: it can be a warning, an alert or an alarm.</li> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>experiment</strong>: emission scenario. It can be baseline, rcp-4-5 or rcp-8-5.</li> <li><strong>period</strong>: it can be 1981-2010 for the baseline or 2011-2040, 2021-2050, 2031-2060, 2041-2070, 2051-2080, 2061-2090 or 2071-2100 for the future.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency</strong>: decade mean frequency. In the case of the future this is the ensemble of the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_best</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the best projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_worst</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the worst projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>year_days</strong>: average annual days.</li> <li><strong>year_tmax_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the maximum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> <li><strong>year_tmin_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the minimum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Heatwaves characterization derived from observations and climate projections to assess thermal behavior of regions in Europe (1981-2100)
<p>This dataset provides frequency and severity of heatwaves under past, current and future climate conditions which allows to estimate the thermal behavior of regions in Europe during episodes of extreme heat.</p> <p>A heatwave is typically defined as a “prolonged” period of “extremely high” temperature for a particular region or location. In REACHOUT, “prolonged” is defined by a period of two or more days and “extremely high” is determined per region when daily maximal temperature exceeds its threshold (95th percentile) and the daily minimum temperature exceeds its threshold (90th percentile). The percentiles were obtained considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures of the region during the summer season of the baseline period of 1981 to 2010.</p> <p>To provide homogeneous data for the whole EU, the input variables used to generate this dataset come from the public, independent and authoritative <a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> (C3S). For the observations the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/insitu-gridded-observations-europe?tab=overview">e-OBS</a> dataset is used and for the future projections the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> dataset. The intermediate (<strong>RCP4.5</strong>) and very high (<strong>RCP8.5</strong>) emissions scenarios were considered. All the data was downloaded from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Data Store</a> (CDS).</p> <p>The database is organized in three datasets:</p> <p>Regional_eobs_thresholds_Europe.csv: contains the thresholds that were used to detect the heatwaves for each region. They were calculated considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season of the baseline period (1981-2010). The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: daily maximum temperature threshold.</li> <li><strong>tmin</strong>: daily minimum temperature threshold.</li> </ul> <p>Historical_eobs_heatwaves_Europe.csv: heatwaves of the historical period (1981-2021) for each region. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>start</strong>: first date of the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: maximum temperature reached during the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>intensity</strong>: the sum of the degrees of the maximum and minimum temperatures over their corresponding thresholds.</li> <li><strong>duration</strong>: duration of the heatwave.</li> </ul> <p>Future_and_baseline_eobs_heatwaves_Europe.csv: ensemble future projections of heatwaves. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>hazard_level</strong>: it can be a warning, an alert or an alarm.</li> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>experiment</strong>: emission scenario. It can be baseline, rcp-4-5 or rcp-8-5.</li> <li><strong>period</strong>: it can be 1981-2010 for the baseline or 2011-2040, 2021-2050, 2031-2060, 2041-2070, 2051-2080, 2061-2090 or 2071-2100 for the future.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency</strong>: decade mean frequency. In the case of the future this is the ensemble of the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_best</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the best projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_worst</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the worst projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>year_days</strong>: average annual days.</li> <li><strong>year_tmax_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the maximum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> <li><strong>year_tmin_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the minimum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Heatwaves characterization derived from reanalysis and climate projections to assess thermal behavior of 7 European city-hubs: Milano, Athens, Logroño, Cork, Gdynia, Lillestrøm and Amsterdam (1981-2100)
<p>This dataset includes the processing results used to create the interactive climate service <a href="https://thermal-assessment.urban.tecnalia.dev/">Thermal Assessment Tool</a>. It provides frequency and severity of heatwaves under past, current and future climate conditions which allows to estimate the thermal behavior of regions and cities in Europe during episodes of extreme heat.</p> <p>A heatwave is typically defined as a “prolonged” period of “extremely high” temperature for a particular region or location. In REACHOUT, “prolonged” is defined by a period of two or more days and “extremely high” is determined per region when daily maximal temperature exceeds its threshold (95th percentile) and the daily minimum temperature exceeds its threshold (90th percentile). The percentiles were obtained considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures of the region during the summer season of the baseline period of 1981 to 2010.</p> <p>To provide homogeneous data for the whole EU, the input variables used to generate this dataset come from the public, independent and authoritative <a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> (C3S). For the reanalysis the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview">ERA5-Land</a> dataset is used and for the future projections the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> dataset. The intermediate (<strong>RCP4.5</strong>) and very high (<strong>RCP8.5</strong>) emissions scenarios were considered. All the data was downloaded from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Data Store</a> (CDS).</p> <p>The database is organized in three datasets:</p> <p>Regional_era5land_thresholds_Reachout.csv: contains the thresholds that were used to detect the heatwaves for each region. They were calculated considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season of the baseline period (1981-2010). The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: daily maximum temperature threshold.</li> <li><strong>tmin</strong>: daily minimum temperature threshold.</li> </ul> <p>Historical_era5land_heatwaves_Reachout.csv: heatwaves of the historical period (1981-2021) for each region. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>start</strong>: first date of the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: maximum temperature reached during the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>intensity</strong>: the sum of the degrees of the maximum and minimum temperatures over their corresponding thresholds.</li> <li><strong>duration</strong>: duration of the heatwave.</li> </ul> <p>Future_and_baseline_era5land_heatwaves_Reachout.csv: ensemble future projections of heatwaves. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>hazard_level</strong>: it can be a warning, an alert or an alarm.</li> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>experiment</strong>: emission scenario. It can be baseline, rcp-4-5 or rcp-8-5.</li> <li><strong>period</strong>: it can be 1981-2010 for the baseline or 2011-2040, 2021-2050, 2031-2060, 2041-2070, 2051-2080, 2061-2090 or 2071-2100 for the future.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency</strong>: decade mean frequency. In the case of the future this is the ensemble of the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_best</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the best projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_worst</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the worst projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>year_days</strong>: average annual days.</li> <li><strong>year_tmax_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the maximum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> <li><strong>year_tmin_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the minimum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> </ul>
Dataset for "Future projections for the Antarctic ice sheet until the year 2300 with a climate-index method"
<p>Dataset for the paper "Future projections for the Antarctic ice sheet until the year 2300 with a climate-index method" (Journal of Glaciology, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.41">doi: 10.1017/jog.2023.41</a>).</p> <p>Please see the README for details.</p> <p>V1.1: Run-specs header files for SICOPOLIS added. README updated.<br>V1: Initial upload.</p> <p>* * * * * * *</p> <p>Users should cite the original publication when using all or parts of these data.</p>
AdriSC Climate Model Data - For the article: Projecting expected growth period of bivalves in a coastal temperate sea
<p>The recent implementation, development and successful runs of the kilometer-scale atmosphere-ocean Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) climate model for the historical period of 1987-2017 and for an extreme climate projection (RCP 8.5) for the 2070-2100 period, have provided the necessary dataset to better understand the potential impact of climate change within the Adriatic basin. Here, temperature, salinity and ocean currents were extracted and formatted from the AdriSC ocean model at 1 km resolution. This dataset was then used to reproduce in the past (1987-2017 period) and project in the future (2070-2100 period) the expected growth of five bivalve species in the northern Adriatic Sea at two different locations: Barbariga and along the western coast of Istria. </p> <p> </p>
Selected near-bottom and other variables from NW European shelf physics-biogeochemistry downscaled ocean climate projections, 3-member ensemble.
<p>Selected fields of physical and biogeochemical ocean variables from a 3-member ensemble of coupled physics-biogeochemistry downscaled climate runs on the North Western European Continental Shelf. All ensemble members use the NEMO-ERSEM model suite and cover the 1990-2099 period. Easch member is foced with a different set of atmospheric and oceanic boundary conditions from one of three CMIP5 ESMs that are: HADGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-MR and GFDL-ESM2G. This dataset contains monthly average values saved as 2D fields either near-bottom, at the surface or depth integrated. The variables here saved are near-bottom oxygen, oxygen solubility, oxygen saturation state, temperature and bacterial respiration, surface salinity, depth integrated net primary production, and potential energy anomaly. Additionally the Western Norwegian Trench Current flux is provided (its values come smoothed with a gaussian filter). reference publication: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1049. The complete set of variables is available from the authors upon request.</p>
Projected climate and canopy change lead to thermophilization and homogenization of forest floor vegetation in a hotspot of plant species richness, Berchtesgaden National Park, Bavaria, Germany
Mountain forests are plant diversity hotspots, but changing climate and increasing forest disturbances will likely lead to far-reaching plant community change. Projecting future change, however, is challenging for forest understory plants, which respond to forest structure and composition as well as climate. Here, we jointly assessed effects of both climate and forest change, including wind and bark beetle disturbances, using the process-based simulation model iLand in a protected landscape in the northern Alps (Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany), asking: (1) How do understory plant communities respond to 21st-century change in a topographically complex mountain landscape, representing a hotspot of plant species richness? (2) How important are climatic changes (i.e., direct climate effects) versus forest structure and composition changes (i.e., indirect climate effects and recovery from past land use) in driving understory responses at landscape scales? Stacked individual species distribution models fit with climate, forest, and soil predictors (248 species currently present in the landscape, derived from 150 field plots stratified by elevation and forest development, overall AUC = 0.86) were driven with projected climate (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and modeled forest variables to predict plant community change. Nearly all species persisted in the landscape in 2050, but on average 8% of the species pool was lost by the end of the century. By 2100, landscape mean species richness and understory cover declined (-13% and -8%, respectively), warm-adapted species increasingly dominated plant communities (i.e., thermophilization, +12%), and plot-level turnover was high (62%). Subalpine forests experienced the greatest richness declines (-16%), most thermophilization (+17%), and highest turnover (67%), resulting in plant community homogenization across elevation zones. Climate rather than forest change was the dominant driver of understory responses. The magnitude of unabated 2
Climate station measurements from 5 Hillslope Project sites located in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
The hillslope study was established to directly link land use impacts to streamwater quality in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Nine sites were selected in the Little Tennessee River watershed in Macon County, NC, representing four land use types: forest, mountain development, traditional valley, and large river valley. At five of the nine sites, a climate station was installed that measured air temperature, wind speed and direction, Relative Humidity, and Solar Radiation. Dew point, Wind Chill, and Heat index were also calculated based on these measurements. Sensor output was measured every minute and output as averages or totals every hour.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: In-situ Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification measurements for 4 winter climate change projects
These data are from four separate projects undertaken between 1997 and 2017. The first of these are two snow manipulation (freeze) projects: 1) In 1997, as part of a study of the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling, we established eight 10 x 10-m plots located within four stands; two dominated (80%) by sugar maple (SM1 and SM2) and two dominated by yellow birch(YB1 and YB2), with one snow reduction (shoveling) and one reference plot in each stand. 2) In 2001, we established eight new 10-m x 10-m plots (4 treatment, 4 reference) in four new sites; two high elevation, north facing and (East Kineo and West Kineo) two low elevation, south facing (Upper Valley and Lower Valley) maple-beech-birch stands. To establish plots, we cleared minor amounts of understory vegetation from all (both treatment and reference) plots (to facilitate shoveling). Treatments (keeping plots snow free by shoveling through the end of January) were applied in the winters of 1997/98, 1998/99, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004. The Climate Gradient Project was established in October 2010. Here we evaluated relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling along an elevation/aspect gradient that created variation in climate with little variation in soils or vegetation. We established 6 20 x 20-m plots (intensive plots) and 14 10 x 10-m plots (extensive plots), with eight of the plots facing north and twelve facing south. The Ice Storm project was designed to evaluate the damage and changes ice storms cause to northern hardwood forests in forest structure, nutrient cycling and carbon storage. Ten 20x30 meter plots were established in a predominately sugar maple stand, with 4 icing treatments and 2 control plots. The treatments are as follows: Low (0.25"), Mid (0.5"), Midx2 (0.5") 2 Years in a row, High: (0.75"), Control. The icing treatment was conducted in the winter of 2015-2016, with a second year of icing on the Midx2 treatments plots in the winter of 20
Reanalysis and future wave climate projections of the wave climate of the Gulf of Riga 1993-2100
<h4><strong>Data sets</strong></h4><p>There are two data sets: (1) reanalysis (1993-2021) and (2) future projection (2015-2100).</p><p>The dataset provides gridded monthly mean values of the parameters of the wind waves in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea. The variables of the dataset of the wave field state of the Gulf of Riga are as follows (Long name: <i>acronym</i>, <i>units</i>) </p><ul><li>Mean wave direction: <i>VMDR_WW, </i>°</li><li>Spectral significant wave height: <i>VHM0_WW, m</i></li><li>Spectral moment (0,1) of wave period or mean wave period: <i>VTM01_WW, s</i></li><li>Eastward wave energy flux: <i>WWEFu, W/m</i></li><li>Northward wave energy flux: <i>WWEFv, W/m</i></li></ul><p> </p><p>The grid size of the dataset is 101 (latitude) x 93 (longitude). The horizontal grid spacing is 1 nm. The time resolution of the dataset is monthly – the monthly mean value is provided in the 1st day of the month in the time dimension.</p><p>The original climatic calculations are based on the University of Latvia (UL) set-up of the SWAN model for the Gulf of Riga. The original output of the model run is hourly data series. </p><h4><strong>Reanalysis</strong></h4><p>Time period: 1993-2021, 29 years.</p><p>The main characteristics of the input data and approach for the reanalysis run are as follows: </p><ul><li>EMODNET2020 bathymetry.</li><li>Atmospheric forcing (eastward and northward components of the near surface wind) – ERA5 meteorology.</li><li>Ice conditions – LU HBM, see Frishfelds et. al. 2023.</li><li>Boundary conditions – Baltic Sea Wave Hindcast.</li></ul><h4><strong>Future climate projection</strong></h4><p>Time period: 2015-2100, 86 years.</p><p>The main characteristics of the input data and approach for the future wave climate projections run are as follows: </p><ul><li>Emodnet2020 bathymetry.</li><li>Atmospheric forcing (eastward and northward components of the near surface wind) from downscaled CMIP6 climate projection model NorESM2-MM_ssp585_r1i1p1f1 (search string – project:'CMIP6', source_id:'NorESM2-MM', experiment_id:'ssp585', variant_label:'r1i1p1f1').</li><li>Ice conditions – LU HBM, see Frishfelds et. al. 2023. </li><li>Boundary conditions – fetch model according to Shore protection manual, 1984.</li></ul><h4><strong>References</strong></h4><p>Frishfelds, V., Cepīte-Frišfelde, D., Timuhins, A., Bethers, U., Sennikovs, J., Reanalysis and future climate projections of the physical state of the Gulf of Riga 1993-2100, Zenodo, <a href="https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.8248942">10.5281/zenodo.8248942</a>, (2023).</p><p>Baltic Sea Wave Hindcast. E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS). Marine Data Store (MDS). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00014">https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00014</a>.</p><p>Shore protection manual, Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC), (1984).</p>
Code and data for publication "Assessing carbon cycle projections from complex and simple models under SSP scenarios" published in "Climatic Change"
<p>Data and scripts for the article "Assessing carbon cycle projections from complex and simple models under SSP scenarios" by I. Melnikova, P. Ciais, O. Boucher and K. Tanaka was accepted for publication in Climatic Change (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-023-03639-5)</p><p> </p><p>We use bash, CDO, and python.</p><p>SSP2.xlsx contains preprocessed annual estimates of climate and carbon cycle variables from ESMs and SCMs used in the paper.</p><p>Two bash scripts contain preprocessing cdo commands for ESM output.s SCMs were preprocessed directly in python.</p><p>Jupyter notebook (python) contains preprocessing of data and plotting of all figures of the manuscript. The folder "additional" contains some more Excel files needed to run Jupyter-Notebook. Please adapt the folder names.</p><p>If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author Irina MELNIKOVA at melnikova . irina@nies.go.jp</p><p> </p>
Projected trophic changes in species-carrying capacities under climate change scenarios
<p>Climate controls the amount of energy available for plants, which in turn determines the quantity of resources available for animals. It follows that when climate changes, so should trophic communities. Using a novel modeling approach, we investigate how bird and mammal trophic communities might disassemble and reassemble under 21<sup>st</sup> century climate changes. We show that trophic structures are expected to undergo profound changes globally, chiefly in the tropics and across high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. This trophic reorganization of communities is characterized by shifts in species richness within trophic guilds. While some guilds might face population collapses, others are projected to find new opportunities to maintain stable populations in previously inhospitable areas. The proposed models offer a tool for projecting and understanding the trophic ramifications of climate change, highlighting their potential in guiding future research and conservation efforts.</p>
Literature review of the enablers and barriers to stakeholder and citizen engagement in climate change adaptation process (as part of Adaptation AGORA project)
<p>This dataset is the result of collaborative work for Deliverable 4.1 (WP4; T4.1) of the Adaptation AGORA project. This database was used to conduct a literature review of the enablers and barriers to stakeholder and citizen engagement in climate change adaptation process. It contains 123 papers retrived from Web of Science Databse in June 2023. <span>We used a keyword search to identify and select articles that fell within the scope of our research, with each article containing at least one keyword related to climate change adaptation solutions, climate change, co-production, citizen and stakeholder involvement and factors (enablers and barriers). </span></p> <p><span>We divided the coding framework into four main sections:</span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span>Section 1 collected basic information about the paper (i.e., date, journal, authors, type of study and methods for data collection). </span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>Section 2 sought to better understand the adaptation initiatives treated in the paper. Here, we analysed 5 variables (the adaptation solutions type, sectors, benefits, scale, and location). </span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>Section 3 collected characteristics of the climate change adaptation co-production process, including the definition of co-production, the type of the co-production process, its outputs, and the methods used to engage stakeholders. </span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>Section 4 described the factors that enable or hinder the co-production process and their influence on different aspects of the process. After naming and defining each driver, we recorded the main type of factor, its impact, origin, and spatial and temporal scale of influence; the stakeholders who were responsible for and influenced by the factor, and the impacts on the various steps and outcomes of the co-production process.</span></p> <span> </span></li> </ul>
Summer Rainfall Scenarios and Climate Change Factor Projections over Wanzhou County, China
<p>This dataset consists of rainfall scenarios and ensemble projections of extreme daily rainfall and mean summer season rainfall over Wanzhou County, China.</p> <p><strong>Precipitation Reference Period (1979-2018)</strong></p> <p>The reference scenario rainfall covers the period of 1979-2018, and is derived from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/data/8028b944-daaa-4511-8769-965612652c49/). The extreme daily rainfall (in mm/day) is derived from Gumbel distributions fitted to monthly maximum daily rainfall covering the months of June to August. A spatial distribution of return periods from 2, 5, 10 20, 50 and 100 years for this scenario were derived and included in this dataset. The mean seasonal rainfall scenario covers the average daily rainfall (in mm/day) for the months of May to July to represent antecedent rainfall conditions of that could trigger shallow landslides during the summer season.</p> <ul> <li>Spatial extent: Wanzhou County, China</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees</li> <li>Time period: 1979-2018</li> <li>Data Format: .csv files (.xyz file extensions)</li> <li>Variable: Rainfall (pr)</li> <li>Units: mm/day </li> </ul> <p><strong>Ensemble Projections and Climate Change Factors</strong></p> <p>The ensemble climate change projections cover two periods: Mid-21st Century (2021-2060) and Late-21st Century (2061-2100). The influence of climate change is assessed through climate change factors that represent a multiplicative factor of change between present and future climate model outputs. The ensemble projections are the mean climate change factor derived from four bias-corrected Regional Climate Model outputs. The ensemble consisted of the results REMO2015 and RegCM4 models that dynamically downscaled HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-ML, and MPI-ESM-MR model outputs (https://esgf-data.dkrz.de/search/cordex-dkrz/). The bias correction was performed using the quantile delta method. An empirical transfer function for daily rainfall was used to derive the mean seasonal rainfall scenario, while a parametric (Gumbel distribution) transfer function was used to derive on the monthly maxima for the extreme daily rainfall scenarios.</p> <ul> <li>Spatial extent: Wanzhou County, China</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.22 degrees x 0.22 degrees</li> <li>Time periods: Mid-21st Century (2021-2060) & Late-21st Century (2061-2100)</li> <li>Data Format: .csv files</li> <li>Variable: Climate Change Factor (ccf)</li> <li>Unit: Dimensionless</li> <li>Included ensemble projection statistics: <ul> <li>Standard deviation (sd)</li> <li>Coefficient of Variation (cv)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Fig. 4. The potential distribution map for B. bombina under projected 2050 in Long-Term Bioclimatic Modelling The Distribution Of The Fire-Bellied Toad, Bombina Bombina (Anura, Bombinatoridae), Under The Influence Of Global Climate Change
Fig. 4. The potential distribution map for B. bombina under projected 2050 climatic conditions. The colour gradient represents high (red) to low (green) habitat suitability for the species.
All-India district-scale climate projections for current (2006-2015), mid-century (2041-50), and end-century (2091-2100) periods
<ol> <li>This dataset contains monthly mean data for 10 meteorological variables for each district of India for current, mid-century, and end-century periods for all the districts of India. </li> <li>To generate this data, we first dynamically downscaled the CMIP5 CESM RCP8.5 projections over India for the Current (2006-2015), Mid-Century (2041-50), and End-Century (2091-2100) periods using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to 10 km resolution. The 30 years of data are archived in the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ (Barik et al. 2021 and 2022). Next, we processed the 10-km gridded downscaled data to calculate the monthly climatological mean by averaging over 10 years for each of the 3 periods. Finally, the monthly climatological means were processed in ArcGIS to develop the district scale datasets.</li> </ol>
CRISI-ADAPT II: free downscaled climate projection layers
<p>CRISI-ADAPT II project had as one of its main purposes to develop coherent, reliable and usable downscaled climate projections from the last CMIP6 in order to construct the basis for efficient support to climate adaptation and decision making of the related stakeholders. These projections were obtained with also the purpose to be freely available for further use in subsequent studies and, hence, foster adaptation to climate change in more areas.</p> <p>For further details, find here a brief of the methodology followed:</p> <p> </p> <p><strong> Methodology</strong></p> <p>Information provided by 10 models belonging to CMIP6 have been included. Each model has a historical archive, from 01/01/1950 to 31/12/2014 and 4 future scenarios (ssp126, ssp245, ssp370 and ssp585) ranging from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2100. The relation of the selected models is detailed in the next Table: </p> <p><em>Table. Information about the ten climate models belonging to the 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) corresponding to the sixth report of the IPCC. Models were supplied by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) archives. </em></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>CMPI6 MODELS</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Resolution</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Responsible Centre</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p><strong>References</strong> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>BCC-CSM2-MR</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,125º x 1,121º </p> </td> <td> <p>Beijing Climate Center (BCC), China Meteorological Administration, China. </p> </td> <td> <p>Wu, T. et al. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>CanESM5</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>2,812º x 2,790º </p> </td> <td> <p>Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CC-CMA), Canadá. </p> </td> <td> <p>Swart, N.C. et al. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>CNRM-ESM2-1</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,406º x 1,401º </p> </td> <td> <p>CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques), Meteo-France, Francia. </p> </td> <td> <p>Seferian, R. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>EC-EARTH3</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>0,703º x 0,702º </p> </td> <td> <p>EC-EARTH Consortium </p> </td> <td> <p>EC-Earth Consortium. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>GFDL-ESM4</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,250º x 1,000º </p> </td> <td> <p>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), E.E.U.U. </p> </td> <td> <p>Krasting, J.P. et al. (2018) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>MPI-ESM1-2-HR</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>0,938º x 0,935º </p> </td> <td> <p>Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Germany. </p> </td> <td> <p>Von Storch, J. et al. (2017) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>MRI-ESM2-0</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,125º x 1,121º </p> </td> <td> <p>Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Japan. </p> </td> <td> <p>Yukimoto, S. et al. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>UKESM1-0-LL</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,875º x 1,250º </p> </td> <td> <p>Uk Met Office, Hadley Centre, United Kingdom </p> </td> <td> <p>Good, P. et al. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>NorESM2-MM</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,250º x 0,942º </p> </td> <td> <p>Norwegian Climate Centre (NCC), Norway. </p> </td> <td> <p>Bentsen, M. et al. (2019) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>ACCESS-ESM1-5</strong> </p> </td> <td> <p>1,875º x 1,250º </p> </td> <td> <p>Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS), Australia </p> </td> <td> <p>Ziehn, T. et al. (2019)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Since the case studies are distributed among Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta and Cyprus, a grid covering the whole Mediterranean area, between latitudes 30°N and 50°N and longitudes between 15°W and 40°E, has been chosen for the study. The atmospheric variables available from CMIP6 are wind, temperature, humidity and rainfall at a daily timescale and sea level rise at a monthly timescale. However, it is possible simulate sub-daily rainfall (e.g. for the sector of Flooding and Emergency Response) thanks to the index-n method (Monjo <em>et al.</em> 2016). Other variables such as fog and wave height requires to be obtained from model post-processing. </p> <p>In addition to these models, information has also been combined to the ERA5-LAND, which has a resolution of 0.07°×0.07°. For each climate variable simulated by the CMIP6 models, a statistical downscaling was applied according to seven steps: </p> <ol> <li> <p>Firstly, as a reference field, a purely geo-statistical downscaling of the original Era5-Land grid (0.07°×0.07°) was performed for each variable to a 1km×1km grid, using linear stepwise regression with topological and geographical parameters (altitude, latitude, longitude and distance to the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea), and bilinear model for the residual errors. </p> </li> <li>For all models and their corresponding scenarios, the average values for the study area have been calculated for the periods 1981-2010, 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 and their rate of variation between the periods 2071-2100 and 2021-2050. </li> <li> <p>The model scenario with the highest rate of variation and the model scenario with the lowest rate of variation have been chosen to range future variations of the variables. Quantiles 90th, 50th and 10th scenarios have been called Upper, Medium and Lower, respectively. </p> </li> <li>For these scenarios, Upper, Medium and Lower, the empirical values corresponding to the return periods of 5, 10, 20 and 30 years for the periods 1981-2010, 2021-2050, 2046-2075 and 2071-2100 have been calculated for each grid point in the model. </li> <li> <p>Once the above results were obtained, an interpolation to a grid of 1km×1km was performed using the bilinear method. </p> </li> <li>Then, the increment or difference with respect to the same return periods of the period 1981-2010 has been calculated for each period of 30 years (2021-2050, 2046-2075 and 2071-2100) and for each return period. Relative increment (instead of absolute increment) was considered for some variable such as precipitation and wind. </li> <li> <p>Finally, the absolute o relative increment of each scenario and return period (step 6) was added to the reference values of each variable (step 1), obtaining climate scenarios in a 1km×1km grid (see for instance Figure 8). This entire process, applied to return-period values, is an empirical quantile mapping by increment from reanalysis (Monjo et al. 2013). </p> </li> </ol>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.