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70 results for “clumped”
A Theoretical Window into the Wind Clumping Properties of Magnetic Hot Star Winds
<p>Winds from hot, massive OB stars are driven by scattering and absorption of the stellar radiation by spectral lines. The standard line-driven wind theory of CAK predicts a smooth, steady outflow but neglects a strong radiation instability, resulting in strong shocks and a highly structured, clumped wind. Treating clumping arising from this line-deshadowing instability (LDI) is of key importance in accurately interpreting observed spectral diagnostics of massive star winds. Indeed, if not correctly accounted for, such wind clumping may lead to quite dramatic errors in inferred mass-loss properties and to correspondingly large errors in massive-star evolution predictions. So far theory and observation of the LDI have only investigated wind clumping for non-magnetic OB stars. Meanwhile, quantitative wind clumping behaviour for magnetic massive stars has not been established. However, by now there is ample evidence from spectropolarimetric surveys that a subset of OB stars in our Galaxy possesses strong, global surface magnetic fields believed to be of primordial origin. This magnetic field leads to a quenching of mass loss and can significantly alter stellar evolution, with speculations that it may even lead to formation of high stellar mass black holes. Such mass-loss rates have up until now relied on smooth wind predictions, hence do not take into account the intrinsic clumpy structures. In this contribution I present the first results of 2D numerical simulations on magnetic LDI winds that self-consistently predict the wind clumping phenomenon. I show the possible pathways to structure formation and discuss this in light of our recently carried out analytical perturbation analysis. Finally, I discuss the resulting wind clumping properties and the possible effects on observational diagnostics.</p>
Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e).
Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j).
Supplement to "Transient Corotating Clumps Around Adolescent Low-Mass Stars From Four Years of TESS"
<p>This repository contains supplementary materials for the paper "Transient Corotating Clumps Around Adolescent Low-Mass Stars From Four Years of TESS", which will be submitted to the AAS journals in 2023.</p> <p><em>fig3_validation_plots.tar.gz</em> is a supplement to Figure 3 of the manuscript, and contains 240 pdf files for the 66 stars of interest.<br> <em>table1_MRT.csv</em> is a pipe-separated CSV version of Table 1 with all useful columns.<br> <em>table1_README.txt</em> is a README describing the columns in table1_MRT.csv and table1_short.csv.<br> <em>table1_short.csv</em> is a truncated version of <em>table_MRT.csv </em>with the columns displayed in the manuscript.</p>
Clumped-isotope constraint on upper-tropospheric cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary Data to Dual clumped isotope thermometry resolves kinetic biases in carbonate formation temperatures
<p>In this dataset, we provide analytical and model data to <em>Dual clumped isotope thermometry resolves kinetic biases in carbonate formation temperatures</em> by Bajnai et al. (2020). Also deposited here is the R code that we used to calculate the equations and generate the figures in the manuscript.</p>
Grain size and clay mineralogy data of the Esplugafreda sequence (Spain) with stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of soil carbonates
<p>This datasets contains 1) grain size distribution data of mudstone paleosols of the Esplugafreda sequence (Esplugafreda and Claret Formations) measured by laser diffraction, and 2) clay mineralogy measured by powder X-ray diffraction, as well as 3) stable carbon, oxygen and clumped (D47) isotope compositions of soil carbonates. The Esplugafreda sequence is found in the Tremp-Graus Basin in the southern forefront of the Pyrenees and consists of continental sediments formed in a coastal alluvial setting during the late Paleocene and early Eocene.</p> <p>In addition, a proxy dataset of late Paleocene and PETM continental temperatures of the northern hemisphere is also included.</p>
Meterological and stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of land snails Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus from Europe
<p>These data include site information and collection dates of land snails (Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus), meteorological data of collection sites of molluscs derived using the ClimateEU software, as well as carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope compositions of snail shells of the mentioned three species from culturing experiments and natural populations across Europe. During the laboratory experiments individuals of the three species were kept at 12, 18 and 24 Celsius temperatures in climate chambers, fed exclusively by fresh lettuce and humidity was controlled using tap water (d18O: -9.29+-0.52 permil, V-SMOW). d13C, 18O and D47 values of snail shells from lab experiments and field-collections were determined in two laboratories (Isnt. for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, and Geological Institute, ETH Zürich) using IRMS. Detailed analysis and interpretations of the results obtained can be read in the original publication. </p>
Supporting Information for "Wave heating during the helium flash and lithium-enhanced clump stars"
<p>"data" contains the data used to generate the plots in this paper.</p> <p>"batches" contains a log of nearly every MESA run performed in this work (including ~all failed experiments). These are stored as Python3 Pickle files. Experiments were run using the RemoteExperiments software package (https://github.com/adamjermyn/remote_experiments). See the documentation there for further information on the data format for these files.</p> <p>"Stokes_Experiments" contains a git repository which includes both the final version of the code used in our canonical run as well as the full history of (nearly) all experiments we performed along the way. Each experiment is a commit (detached from any branch) with the commit message "patch".</p> <p>"Scripts" contains both the scripts we used to run these experiments and those we used to analyze them and make the plots in the paper.</p> <p>Further detail is given in the paper itself.</p>
Supplementary dataset for: Carbonate Clumped Isotope Constraints on Early Triassic NeoTethyan Seawater Oxygen Isotope Compositions and Temperatures
<p><span>The dataset includes data generated for the study titled:</span> <strong><span>Carbonate Clumped Isotope Constraints on Early Triassic NeoTethyan Seawater Oxygen Isotope Compositions and Temperatures</span></strong></p> <p><span>The Excel file includes </span></p> <ol> <li><span>Clumped isotope data for analyzed brachiopod calcites, bulk rock micrite, as well as analytical standards (Tables S1 and S2).</span></li> <li><span>Rare Earth element concentration data for brachiopod samples analyzed (Table S3)</span></li> <li><span>Element/Ca ratios for analyzed samples (Table S4).</span></li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Supplementary Dataset for "Exploring the temperature dependence of clumped isotopes in modern Porites corals"
<p>This supplementary dataset contains raw isotopic values used to generate all figures in the article "Exploring the temperature dependence of clumped isotopes in modern <em>Porites </em>corals” by Guo et al. </p>
Inlists for the paper "Mixed-mode coupling in the Red Clump: I. Standard single star models"
<p>This repository contains the inlists and run_star_extras used for the paper "Mixed-mode coupling in the Red Clump: I. Standard single star models" by Walter E. van Rossem, Andrea Miglio, and Josefina Montalban for use with MESA-11701. The grid cycles through masses first (0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.3, 3.0 msol) and then metallicity ([Fe/H] = -1.0, -0.5, 0.0, 0.25, 0.4).</p> <p>Runs 0000-0004 have initial [Fe/H] = -1.0 and masses 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.3, 3.0 solar masses respectively. The next five runs (0005-0009) have [Fe/H] = -0.5 and the same order of masses, and so on.</p> <p>The previous version had an error in the calculation for the non-parallel approximation and was missing a squareroot in the subroutine <code>calc_dlnc_ds_s0_part_ap</code> when calculating <code>Nred_km1</code> and <code>Nred_k</code>.</p>
Stable isotope data for oxygen and hydrogen and electron microprobe data in phyllosilicates and clumped isotopes of carbonates from paleosols, Illinois Basin, USA
<p>Datasets including stable isotope data for oxygen and hydrogen of phyllosilicates, electron microprobe data of phyllosilicates, and clumped isotope data of carbonates from paleosols of the Illinois Basin, accompanying publication.</p>
Data reported in: Effects of ozone isotopologue formation on the clumped-isotope composition of atmospheric O2
<p>Tropospheric <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O is an emerging proxy for past tropospheric ozone and free-tropospheric temperatures. The basis of these applications is the idea that isotope-exchange reactions in the atmosphere drive <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O abundances toward isotopic equilibrium. However, previous work used an offline box-model framework to explain the <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O budget, approximating the interplay of atmospheric chemistry and transport. This approach, while convenient, has poorly characterized uncertainties. To investigate these uncertainties, and to broaden the applicability of the <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O proxy, we developed a scheme to simulate atmospheric <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O abundances (quantified as ∆<sub>36</sub> values) online within the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. These results are compared to both new and previously published atmospheric observations from the surface to 33 km. Simulations using a simplified O<sub>2</sub> isotopic equilibration scheme within GEOS-Chem show quantitative agreement with measurements only in the middle stratosphere; modeled ∆<sub>36</sub> values are too high elsewhere. Investigations using a comprehensive model of the O-O<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>3</sub> isotopic photochemical system and proof-of-principle experiments suggest that the simple equilibration scheme omits an important pressure dependence to ∆<sub>36</sub> values: the anomalously efficient titration of <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O to form ozone. Incorporating these effects into the online ∆<sub>36</sub> calculation scheme in GEOS-Chem yields quantitative agreement for all available observations. While this previously unidentified bias affects the atmospheric budget of <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O in O<sub>2</sub>, the modeled change in the mean tropospheric ∆<sub>36</sub> value since 1850 C.E. is only slightly altered; it is still quantitatively consistent with the ice-core ∆<sub>36</sub> record, implying that the tropospheric ozone burden increased less than ~40% over the twentieth century.</p>
Supporting information for "Thermal alteration history of Fenghuoshan Group, Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from clumped isotope thermometry"
<p>The supporting information includes raw isotopic analysis data for "Thermal alteration history of Fenghuoshan Group, Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from clumped isotope thermometry" by Kong et al.</p>
Supplementary Dataset for "Synthetic Witherite for Standardization of Clumped Isotope (Delta 47) Analyses"
<p>This supplementary dataset contains raw clumped isotopic data used to generate figures in the article "Synthetic Witherite for Standardization of Clumped Isotope (Delta 47) Analyses" by Kong et al. </p>
Data reported in: Effects of ozone isotopologue formation on the clumped-isotope composition of atmospheric O2
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Helper effects in the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyana in relation to highly-clumped nesting pattern and high frequency of conspecific nest-raiding
In avian cooperative breeding systems, many benefits obtained by social pairs from the presence of helpers have been uncovered. However, until now, the factors that determine the type of assistance helpers provide and the responses of social pairs have not been well illustrated. We examined the contribution of helpers to cooperative groups and the relevant responses of dominant pairs in the azure-winged magpie Cyanapica cyana which breeds on the Tibetan Plateau. We used the capture–mark–recapture method to identify helpers. Results showed that helpers were mostly the yearling sons of dominant pairs. They mainly contributed to the cooperative group in three ways, courtship-feeding the incubation female, provisioning the brood, and defending the nest. For responses of dominant pairs, we unexpectedly found that clutch size was not influenced by the presence of helpers at the nest. However, cooperative groups had higher brood feeding rates than biparental nests and their feeding pattern also differed to that of the latter. Consequently, nestlings in cooperative groups had larger fledging body mass than that in biparental nests. By examining reasons for nest failure, we revealed that conspecific nest-raiding contributed to more nest failure than any other natural predators. Because of the contribution of helpers in defending against both predators and conspecific nest-raiders, cooperative groups had higher survival rate than biparental nests. Thus, our findings suggest that in a highly-clumped nesting pattern, factors concerning the risk of nest predation, rather than that influencing food supply, play an important role in determining helper effects and responses of aided dominant pairs.
Constraining carbonate diagenesis using clumped isotope temperatures and U-Pb dating: a case study from the Gerze area in western central Tibet and implications for paleoelevation interpretations
<p>Data S1: clumped isotope data of new samples; Data S2: clumped isotope data of standards; and Data S32: carbonate LA-ICPMS U-Pb data</p>
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