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77 results for “common garden”
From common gardens to candidate genes: Exploring local adaptation to climate in red spruce
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Data from: Lythrum salicaria common garden under Neogalerucella herbivory
<p>We transplanted1088 seedlings of the invasive perennial plant <i>Lythrum salicaria</i> (purple loosestrife), from 136 maternal families sourced from 17 populations in the region around Ottawa, Canada, into a common garden containing 4 plots. The 17 populations differed in their prior exposure to the biocontrol agent <i>Neogalerucella spp.</i> leaf beetles (naïve = no prior exposure; recent = secondary colonization, ~5-15 years; release = sites of biocontrol release, ~20 years ago). Plants were planted in a wetland containing other <em>Lythrum</em> plants and experienced ambient (but significant) herbivory by <i>Neogalerucella </i>spp. leaf beetles. We measured herbivory, plant size and biomass over a period of 3.5 years; see the publication for more details. This experiment used the same seed material as a previously published greenhouse study by Stastny & Sargent 2017 (see below). Additional datasets, such as the proportion and phenology of flowering individuals, leaf size, stem and meristem numbers, etc., are available upon request.</p> <p> </p>
Common-garden experiment reveals clinal trends of bud phenology in black spruce populations from a latitudinal gradient in the boreal forest
<p>Climate warming is modifying the movement of air masses over Northern latitudes, producing warming and cooling events across the boreal regions. These new conditions changes may mismatch plant phenology from weather conditions, and affect the growing period of trees. Understanding the processes of local adaptation in bud phenology can help to predict the response of plants to these rapid and unexpected environmental changes.</p> <p>Our study monitored bud burst and bud set weekly during four growing seasons in black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] saplings planted in a common garden and originating from five provenances representing the whole latitudinal distribution of the closed boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. We compared the variance in bud phenology among populations and years, and analyzed the relationships with the temperatures at the origin sites.</p> <p>Bud burst and bud set occurred in mid-May and mid-July, respectively, with a large variability among provenances and between the study years. A delayed bud phenology was observed in the provenances from warmer sites, with bud burst and bud set being 1.1 and 1.4 days later for every additional degree in mean annual temperature at the origin site, respectively. Populations with earlier bud bursts also showed earlier bud sets, thus the growing season was similar among provenances. The heritability of bud set was higher than that of bud burst, with estimates of 0.26 and 0.21, respectively. On average, variance in bud phenology among provenances reached 5.3%, which was higher than that within provenances (2.6%). The factor year explained 37.7-69.7% of the variance in bud phenology.</p> <p>Synthesis. Results demonstrate the plastic response of bud burst to changing temperatures and suggest the effects of endogenous factors on bud set. The earlier growth reactivation due to global warming occurring under higher frost risks in spring are expected to produce damage to the developing buds. Meanwhile, the ability of bud phenology to match the inter-annual variability in weather could help to cope with the changing environmental conditions expected in the future.</p>
Data from: Local environment, not local adaptation, drives leaf-out phenology in common gardens along an elevational gradient in Acadia National Park, Maine
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Climate-driven changes in phenology are substantially affecting ecological relationships and ecosystem processes. The role of variation among species has received particular attention; for example, variation among species' phenological responses to climate can disrupt trophic interactions and can influence plant performance. Variation within species in phenological responses to climate, however, has received much less attention, despite its potential role in ecological interactions and local adaptation to climate change. METHODS: We constructed three common gardens across an elevation gradient on Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park, Maine to test population-level responses in leaf-out phenology in a reciprocal transplant experiment. The experiment included three native species: low bush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), sheep's laurel (Kalmia angustifolia), and three-toothed cinquefoil (Sibbaldiopsis tridentata). KEY RESULTS: Evidence for local adaptation of phenological response to temperature varied among the species, but was weak for all three. Rather, variation in phenological response to temperature appeared to be driven by local microclimate at each garden site and year-to-year variation in temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Population-level adaptations in leaf-out phenology appear to be relatively unimportant for these species in Acadia National Park, perhaps a reflection of strong genetic mixing across elevations, or weak differences in selection on phenological response to spring temperatures at different elevations. These results concur with other observational data in Acadia and highlight the utility of experimental approaches to understand the importance of annual and local site variation in affecting phenology both among and within plant species.
Data from: Landscape genomics and a common garden trial reveal adaptive differentiation to temperature across Europe in the tree species Alnus glutinosa
The adaptive potential of tree species to cope with climate change has important ecological and economic implications. Many temperate tree species experience a wide range of environmental conditions, suggesting high adaptability to new environmental conditions. We investigated adaptation to regional climate in the drought-sensitive tree species Alnus glutinosa (Black alder), using a complementary approach that integrates genomic, phenotypic and landscape data. A total of 24 European populations were studied in a common garden and through landscape genomic approaches. Genotyping-By-Sequencing was used to identify SNPs across the genome, resulting in 1990 SNPs. Although a relatively low percentage of putative adaptive SNPs was detected (2.86% outlier SNPs), we observed clear associations among outlier allele frequencies, temperature, and plant traits. In line with the typical drought avoiding nature of A. glutinosa, leaf size varied according to a temperature gradient and significant associations with multiple outlier loci were observed, corroborating the ecological relevance of the observed outlier SNPs. Moreover, the lack of isolation-by-distance, the very low genetic differentiation among populations and the high intra-population genetic variation all support the notion that high gene exchange combined with strong environmental selection promotes adaptation to environmental cues.
Trait data for common garden Primula elatior
<ol> <li>Climate change and the resulting increased drought frequencies pose considerable threats to forest herb populations, particularly where additional environmental challenges jeopardize responses to selection. Specifically, habitat fragmentation may impede climate adaptation through its impact on the distribution of adaptive genetic variation, and cause evolutionary shifts in mating systems. </li> <li>To assess how habitat fragmentation disrupts climate adaptation, we conducted a common garden experiment with <em>Primula</em> <em>elatior</em> offspring originating from 24 populations sampled along a latitudinal gradient with varying climate and landscape characteristics. We then quantified a range of vegetative, regulatory, and reproductive traits under distinct soil moisture regimes to evaluate imprints of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Additionally, we conducted a more extensive field campaign in 60 populations along the same latitudinal gradient to evaluate the potential evolutionary breakdown of reciprocal herkogamy.</li> <li>For large, connected populations, our results demonstrated an evolutionary shift from a strategy in southern populations that seems aligned with drought avoidance — where plants minimize their exposure to dry conditions and optimize photosynthesis — to a drought tolerance strategy in northern populations, where plants adapted to function despite water scarcity. However, habitat fragmentation disrupted climate clines and the adaptive responses to drought stress in key traits related to growth, biomass allocation and water regulation. Additionally, our findings indicate the onset of evolutionary breakdown in reciprocal herkogamy and divergence in other key flower traits. The disruption of climate clines, drought responses, and adaptations in mating systems contributed to a substantially diminished flowering investment across the distribution range, with the most pronounced effects observed in southern fragmented populations. </li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: We present novel empirical evidence of how habitat fragmentation disrupts climate adaptation and drought tolerance in a wide range of traits along the range of the forest herb <em>Primula elatior</em>. These findings emphasize the need to account for habitat fragmentation while designing effective conservation strategies in order to preserve and restore resilient meta-populations of forest herbs amidst ongoing global changes.</li> </ol>
Population genomic consequences of life history and mating system adaptation to a geothermal soil mosaic in yellow monkeyflowers (common garden phenotype data)
<p>Local selection can promote phenotypic divergence despite gene flow across habitat mosaics, but adaptation itself may generate substantial barriers to genetic exchange. In plants, life-history, phenology, and mating system divergence have been proposed to promote genetic differentiation in sympatry. In this study, we investigate phenotypic and genetic variation in <em>Mimulus guttatus</em> (yellow monkeyflowers) across a geothermal soil mosaic in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Plants from thermal annual and nonthermal perennial habitats were heritably differentiated for life history and mating system traits, consistent with local adaptation to the ephemeral thermal-soil growing season. However, genome-wide genetic variation primarily clustered plants by geographic region, with little variation sorting by habitat. The one exception was an extreme thermal population also isolated by a 200m geographical gap of no intermediate habitat. Individual inbreeding coefficients (F<sub>IS</sub>) were higher (and predicted by trait variation) in annual plants and annual pairs showed greater isolation by distance at local (<1km) scales. Finally, YNP adaptation does not re-use a widespread inversion that underlies <em>M. guttatus</em> life-history ecotypes range-wide, suggesting a novel genetic mechanism. Overall, this work suggests that life history and mating system adaptation strong enough to shape individual mating patterns does not necessarily generate incipient speciation without geographical barriers.</p>
dataset from paper with title: "Direct Phenological Responses but Later Growth Stimulation upon Spring and Summer/Autumn Warming of Prunus spinosa L. in a Common Garden Environment"
<p>abstract of paper: "Future<strong> </strong>predictions of forest ecosystem responses are a challenge, as global temperatures will further rise in the coming decades at an unprecedented rate. The effect of elevated temperature on growth performance and phenology of three <em>Prunus spinosa </em>L. provenances (originating from Belgium, Spain, and Sweden) in a common garden environment was investigated. One-year-old seedlings were grown in greenhouse conditions and exposed to ambient and elevated temperatures in the spring (on average 5.6 °C difference) and in the late summer/autumn of 2018 (on average 1.9 °C difference), while they were kept hydrated, in a factorial design. In the following years, all plants experienced the same growing conditions. Bud burst, leaf senescence, height, and diameter growth were recorded. Height and radial growth were not affected in the year of the treatments (2018) but were enhanced the year after (2019), whereas phenological responses depended on the temperature treatments in the year of the treatments (2018) with little carry-over effects in the succeeding years. Spring warming enhanced more height growth in the succeeding year, whereas summer/autumn warming stimulated more radial growth. Spring warming advanced bud burst and shortened the leaf opening process whereas summer/autumn warming delayed leaf senescence and enlarged the duration of this phenophase. These results can help predict the putative shifts in species composition of future forests and woody landscape elements."</p>
Influence of water limitation and provenance on reproductive traits in a common garden of Frangula alnus
<p><strong>Files</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>zenodofalnusmotherplants.xlsx</strong>: data from mother plants from which berries were picked in 2020</li> <li><strong>zenodofalnusberrystone.xlsx</strong>: details on the berries and stones</li> </ul> <p><strong>Abstract of related paper</strong></p> <p>Drought periods during the growing season will increase and intensify in Western Europe due to climate change. To better understand the consequences for woody perennials, we restricted watering of potted cuttings of <em>Frangula alnus </em>Mill. in a common garden setting in Belgium during the growing season of 2020. We focused on the responses of three provenances (Belgian, Italian and Swedish) for several reproductive traits in the year of the water limitation. <em>F. alnus</em> can blossom on current season's growth and can therefore produce ripened berries continuously during several months. The total berry count over the whole growing season was much lower in the water-limited plants, independent of the provenance. The Belgian provenance produced more ripened berries in total than the Italian and Swedish provenances, both in the water-limited as in the control plants. Maximum berry production occurred in July. The control plants from the Belgian and Italian provenances displayed a second lower maximum in August. Mainly the Swedish provenance displayed a clear advancement of the maximum berry production among the water limited plants in comparison to the control plants. Slight differences were detected in the average stone count per berry and in the average stone weight over time, with both traits displaying a single maximum. The Swedish provenance displayed the highest average stone count per berry and the Belgian provenance had the lightest average stone weight, both likely attributable to local adaptation. Remarkably, both stone traits were not affected by the water limitation. Results are discussed in the face of several drought response mechanisms including drought escape, drought avoidance, compensation growth, growth/reproduction trade-off and seed size/weight trade-off.</p>
Dataset: Acorn weight as determinant of germination in red and white oaks: evidences from a common-garden greenhouse experiment
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p> <p>Sánchez-Montes de Oca EJ, EI Badano, LE Silva-Alvarado, J Flores, F Barragán-Torres & JA Flores-Cano. Acorn weight as determinant of germination in red and white oaks: evidences from a common-garden greenhouse experiment. Annals of Forest Science, 75, article 12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0693-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0693-y</a></p> <p>Both datasets are provided in Microsoft Excel format. The first dataset (2015 data-Relationships acorn fresh weight-germination) contains information about the phylogenetic section to which each oak species included in the study belong to, the fresh weights of acorns after they were soaked and their respective germination responses (100 acorns per oak species). These data were used to assess whether acorn weight influences germination across and within species. The second dataset (2017 data-Relationships acorn dry-fresh weights) also contains the phylogenetic section to which each oak species belongs to, indicating the dry biomass of acorns, their fresh weight after soaking, and their percent water content (100 acorns per oak species). These data were used to assess how dry biomass of acorns influences their fresh weight and percent water content after soaking.</p>
Data from a drought experiment on saplings of Crataegus monogyna in a common garden setting with three provenances (Belgian, Swedish and Spanish)
<p><span>Data are from the common shrub <em>Crataegus monogyna</em> that experienced two summer droughts, each followed by rewatering. The experimental design consisted of a common garden with potted saplings from a local Belgian, a Swedish and a Spanish-Pyrenean provenance. We quantified the effects on growth and leaf phenology, focusing on the legacies in the year following the droughts. Responses were influenced by the severity of the drought and by its timing. </span></p>
data from a drought stress experiment on Cornus sanguineum in a common garden
<p>Data obtained from a drought stress experiment performed in 2021 on potted plants from the shrub species Cornus sanguineum in a common garden with two provenances, a local (Belgian) and a Pyrenean.</p>
Data from: An established plant invader may still benefit from increasing genetic diversity – Insights from artificial populations in a common garden experiment
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Trait data of Primula elatior from common garden experiments and field campaigns
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Data from: Local environment, not local adaptation, drives leaf-out phenology in common gardens along an elevational gradient in Acadia National Park, Maine
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Common-garden experiment reveals clinal trends of bud phenology in black spruce populations from a latitudinal gradient in the boreal forest
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Data from: Lythrum salicaria common garden under Neogalerucella herbivory
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Population genomic consequences of life history and mating system adaptation to a geothermal soil mosaic in yellow monkeyflowers (common garden phenotype data)
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Data from: Evaluating transgenic Darling 54 American chestnuts for reintroduction: Insights from survivorship, growth, and respiration in a common garden
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Data from: Landscape genomics and a common garden trial reveal adaptive differentiation to temperature across Europe in the tree species Alnus glutinosa
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