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82 results for “community assemblage”
Data from: Deconstruction of a plant-arthropod community reveals influential plant traits with nonlinear effects on arthropod assemblages
1. Studies of herbivores and secondary consumer communities rarely incorporate a comprehensive characterization of primary producer trait variation, thus limiting our understanding of how plants mediate community assembly of consumers. 2. We took advantage of recent technological developments for efficient generation of phytochemical, microbial, and genomic data to characterize individual alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa; Fabaceae) growing in an old-field, semi-naturalized state for 770 traits (including 753 chemical features). Using random forest modeling, we investigated the effect of variation in these traits on arthropod and fungal assemblages while accounting for plant genetic structure. 3. We found that traits indicative of plant vigor, including size, percentage of flowering stems, and leaf area, were positively associated with arthropod richness and abundance. Most phytochemicals were, by comparison, poor predictors, although phytochemical diversity and several individual phenolic compounds were important. Plants with a higher proportion of flowering stems were hotspots of inter-trophic interactions with higher species richness of secondary consumers. The effects of many traits on plant-associated assemblages were best modeled as nonlinear functions, often incorporating threshold effects. Foliar fungal richness was not well predicted by our models, suggesting we have much to learn regarding the role of plant traits on phyllosphere fungi at small spatial scales. 4. Our results support the need for characterization of multiple axes of plant phenotypes in studies of plant-arthropod-microbe communities, and demonstrate the value of modern analytical techniques for understanding the nonlinear ways in which plant traits mediate the structure of associated biotic communities.
Data from: Disturbance-mediated consumer assemblages determine fish community structure and moderate top-down influences through bottom-up constraints
<ol> <li>Disturbance is a strong structuring force that can influence the strength of species interactions at all trophic levels, but controls on the contributions to community structure of top-down and bottom-up processes across such gradients remain poorly understood. Changes in the composition of predator and consumer assemblages, and their associated traits, across gradients of environmental harshness (e.g., flooding) are likely to be a particularly important influence on the strength of top-down control and may drive bottom-up constraints.</li> <li>We examined how consumers with particular traits, and the predators that consumed them, varied across a gradient of stream flooding disturbance and used experiments to assess the predation impact on those contrasting consumer communities (ultimately quantifying how flood disturbance altered the strength of top-down control).</li> <li>Consumer community composition and mobility were strongly related to flood disturbance; the biomass and drift of protected primary consumers (i.e., those with morphological defences) decreased with increasing flood disturbance. Predatory fish species had different disturbance niches, and path analysis identified that both direct flood-disturbance effects and indirect bottom-up constraints of flood-disturbance on consumers influenced predatory fish composition and biomass. Fishes generally fed most effectively on consumer types associated with their particular niche, but all fishes were strongly size-selective when feeding on protected consumers. Although protected consumers did not grow large enough to escape predation, an <i>in situ </i>experiment showed protected consumers were at a reduced risk of predation as disturbance increased compared to unprotected consumers.</li> <li>Overall, top-down control declined with flood disturbance, but the effect depended on consumer traits. Predatory fishes were only capable of exerting top-down control on protected consumers in benign habitats but impacted unprotected consumers across a larger range of the disturbance gradient. Collectively our findings suggest that a shift towards a more disturbed state will probably result in reduced predator impacts and a weakening of top-down control. Moreover, predicted increases in the frequency and intensity of climatic events causing disturbance, such as flooding, are likely to result in a community shift that disproportionately impacts protected consumers and the predators that utilise them as prey through the subsequent bottom-up constraints.</li> </ol>
Data from: Dominance and competition drive assemblage configuration in an Iberian steppe bird community
<p>Open scripts and data bases for Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( Barrero et al., Dominance and competition drive assemblage configuration in an Iberian steppe bird community).</p> <p>Four documents are provided: The two R Scripts needed to create and fix the models and two .xls files with the data described below.</p> <p>Scripts: a) HMSC_2022_FullModel_Run_GitHub.Rmd: script to run the full model. b) HMSC_2022_NullModel_Run_GitHub.Rmd: script to run the null model.</p> <p>Xlsx: a) Grid.xlsx: Coordinates of the species surveyed. b) Data2.xlsx: Habitat descriptor variables</p>
Figure 2 in Fish community assemblages in relation to environmental variables in the Lefini River, middle Congo River basin (Republic of Congo)
Figure 2. – Set of gill nets. A: Station 1 (Ah1); B: Station 10 (Avh1).
Fig. 1 in Avian Assemblages in Forest Fragments do not Sum to the Expected Regional Community in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Fig. 1. Map of Bahia within Brazil, and the location of the fragments under study.
Fig. 1 in Community assemblage of the Carabidae fauna in newly created habitats
Fig. 1. Location of the study sites
Data from: Urban street lighting differentially affects community attributes of airborne and ground-dwelling invertebrate assemblages
<p><span>The introduction of artificial light at night (ALAN) into natural and urbanised landscapes is a known and highly pervasive disruptor of invertebrate communities. However, the effect of variation in intensity and spectra of ALAN on invertebrate communities inhabiting different spatial niches is little understood. Further, the remarkable ability of ALAN to continue to disrupt biodiversity even in chronically-illuminated urban landscapes is not often acknowledged. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we simultaneously sampled airborne and ground-dwelling invertebrate assemblages under and between urban streetlights to explore the effects on community composition and abundance of a) proximity to decadal (i.e long-illuminated) nocturnal street lighting and b) variation in the spectral output of light. </span></p> <p><span>The two assemblages responded differently. For airborne invertebrates, night-time abundance doubled, and night-time assemblage composition was significantly different for traps under, compared with between, streetlights. These differences in abundance were not affected by streetlight intensity, and were absent in day samples, suggesting that even weak ALAN may be causing short-term redistribution of nocturnal invertebrates. Further, the abundance (but not composition) effects of ALAN on airborne invertebrates increased when the streetlights emitted a higher proportion of short-wavelength light. </span></p> <p><span>In contrast, for ground-dwelling invertebrates, we found only marginal effects of proximity and spectrum of lighting on abundance and no effect on assemblage composition. However, more intense streetlighting reduced abundance and altered composition at traps both under and between lights. </span></p> <p><span><i>Synthesis and Applications: </i>Public lighting managers must consider ALAN impacts on invertebrate communities not only when introducing ALAN to naïve environments, but also when changing lighting in areas that are highly urbanised and exposed to decades of artificial light at night. Further, lighting proposals and environmental monitoring of invertebrate communities must take into account effects on both ground-dwelling and airborne assemblages, as these may respond very differently to the presence, intensity and spectrum of ALAN. </span></p>
Data for deJonge et al. - Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of Phragmites australis in Ontario, Canada
<p>Data for deJonge et al. publication "Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of <em>Phragmites australis </em>in Ontario, Canada". Data are produced from a 2016-2017 survey of 28 geographically paired sites across Ontario, Canada containing introduced <em>Phragmites australis </em>ssp. <em>australis </em>or native <em>Phragmites australis </em>ssp. <em>americanus</em>. The dataset includes for each site basic descriptions of site characteristics (e.g., latitude, stem density), the stem attack rate (% of live stems containing at least one insect) of fourteen insect taxa, and alpha-diversity indices calculated from the attack rates ("FullSiteData" tab). It also includes basic presence and absence data for each taxon across the fourteen sites of each subspecies ("Presence-AbsenceData" tab), and paired differences between native and introduced sites in alpha- and beta-diversity indices, and stem attack rates by taxon ("PairedData(Native-Introduced)" tab).</p>
Patterns of ferns community assemblages in some Malaysian and Nigerian tropical forests
<p>Research on fern ecology has gained attention in the last decade, yet there is a paucity of information on the comparison of ferns communities across continents. This study focused on comparing the ferns community assemblages in some tropical forests of Malaysia and Nigeria, thereby assessing the patterns of species richness (SR) and phylogenetic diversity(PD) in relation to the bioclimatic drivers across the continents. The diversity and taxonomic compositions of ferns were assessed using 180 plots of 10 m x 10 m in each country. The species richness and other diversity indices were determined using the combined forests data for each country and for the individual forests. Also, the phylogenetic diversity of the ferns was assessed using the genus-based molecular sequences downloaded from the GeneBank. The patterns of the ferns SR and PD in the two countries as driven by some bioclimatic factors were evaluated using the regression analysis. The observed and rarefied–extrapolated fern species richness is significantly higher in Malaysian forests than in Nigerian forests. Also, the other diversity indices are significantly higher in Malaysian forests except for the Shannon index which showed no significant difference between the two biogeographic regions. There is a very low similarity (7.41%) in the taxonomic composition of ferns between the two biogeographic areas, although the similarity in composition increased with increasing taxonomic levels (species: 7.41%, genus: 12.77%, family: 70.96%). Terrestrial and epiphytic ferns are more dominant than the other life forms in the two countries. The precipitation variables drive the phylogenetic structure of ferns in Nigeria whereas both precipitation and temperature variables drive the phylogenetic structure of ferns in Malaysia. This indicates that ferns assemblages in Nigeria and Malaysia are driven by both climatic variables. Besides, we also hypothesize that these observed differences could be due to other historical and evolutionary processes.</p>
Extending trait dispersion across trophic levels: predator assemblages act as top-down filters on prey communities
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Impact of artificial reef deployment on reef fish movement and community assemblages
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Data from: Disturbance-mediated consumer assemblages determine fish community structure and moderate top-down influences through bottom-up constraints
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Data from: Urban street lighting differentially affects community attributes of airborne and ground-dwelling invertebrate assemblages
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Patterns of ferns community assemblages in some Malaysian and Nigerian tropical forests
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Floral spectral reflectance data for: Floral color properties of serpentine seep assemblages depend on community size and species richness
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Data from: Deconstruction of a plant-arthropod community reveals influential plant traits with nonlinear effects on arthropod assemblages
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The community structure of bird assemblages on urban Strangler figs
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Data from: Community assembly and climate mismatch in Late-Quaternary eastern North American pollen assemblages
Plant community response to climate change ranges from synchronous tracking to strong mismatch. Explaining this variation in climate change response is critical for accurate global change modeling. Here we quantify how closely assemblages track changes in climate (match/mismatch) and how broadly climate niches are spread within assemblages (narrow/broad ecological tolerance, or 'filtering') using data for the last 21 ka for 531 eastern North American fossil pollen assemblages. Although climate matching has been strong over the last 21 millennia, mismatch increased in 30% of assemblages during the rapid climate shifts between 14.5 to 10 ka BP. Assemblage matching rebounded towards the present day in 10-20% of assemblages. Climate-assemblage mismatch was greater in tree-dominated and high-latitude assemblages, consistent with persisting populations, slower dispersal rates, and glacial retreat. In contrast, climate matching was greater for assemblages comprising taxa with higher median seed mass. Over half of the assemblages were climatically filtered at any given time, with peak filtering occurring at 8.5 ka BP for nearly 80% of assemblages. Thus, vegetation assemblages have highly variable rates of climate mismatch and filtering over millennial scales. These climate responses can be partially predicted by species' traits and life histories. These findings help constrain predictions for plant community response to contemporary climate change.
Data supporting the manuscript "Initial assemblage characteristics determine the functional dynamics of flower-strip plant communities"
<p>Original data recorded by the authors.</p>
Data from: Explaining high-diversity death assemblages: undersampling of the living community, out-of-habitat transport, time-averaging of rare taxa, and local extinction
Molluscan benthic assemblages provide unique opportunities for understanding both spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity. Species richness in the shell remains found at a site (i.e. the death assemblage) is typically several times higher than in the counterpart living assemblage, reflecting a complex history of settlement, dissemination and decomposition post-mortem. We used high-density temporal and spatial sampling (>37'000 individuals representing 196 taxa) of a shallow (5-8 m) nearshore sandy habitat off the coast of south-east Sardinia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) to study the factors responsible for differences in the relative diversity of living and death assemblages. We found that death assemblages at all sites were considerably more diverse than living communities (1.5-3.5x more dead than living taxa after sample-size standardization), with 78% of all taxa solely recovered as empty shells, resulting in low live-dead agreement. By carefully filtering the raw data and combining them with habitat information extracted from the literature, we disentangled the major causes of this discordance and quantified their individual effects. Increased dead diversities could not be attributed to undersampling of the living community, but instead resulted from three phenomena of decreasing importance: the post-mortem, out-of-habitat transport of non-indigenous taxa (57% of dead-only taxa were allochthonous), the time-averaged presence of rare indigenous taxa (40% of dead-only taxa), and the likely local extirpation of a small number of species (3% of dead-only taxa). Our approach demonstrates how ecological inferences based on death assemblages can be improved by restricting analyses to demonstrably indigenous taxa, and highlights how mollusc shell remains can be used to provide information over both ecological and evolutionary timescales.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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