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84 results for “community groups”
Harambee: Integrated Community-based HIV/NCD Care & Microfinance Groups in Kenya
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04417127. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Data from: Plant community responses to long-term fertilization: changes in functional group abundance drive changes in species richness
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Data from: cultural attraction in pottery practice: group-specific shape transformations by potters from three communities
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Data from: Soil and ground-dwelling arthropod diversity on green roofs: Functional groups are strongly influenced by substrate depth and plant community
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Data from: Shifts in functional group community diversity of threatened mesic forests with changing fire regimes
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Data from: Impacts of rainfall extremes predicted by climate-change models on major trophic groups in the leaf-litter arthropod community
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Data from: Using full-length metabarcoding and DNA barcoding to infer community assembly for speciose taxonomic groups: a case study
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Contrasting responses of different functional groups stabilise community responses to a dominant shrub under global change
<p>1. Changes in precipitation regimes and nitrogen deposition levels due to global change are altering terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Most attempts at understanding how biotic interactions affect plant species and community responses to global change have focused on biotic interactions measured at the community-level. However, these approaches ignore that communities include functionally dissimilar species that might respond differently to changes in the effects of dominant neighbours along environmental gradients. We test the hypothesis that plant species with differences in functional traits may exhibit contrasting interactions with a dominant shrub species within a single community, thereby stabilizing community-level responses to the effects of global change.</p> <p>2. We manipulated water and nitrogen applications in a semi-arid dune community in northern China, quantified the biomass of herbaceous species occurring below the dominant shrub, <i>Artemisia ordosica</i>, and in adjacent open patches (without the shrub), and measured herbaceous species height and leaf dry matter content. The effects of <i>A. ordosica</i> were quantified at the species, group, and community levels using the relative interaction index (<i>RII</i>). Redundancy analysis was performed on species traits and the <i>RII</i> values to assess the relationships between functional differences in species and plant-plant interactions. Species were then grouped using a cluster analysis and the <i>RII</i> values were recalculated at the group level.</p> <p>3. The redundancy analysis showed that species height and leaf dry matter content were significantly correlated to the changes in species' responses to the effect of <i>A. ordosica</i> along treatments. The four groups of species identified by the cluster analysis showed contrasting variations in competitive or facilitative responses depending on species traits and environmental treatments. However, the interactions measured at the group level balanced the community-level responses, as we found no significant changes in the effects of <i>A. ordosica</i> along treatments for community biomass, richness, and functional diversity indices.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our findings indicate that species with different functional strategies within a community exhibit contrasting responses to a dominant shrub along environmental gradients. These contrasting changes in plant-plant interactions of functionally different species may balance the responses of community-level metrics. This suggests that functional differences between species groups and the balance of plant-plant interactions stabilize community responses to global change.</p>
Data from: Group-level variation in co-feeding tolerance between two sanctuary-housed communities of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Social tolerance in group-living animals can be viewed as a counterweight against competitive interests necessary to obtain coexistence equilibrium and maintain group cohesion. As such, it forms an interesting phenomenon to study at the group-level, but how can this be done most informatively? Here, we use three group-level co-feeding assays and social network analysis to study social tolerance in two groups of chimpanzees living under similar circumstances within a sanctuary to <i>i</i>) reassess whether social tolerance may be a group-specific parameter in chimpanzees and derive inferences about its long-term stability, and <i>ii</i>) compare the characteristics and resultant patterns between two established and one new assay. We show that the three assays expose the same (predicted) group-level differences in social tolerance as in the previous study eight years ago, thereby providing preliminary evidence for stability in group-specific levels of social tolerance in chimpanzees, despite changing group compositions. Furthermore, from an experimental point of view, we identify the new assay as more valid than the two established ones based on the consideration that resources may deplete at different rates across groups, which would consequently alter the need for tolerance differentially. We discuss implications for the study of social tolerance and highlight the importance of taking into account intraspecific variation in social animals.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Effect of participation in commercial production of medicinal plants through community-based conservation groups on farm income at Kakamega forest, Kenya
<p class="Abstract">Forest conservation by peripheral communities is one of the most advocated strategies for ensuring sustainable supply of forest goods and services. In Kenya, although conservation activities generate considerable environmental improvements, studies evaluating the economic benefits are very limited. This study aimed at assessing the impact of participating in the commercialization training program by forest adjacent communities on farm income. Utilizing matching techniques, the analysis is based on the data collected from a randomly selected sample of farm households around Kakamega forest in Kenya. The results show that age, forest distance, forest benefit, market distance and farming experience are the main factors that influence the participation in the commercialization program. Also, participating in commercial production of medicinal plants has a positive and significant effect on farmers' income. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), based on three estimation algorithms, ranges from KSH. 80,047 to KSH. 176,788 per hectare, per year, implying that policy efforts that focus on the participation in the commercialization program of medicinal plants can enhance incomes among farm-dependent households. The findings from this study suggest that upscaling the participation in the commercialization program to other areas.</p>
Data from: The impact of conservation management on the community composition of multiple organism groups in eutrophic interconnected man-made ponds
Ponds throughout the world are subjected to a variety of management measures for purposes of biodiversity conservation. Current conservation efforts typically comprise a combination of multiple measures that directly and indirectly impact a wide range of organism groups. Knowledge of the relative impact of individual measures on different taxonomic groups is important for the development of effective conservation programs. We conducted a field study of 28 man-made ponds, representing four management types differing in the frequency of periodic pond drainage and the intensity of fish stock management. We disentangled the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of pond management measures on the community composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic macro-invertebrates, submerged and emergent vascular plants. With the exception of phytoplankton, pond management had strong effects on the community composition of all investigated biota. Whether management affected communities directly or indirectly through its impact on fish communities or local environmental conditions in the pond varied between organism groups. Overall, the impact of pond drainage regime and fish community characteristics on the community composition of target organism groups were more important than local environmental conditions. The majority of taxa were negatively associated with fish density, whereas multiple emergent plant species and several taxa of aquatic macro-invertebrates were positively affected by increased drainage frequency. The effects of fish community and drainage tended to be largely independent. The present study indicates that pond drainage is an important element for biodiversity conservation in eutrophicated shallow and interconnected man-made ponds.
Data from: Differences in the fungal communities nursed by two genetic groups of the alpine cushion plant, Silene acaulis
Foundation plants shape the composition of local biotic communities and abiotic environments, but the impact of a plant's intraspecific variations on these processes is poorly understood. We examined these links in the alpine cushion moss campion (Silene acaulis) on two neighboring mountain ranges in the French Alps. Genotyping of cushion plants revealed two genetic clusters matching known subspecies. The exscapa subspecies was found on both limestone and granite while the longiscapa one was only found on limestone. Even on similar limestone bedrock, cushion soils from the two S. acaulis subspecies deeply differed in their impact on soil abiotic conditions. They further strikingly differed from each other and from the surrounding bare soils in fungal community composition. Plant genotype variations accounted for a large part of the fungal composition variability in cushion soils, even when considering geography or soil chemistry, and particularly for the dominant molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Both saprophytic and biotrophic fungal taxa were related to the MOTUs recurrently associated with a single plant genetic cluster. Moreover, the putative phytopathogens were abundant, and within the same genus (Cladosporium) or species (Pyrenopeziza brassicae), MOTUs showing specificity for each plant subspecies were found. Our study highlights the combined influences of bedrock and plant genotype on fungal recruitment into cushion soils and suggests the coexistence of two mechanisms, an indirect selection resulting from the colonization of an engineered soil by free-living saprobes, and a direct selection resulting from direct plant-fungi interactions.
FIGURE 5. Left side shows a in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group
FIGURE 5. Left side shows a power spectrum (top), sonogram (middle), and oscillogram (bottom) of a series of advertisement calls of Pristimantis bicantus (QCAZ 18983). Right side shows a sonogram (middle) and oscillogram (bottom) of a single long call (the eighth of the 11 long calls shown on the left, marked with an asterisk). This is an example of a call series consisting of three short calls (each with two pulses) and 11 long calls (each with 17–23 more rapid pulses). The power spectrum was measured along the entire duration of the call series.
FIGURE 2 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group
FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female.
FIGURE 1 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group
FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024.
FIGURE 3 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group
FIGURE 3. Map of Ecuador showing the type locality of Pristimantis bicantus (Yanayacu Biological Station, 0°36' S, 77°53' W, 2100–2300 m).
Knowledge and perception of community on health-related activities of Inclusive Self Help Groups in three regions of Myanmar and ways for strengthening
<p>This data is gathered in 2019. </p>
Community Meeting of the Sensitive Data Interest Group: February 2022
<p>This is the recording from the RDA Sensitive Data Interest Group community meeting held February 23, 20:00 UTC, 2022. More information about the series can be found here: https://www.rd-alliance.org/group/sensitive-data-interest-group/post/2022-sensitive-data-community-meeting-series-register-now</p>
Community Meeting of the Sensitive Data Interest Group: April 2022
<p>This is the recording from the RDA Sensitive Data Interest Group community meeting held April 27, 20:00 UTC, 2022. More information about the series can be found here: https://www.rd-alliance.org/group/sensitive-data-interest-group/post/2022-sensitive-data-community-meeting-series-register-now</p>
Enhancing Independence Using Group-based Community Interventions for Healthy AGing in Elders: the ENGAGE Pilot Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03430271. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 27.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.