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36 results for “competition and facilitation”
Data from: Food and habitat provisions jointly determine competitive and facilitative interactions among distantly related herbivores
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Data from: Trait patterns across space and time suggest an interplay of facilitation and competition acting on Neotropical hummingbird-pollinated plant communities
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Data from: Variation in neighbourhood context shapes frugivore-mediated facilitation and competition among co-dispersed plant species
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Data from: Field manipulations of resources mediate the transition from intraspecific competition to facilitation
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Data from: The shift from plant–plant facilitation to competition under severe water deficit is spatially explicit
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Data from: Competition and facilitation determine dwarf mistletoe infection dynamics
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Data for: Interspecific competition and facilitation coexist in mixed-species bird flocks of montane coniferous forests in Taiwan
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Data from: Sibling rivalry vs mother's curse: can kin competition facilitate a response to selection on male mitochondria?
<p>Assuming that fathers never transmit mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to their offspring, mitochondrial mutations that affect male fitness are invisible to direct selection on males, leading to an accumulation of male-harming alleles in the mitochondrial genome (mother's curse). However, male phenotypes encoded by mtDNA can still undergo adaptation via kin selection provided that males interact with females carrying related mtDNA, such as their sisters. Here, using experiments with <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> carrying standardised nuclear DNA but distinct mitochondrial DNA, we test whether the mitochondrial haplotype carried by interacting pairs of larvae affects survival to adulthood, as well as the fitness of the adults. Although mtDNA had no detectable direct or indirect genetic effect on larva-to-adult survival, the fitness of male and female adults was significantly affected by their own mtDNA and the mtDNA carried by their social partner in the larval stage. Thus, mtDNA mutations that alter the effect of male larvae on nearby female larvae (which often carry the same mutation, due to kinship) could theoretically respond to kin selection. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of mitochondria and other maternally inherited endosymbionts.</p>
Data from: Disentangling the heritable and plastic components of the competitive and facilitative effects of an alpine foundation species
Differences in effects between phenotypes of foundation species on subordinate species have been reported, but no study has separated their heritable and plastic components. In a subalpine community of the French Pyrenees, we observed two phenotypes of Festuca gautieri: tight cushions in dry convex outcrops with few subordinate species, and loose cushions in wet concave slopes with many subordinate species, suggesting differences in effects of the two phenotypes on subordinates. Using two reciprocal transplantation gardens, we studied the responses of the two phenotypes to changes in environmental conditions, thus assessing the contribution of heritability and plasticity to the phenotypic variation. Using a target cross-transplantation experiment, we assessed the plasticity and heritability bases of their contrasting effects. We also quantified the recolonisation of resident plants within the reciprocally transplanted cushions. We found that morphological differences between cushions had both heritability and plasticity bases. The two competition experiments showed heritable increase in competitive effects from loose to tight cushions. This was counteracted by plasticity effects, which decreased competition from the benign to the stressful garden. Synthesis. We conclude that heritable effects overcome plasticity effects resulting in higher diversity in the loose phenotype from the benign habitats.
Data from: Edaphic properties enable facilitative and competitive interactions resulting in fairy circle formation
Millions of generally regularly spaced, roughly circular barren patches called fairy circles occur in a narrow band ca. 100 km inland of the south-west African coast. These generally have conspicuously taller peripheral grasses in a shorter grass matrix. The origins of these fairy circles are controversial, but one possibility is that they are self-organizing emergent vegetation patterns that are the consequence of interplay between positive (facilitative) and negative (competitive) interactions between grasses. We hypothesized that the coarse textured sand on which fairy circles occur creates a hydraulically and nutritionally connected landscape, in which neighbouring fairy circles competitively influence each other over several metres, while providing opportunity for focusing of resources around the peripheral grasses. To test our hypotheses we conducted three main groups of analyses: 1) We measured grass biomass to assess facilitative and competitive effects of the component grasses; 2) Across a region with fairy circles we measured the size and density of fairy circles and correlated that with water infiltration rates into soil; 3) We measured the capacity of soil to conduct water pulses and 15N tracers. We found evidence of facilitative interactions in the periphery of the fairy circles and competitive suppression of the matrix grass proximal to the periphery. Across the region, fairy circle size was positively correlated with soil infiltration rates and negatively with precipitation. This suggests that fairy circles emerge in soils with high capacity for water flux that enables landscape hydraulic connectivity. Water- and 15N-pulse experiments showed that edaphic resources were highly mobile, moving up to 7.5 metres over a period of 1–3 weeks. We concluded that the evidence is consistent with an emergent vegetation pattern explanation for the origins of fairy circles and that the circles are more closely associated with a highly connective edaphic environment, rather than with particular biota.
Data accompanying "Oxidative stress changes interactions between two bacterial species from competitive to facilitative"
<p>Raw data used to generate all figures in the associated manuscript.</p>
Interplay of above- and belowground resource limitations: a competition-facilitation shift maintains species coexistence
<p>Forest ecosystems are commonly characterised by a hierarchy of resources. During a disturbance of a forest community, increased light availability in the understorey can support competitive interactions at the expense of facilitation. This may overwhelm the role of belowground resource heterogeneity in maintaining species coexistence and so result in biotic homogenisation of a site. We re-surveyed species composition while estimating interspecific interactions along a microtopographic (moisture) gradient of a temperate swamp forest after increasing the availability of light into the undergrowth. We measured temporal changes in species diversity, compositional dissimilarity measures and functional traits, while belowground resource heterogeneity remained unchanged over time. To explain observed changes in terms of prevailing interspecific interactions, we evaluated temporal changes in the competition-facilitation balance. The productivity of understorey vegetation increased strongly over the five years of the study. This was accompanied by an increase in species diversity and the maintenance of compositional dissimilarity. The relative importance of competitive and facilitative interactions along the microtopographic gradient did not change over time. Rather than an overall biotic homogenisation of a site, we observed a spread of resource acquisitive species within the resource-rich sites and of stress-tolerant species within the resource-limited sites. We have shown that the temporary increase in productivity did not mitigate the effects of belowground resource heterogeneity on plant species turnover, which is likely maintained by contrasting interspecific interactions prevalent in different parts of the resource gradient. This suggests contrasting community assembly processes maintain diversity and productivity even in a local community.</p>
Data from: Disentangling the heritable and plastic components of the competitive and facilitative effects of an alpine foundation species
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Interplay of above- and belowground resource limitations: a competition-facilitation shift maintains species coexistence
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Sibling rivalry vs mother’s curse: can kin competition facilitate a response to selection on male mitochondria?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Edaphic properties enable facilitative and competitive interactions resulting in fairy circle formation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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