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35 results for “competition exclusion”
Unilateral exclusion of three leaf beetle species due resource competition for oviposition sites
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Data from: Cannibalism and intraguild predation community dynamics: coexistence, competitive exclusion and the loss of alternative stable states
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Informatics and statistics for: Stable coexistence or competitive exclusion? Fern endophytes demonstrate rapid turnover favoring a dominant fungus
<p>Fungal endophytes are critical members of the plant microbiome, but their community dynamics throughout an entire growing season are underexplored. Additionally, most fungal endophyte research has centered on seed-reproducing hosts, while spore-reproducing plants spend a significant proportion of their lifecycle in a haploid state and may filter vertically-transmitted fungi. In order to examine annual fungal endophyte community dynamics in a spore-reproducing host, we examined endophytes in a single population of ferns, <i>Polystichum munitum</i>, in the Pacific Northwest. Through culture-independent sequencing, we characterized the community assembly and temporal turnover of foliar endophytes throughout a growing season. From these results, we selected endophytes with outsized representations in sequence data and performed <i>in vitro</i> competition assays. Finally, we inoculated sterile fern gametophytes with dominant fungi observed in the field and determined their effects on host performance. Sequencing demonstrated that ferns were colonized by a diverse community of fungal endophytes in newly-emerged tissue, but diversity decreased throughout the season leading to the preponderance of a single fungus in later sampling months. This previously-undescribed endophyte appears to form specialized associations with the fern. While competition assays on a variety of media types failed to demonstrate that the dominant fungus was competitive against other fungi isolated from the same hosts, inoculation onto sterile fern gametophytes resulted in increased host growth suggesting mutualistic effects. When considering the potential for other fungi to act antagonistically on ferns in nature, the presence of this fungus may drive host success within the study site and possibly throughout its growing range.</p>
Data from: Patterns of species relatedness created by competitive exclusion depend on species niche differences: evidence from Iberian Atlantic grasslands
It is commonly assumed that closely related species share more similar niches than do distantly related species, thus limiting their ability to coexist and leading to patterns of phylogenetic over-dispersion. On the contrary, recent theoretical developments argue that competitive exclusion may lead to patterns of either over-dispersion, clustering or randomness, depending on the relative importance of niche differences and interspecific competitive ability differences. In this study, we utilized semi-natural grassland communities to test the hypothesis that the pattern of species relatedness generated by competitive exclusion depends on species niche differences. Instead of inferring processes from observed patterns, we experimentally manipulated grassland plots to test the effects of competitive exclusion. We compared grazed plots (in which grazing functioned as an equalizing mechanism and suppressed aboveground competition) with neighbouring plots experimentally excluded from grazing over the course of nine years (in which aboveground competition was not prevented). Weak niche differences between species allowed competitive exclusion to generate phylogenetic clustering, because phylogenetically structured plant canopy height and capacity for lateral spread conferred superior competitive ability to grasses that outcompeted species in all dicot branches. By contrast, moderate niche differences allowed competitive exclusion to result in a random pattern of phylogenetic species assembly, because species niche differences partially counterbalanced competitive exclusion by superior competitors in the grass family. We conclude that patterns of species relatedness created by competitive exclusion in Iberian Atlantic grasslands depend on species niche differences. Competitive exclusion may cause differential patterns of phylogenetic assembly.
Data from: Population-level dynamics in experimental mixed infections: evidence for competitive exclusion among bacterial parasites of Paramecium caudatum
Parasites frequently share their host populations with other parasites. However, little is known about how different parasites respond to competition with diverse competitor species in the within-host and between-host environments. We explored the repeatability of competition by simultaneously exposing microcosm populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum to pairs of parasites from the Holospora species complex (H. undulata, H. caryophila and H. obtusa) affected the persistence and prevalence of each compared to single infections, across three host genotypes. Three weeks post-inoculation we identified the presence of each parasite using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Competitive exclusion (62/72) was more common than co-existence (10/72) in populations inoculated with 2 parasites. There was a clear pattern of competitive superiority, with H. caryophila persisting in all doubly inoculated populations (with either H. undulata or H. obtusa), and H. undulata tending to exclude H. obtusa. This mirrored infection success in single infections, with H. caryophila having a higher infection prevalence in single inoculations, followed by H. undulata then H. obtusa. The probability of persistence in co-inoculations did not change across the different host genotypes, and prevalence was the same as in single infections. Our results are consistent with superinfection models, which assume the competitive exclusion of parasites upon contact within the same host. Furthermore, such non-random competitive epidemiological dynamics, where one parasites always wins, may be of interest for public health management, especially if the winning parasite is avirulent, as is seemingly the case here.
Data from: Livestock grazing reinforces the competitive exclusion of small-bodied birds by large aggressive birds
1.Grazing by domestic livestock is sometimes promoted as a management tool to benefit biodiversity. In many situations, however, it can produce negative outcomes. 2.Here we examine the impacts of recent and historic livestock grazing on bird communities in the semi-arid woodlands in eastern Australia, testing the notion that grazing removes the suppressive effect of structurally complex vegetation on miners, thereby reducing the richness and abundance of small birds. 3.We used time- and area-limited searches of 108 sites varying in livestock grazing history and intensity, to explore the direct and indirect effects of grazing, habitat complexity and the abundance of aggressive, large-bodied birds on smaller-bodied birds using two-way analysis of variance and structural equation modelling. 4.Small birds were less abundant and had lower richness in the presence of miners. Our structural equation models indicated that recent grazing had direct suppressive effects on the abundance of miners, and both richness and abundance of all but the largest-bodied bird groups. However, higher levels of historic livestock grazing reinforced the competitive exclusion of the six small-bodied bird groups (insectivores, nectarivores, declining woodland birds, small ground foraging birds, all small birds, all non-miners) by aggressive miners via reductions in habitat complexity. Moreover, the strength of any suppressive effects on small birds or positive effects on large birds by miners increased with increasing miner abundance. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight the importance of vegetation structural complexity, not only for providing habitat for woodland birds, but as barriers to the invasion and competitive dominance of miners. Our findings suggest that management actions aimed at reducing tree and shrub density to promote open woodlands are likely to have significant negative consequences for the conservation of small woodland birds.
Informatics and statistics for: Stable coexistence or competitive exclusion? Fern endophytes demonstrate rapid turnover favoring a dominant fungus
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Data from: Patterns of species relatedness created by competitive exclusion depend on species niche differences: evidence from Iberian Atlantic grasslands
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Population-level dynamics in experimental mixed infections: evidence for competitive exclusion among bacterial parasites of Paramecium caudatum
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Data from: Species colonisation, not competitive exclusion, drives community overdispersion over long-term succession
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Data from: Livestock grazing reinforces the competitive exclusion of small-bodied birds by large aggressive birds
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Data from: Allelopathy prevents competitive exclusion and promotes phytoplankton biodiversity
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Data from: Grazing exclusion unleashes competitive plant responses in Iberian Atlantic mountain grasslands
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Figure 2 in Phylogeography of Crocidura suaveolens (Mammalia: Soricidae) in Iberia has been shaped by competitive exclusion by C. russula
Figure 2. Dated tree of clade IV of the Crocidura suaveolens group with the main lineages (A, B and C) and sublineages (A1 and A2, C1–C4) identified herein. Bayesian posterior probabilities/bootstrap support values (above branch) were obtained for the Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) trees, respectively (Supporting Information, Figs S2, S3). Bootstrap support values of the nodes that were not present in the ML tree are represented by a dash (-). Times of divergence and credibility intervals (in square brackets) estimated in *BEAST are also indicated for each node.
Peeling back the layers of competitive exclusion using Salmonella as a model
GEO Series GSE261480. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. 14028S; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. 11 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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