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47 results for “competitive ability”
Shift in competitive ability mediated by soil biota in an invasive plant
<p>This dataset contains data from a greenhouse experiment described in the paper: Huang F, Huang Q, Gan X, Zhang W, Guo Y and Huang Y. (2021) Shift in competitive ability mediated by soil biota in an invasive plant. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8287.</p> <p>This experiment investigated the interactive effects of competition environment and soil biota on competitive ability of an invasive plant <em>Mikania micrantha</em>. The experimental design contained a combination of three factors: soil treatment (live soil vs. sterilized soil), competition treatment (grown in isolation, with intraspecific competitors and interspecific competitors) and soil source (from three invaded sites), on the growth and competitive performance of seven <em>M. micrantha</em> populations varying in their field conspecific and heterospecific abundance.</p> <p>The main results of this experiment are that, with increasing conspecific abundance and decreasing heterospecific abundance, (1) <em>M. micrantha</em> increased intraspecific competition tolerance and intra- vs. interspecific competitive ability, but decreased interspecific competition tolerance; (2) <em>M. micrantha</em> increased tolerance of negative soil biota effect; (3) interspecific competition tolerance of <em>M. micrantha </em>was increasingly suppressed by the presence of soil biota, but intraspecific competition tolerance was less affected.</p>
Data from: The evolution of competitive ability for essential resources
<p>Competition for limiting resources is among the most fundamental ecological interactions and has long been considered a key driver of species coexistence and biodiversity. Species' minimum resource requirements, their R*s, are key traits that link individual physiological demands to the outcome of competition. However, a major question remains unanswered - to what extent are species' competitive traits able to evolve in response to resource limitation? To address this knowledge gap, we performed an evolution experiment in which we exposed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for approximately 285 generations to seven environments in chemostats which differed in resource supply ratios (including nitrogen, phosphorus and light limitation) and salt stress. We then grew the ancestors and descendants in common garden and quantified their competitive abilities for essential resources. We investigated constraints on trait evolution by testing whether changes in resource requirements for different resources were correlated. Competitive abilities for phosphorus improved in all populations, while competitive abilities for nitrogen and light increased in some populations and decreased in others. In contrast to the common assumption that there are trade-offs between competitive abilities for different resources, we found that improvements in competitive ability for a resource came at no detectable cost. Instead, improvements in competitive ability for multiple resources were either positively correlated or not significantly correlated. Using resource competition theory, we then demonstrated that rapid adaptation in competitive traits altered the predicted outcomes of competition. These results highlight the need to incorporate contemporary evolutionary change into predictions of competitive community dynamics over environmental gradients.</p>
Polyploidization contributes to evolution of competitive ability: a long term common garden study on the invasive Solidago canadensis in China
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Data from: Reproductive effort and future parental competitive ability: a nest box removal experiment
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Shift in competitive ability mediated by soil biota in an invasive plant
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Data from: The evolution of competitive ability for essential resources
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Data from: Genotype-by-environment interactions for seminal fluid expression and sperm competitive ability
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Data from: Polygyny does not explain the superior competitive ability of dominant ant associates in the African ant-plant, Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium
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Data from: Parental environmental effects due to contrasting watering adapt competitive ability, but not drought tolerance, in offspring of a semi-arid annual Brassicaceae
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Data from: Do personality and innovativeness influence competitive ability? An experimental test in the great tit
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Data from: Disruption of foraging by a dominant invasive species to decrease its competitive ability
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Musculoskeletal mass and shape are correlated with competitive ability in male house mice (Mus musculus)
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Data from: Multivariate adaptation but no increase in competitive ability in invasive Geranium carolinianum L. (Geraniaceae)
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Data from: Evolution of increased Medicaco polymorpha size during invasion does not result in increased competitive ability
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Data from: Evolution of increased intraspecific competitive ability following introduction: the importance of relatedness among genotypes.
1.A long‐standing explanation for invasion success is that invasive plants could evolve to be more competitive following introduction. This evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis, however, has seldom been tested with regard to intraspecific competition. Given that plants can display different responses to related and unrelated conspecifics, the evolution of intraspecific competitive ability might be specific to genotypes of different relatedness. 2.Here, we grew five native (South American) and five introduced (North American) genotypes of the clonal herbaceous invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides alone, with aboveground competition from kin (the same genotype) or from one of two types of strangers (another genotype from the same range or another genotype from the other range). 3.When grown alone, introduced and native genotypes produced similar total biomass and storage‐root biomass. However, in response to intraspecific competition, introduced genotypes showed increases in total biomass and stem length, and a decrease in specific stem length, whereas native genotypes showed the opposite pattern. When grown with kin instead of strangers, introduced genotypes showed an increase in branch number, whereas native genotypes showed the opposite. 4.Synthesis. Our study provided evidence for evolution of increased intraspecific competitive responses in an invasive plant. We also found, for the first time, that the interactions among kin were likely to shift from competition towards facilitation following introduction.
Data from: Sperm competitive ability evolves in response to experimental alteration of operational sex ratio
In naturally polygamous organisms such as Drosophila, sperm competitive ability is one of the most important components of male fitness and is expected to evolve in response to varying degrees of male–male competition. Several studies have documented the existence of ample genetic variation in sperm competitive ability of males. However, many experimental evolution studies have found sperm competitive ability to be unresponsive to selection. Even direct selection for increased sperm competitive ability has failed to yield any measurable changes. Here we report the evolution of sperm competitive ability (sperm defense-P1, offense-P2) in a set of replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster subjected to altered levels of male–male competition (generated by varying the operational sex ratio) for 55–60 generations. Males from populations with female-biased operational sex ratio evolved reduced P1 and P2, without any measurable change in the male reproductive behavior. Males in the male-biased regime evolved increased P1, but there was no significant change in P2. Increase in P1 was associated with an increase in copulation duration, possibly indicating greater ejaculate investment by these males. This study is one of the few to provide empirical evidence for the evolution of sperm competitive ability of males under different levels of male–male competition.
Data from: Evolving interactions between diazotrophic cyanobacterium and phage mediate nitrogen release and host competitive ability
Interactions between nitrogen-fixing (i.e. diazotrophic) cyanobacteria and their viruses, cyanophages, can have large-scale ecosystem effects. These effects are mediated by temporal alterations in nutrient availability in aquatic systems owing to the release of nitrogen and carbon sources from cells lysed by phages, as well as by ecologically important changes in the diversity and fitness of cyanobacterial populations that evolve in the presence of phages. However, ecological and evolutionary feedbacks between phages and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are still relative poorly understood. Here, we used an experimental evolution approach to test the effect of interactions between a common filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (Nodularia sp.) and its phage on cellular nitrogen release and host properties. Ecological, community-level effects of phage-mediated nitrogen release were tested with a phytoplankton bioassay. We found that cyanobacterial nitrogen release increased significantly as a result of viral lysis, which was associated with enhanced growth of phytoplankton species in cell-free filtrates compared with phage-resistant host controls in which lysis and subsequent nutrient release did not occur after phage exposure. We also observed an ecologically important change among phage-evolved cyanobacteria with phage-resistant phenotypes, a short-filamentous morphotype with reduced buoyancy compared with the ancestral long-filamentous morphotype. Reduced buoyancy might decrease the ability of these morphotypes to compete for light compared with longer, more buoyant filaments. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of cyanobacteria–phage interactions to affect ecosystem biogeochemical cycles and planktonic community dynamics.
Data from: Nutrition during sexual maturation affects competitive ability but not reproductive productivity in burying beetles
1. Food availability can be unpredictable. When food becomes more abundant following a period of low food availability, developing larvae or juveniles often allocate resources preferentially towards increasing growth. This has important long-term effects on adult phenotypes and longevity. Despite the importance of strategic resource allocation during early development, few studies have examined how changes in resource availability during other windows of development affect reproductive strategies and fitness independent of growth. 2. We manipulated food availability in a burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, during a subadult period of sexual maturation when individuals cannot increase structural size but are still undergoing reproductive maturation. 3. In contrast to the trade-offs during larval or juvenile growth, beetles that experienced delayed feeding during reproductive maturation allocated resources preferentially towards maintaining both reproductive function and longevity. 4. In both sexes, delayed feeding beetles were much less successful in competition for carcasses. However, delayed feeding males and females provided similar amounts of parental care and did not differ in reproductive success or longevity. 5. These results indicate that the nutritional environment experienced during a key developmental window may be an important determinant of the expression of alternative reproductive strategies in adulthood, independent of body size.
Data from: Native soilborne pathogens equalise differences in competitive ability between plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies
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Data from: Evolution of increased intraspecific competitive ability following introduction: the importance of relatedness among genotypes.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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