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57 results for “compost”
Organic compost belowground and floral diversity aboveground interactively shape natural enemies in urban gardens
<p>Plant diversity aboveground can exert top-down pressure on herbivores by attracting predatory insects, while organic soil amendments rich in beneficial microbes can limit herbivores from the bottom up by enhancing plant defensive chemistry. Aboveground and belowground forces always operate simultaneously to shape herbivore pressure, but understanding how they interact is a longstanding and persistent challenge. Here, we examine how organic composts mediate effects of plant diversity across trophic levels, using zucchini plants (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em>) as a study system. Over two field seasons, we manipulated vermicompost treatments in 18 experiments in school gardens that varied in surrounding plant and floral resource diversity, and measured responses of insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Vermicompost strengthened a positive relationship between flower richness and foliar-feeding omnivores, suggesting that robust reservoirs of omnivores at flower-rich sites mounted stronger responses to compost-treated host plants. Predators increased with flower richness, but were not affected by vermicompost. Net outcomes of vermicompost and plant diversity were neutral for herbivores.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and Applications: </em>Altogether, our results reveal that bottom-up factors protecting plants are modified by their environmental context, and may more effectively attract natural enemies in landscapes with diverse floral resources. Therefore, we recommend augmentation of biodiversity aboveground (i.e. floral resources) together with biodiversity belowground (organic soil amendments) to strengthen crop protection.</p>
Data from: Extraction and identification of a wide range of microplastic polymers in soil and compost
<p>Microplastic (MP) pollution is globally widespread, however their presence in soil systems is poorly understood due to complexity of soil and lack of standardised extraction methods. Datasets provided contain data from optimisation (recoveries) of MPs extraction protocol from soil and compost based on olive oil and density separation using zinc chloride, in case of low-density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. Density separation was further used to extract five microplastic polymers (PET, PS, PE, PP and PVC), added to soil and compost at different concentrations, which is also included in the dataset. Additionally, identification data of extracted MPs from spiked soil and compost samples.</p>
Dataset - Performance of a compost aeration and heat recovery system at a commercial composting facility
<p>Dataset for "Performance of a compost aeration and heat recovery system at a commercial composting facility"</p>
Datasets for article: "Growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L grown in sewage-based compost in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system"
<p>These are datasets for the article "<a href="https://url6649.tandfonline.com/ls/click?upn=odl8Fji2pFaByYDqV3bjGMQo8st9of2228V6AcSFNq3t86qU90pAx-2BEad4OTI0D6N9KC9sSb13y7BPhSaI63naXaZgVk1tHid9RTOJaM-2BnU-3D7KXJ_7lAorwd83bcaLkCsHwQvGOB9-2B-2BBAnxWbMvsKY6LNfdeMZIZaDBN1qcEGaoB68Zm3oQJMrVyC4lonL7Ijzn3jC4mP-2Bn0By4CgI-2Fsl-2BpH9f-2FkHHDAmcaic3SupThlJumHH0OlnLYxK7sBZVFoAIGTbzWYuCGoTD1OiI-2B9hCV2q3oeUlwNt7LmUWEphiiU2jLHJPhc-2BtmWrqknunT7zsH-2BOotCufae3hHE9Cd6sCbxN0xWhC1N6Eabvq83S0YBORSx-2FVsTVIIbd0BQgD74rizmahhXmrvA5f9Q8Ac7C8oSBVeY-3D">Growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L grown in sewage-based compost in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system</a> "</p>
Waste Characterization, Quantification, and Composting in Cape Maclear, Malawi
<p>This dataset contains information on waste characterization and quantification, current soil conditions, and agricultural practices of farmers from Cape Maclear, Malawi. </p>
Fig. 3 in Positive Effect Of Compost Application On Oil Pumpkins Growth And Zinc Enrichment
Fig. 3. Influence of zinc content in compost for fruits maturity.
Fig. 2 in Positive Effect Of Compost Application On Oil Pumpkins Growth And Zinc Enrichment
Fig. 2. Accumulation of zinc in seeds depending on the properties of compost.
Fig. 5 in First Records from Japan of European Vermi-composter Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886) and of "Classical" Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Lumbricidae)
Fig. 5. Setal ratios provide simple differentiation.
Effect of Environmental Weathering on Biodegradation of Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films under Ambient Soil and Composting Conditions
<p>Plastic mulch films contribute to better crop production. Concerns for lack of sustainable disposal methods for conventional polyethylene (PE) mulch led to development of biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) that can be soil-incorporated or composted after use. Environmental weathering of BDMs during crop growth reduces their mechanical strength and alters the molecular structure of their polymeric components. However, the impact of weathering on BDMs' biodegradability is not fully understood. The biodegradability of agriculturally weathered and unweathered BDMs in soil and compost was compared using standardized laboratory tests (ASTM D5988 and D5338) using four BDMs (experimental polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoate-based film [PLA/PHA] and three commercially available polybutyrate [PBAT]-based BDMs). In soil, biodegradation of weathered PLA/PHA was greater than its unweathered counterpart. For PBAT-based BDMs, the extent of biodegradation varied. A decrease of the weight-averaged molecular weight (M<sub>w</sub>) of PBAT and PLA and thermostability of PLA, PHA, PBAT, and starch components was observed during biodegradation in the soil. The proportion of the minor components PHA and starch decreased during biodegradation, indicating preferential utilization of PHA over PLA and starch over PBAT by microbes. Bacterial abundance was significantly higher than fungal abundance in soil and was more prominent in soil adjacent to weathered than unweathered BDM treatments. Under composting conditions, unweathered PBAT-enriched mulches yielded higher CO<sub>2</sub> evolution than their weathered counterpart. Together, these results suggest that environmental weathering enhances biodegradation of BDMs and mulch's polymeric constituents also influence the microbial degradation, more so for bacterial than fungal communities.</p>
Data for "biochar-composting substantially reduces methane and air pollutant emissions from dairy manure"
<p>Dataset showing:</p> <p>1) Weekly compost NH4 concentrations</p> <p>2) Weekly compost NO3 concentrations</p> <p>3) Weekly compost C, N, O, H</p> <p>4) Weekly compost pH and EC</p> <p>5) Daily compost temperature</p> <p>6) Weekly compost moisture</p> <p>7) Weekly compost porosity</p> <p>8) Final compost CEC</p> <p>9) Final compost germination indexes</p> <p>10) AP3 integrated assessment model results</p> <p>11) Daily compost gas fluxes</p>
Stress causes interspecific facilitation within a compost community
<p>The R code (Hesse_EL_May2021.R) describes step by step how copper stress affects the nature of species interactions, and the role of siderophore in driving these interactions. This code accompanies the manuscript "Stress causes increased facilitation in a compost community" (under review).</p> <p>The R code is divided into different sections per figure (1-4 and supplementary Figure S1). Each section first starts with reading in the appropriate data files (cvs files) and continues with statistics and plotting of figures.</p>
Effect of Environmental Weathering on Biodegradation of Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films under Ambient Soil and Composting Conditions
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Improved methane mitigation potential and modulated methane cycling microbial communities in arable soil by compost addition
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Impacts of compost amendment type and application frequency on a fire-impacted grassland ecosystem
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Organic compost belowground and floral diversity aboveground interactively shape natural enemies in urban gardens
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Upgrade of bio-oil produced from the sisal residue composting
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Data for: Biochar co-compost improves nitrogen retention and reduces carbon emissions in a winter wheat cropping system
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Data from: 10 years of life in compost: temporal and spatial variation of North German C. elegans populations
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a central laboratory model system in almost all biological disciplines, yet its natural life history and population biology are largely unexplored. Such information is essential for in-depth understanding of the nematode's biology because its natural ecology provides the context, in which its traits and the underlying molecular mechanisms evolved. We characterized natural phenotypic and genetic variation among North German C. elegans isolates. We used the unique opportunity to compare samples collected 10 years apart from the same compost heap and additionally included recent samples for this and a second site, collected across a 1.5-year period. Our analysis revealed significant population genetic differentiation between locations, across the 10-year time period, but for only one location a trend across the shorter time frame. Significant variation was similarly found for phenotypic traits of likely importance in nature, such as choice behavior and population growth in the presence of pathogens or naturally associated bacteria. Phenotypic variation was significantly influenced by C. elegans genotype, time of isolation, and sampling site. The here studied C. elegans isolates may provide a valuable, genetically variable resource for future dissection of naturally relevant gene functions.
Fig. 1 in Brevibacterium hankyongi sp. nov., isolated from compost
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationship between strain BS05T and other related species of the genus Brevibacterium. The tree was reconstructed using the maximum-likelihood method based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) greater than 50 % are shown at branch points. Filled circles indicate that the corresponding nodes were also recovered in the tree generated with maximum-parsimony and neighbour-joining algorithms. Spelaeicoccus albus D3-40T (HF570029) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.005 substitutions per nucleotide position.
Degradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from Oil Sludge with Composting as Bulking Agent and Dosage Variation of Liquid Organic Fertilizer
<p>This material has presented on 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology in October 25, 2023.</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.