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69 results for “condition-dependence”
Condition-dependence of phenotypic integration and the evolvability of genitalic traits in a neriid fly
<p>The spectacular diversity of insect male genitalia, and their relative insensitivity to the environment, have long puzzled evolutionary biologists and taxonomists. We asked whether the unusual evolvability of male genitalia could be associated with low morphological integration of genitalic traits, by comparison with male somatic traits and female traits. We also asked whether this pattern was robust to variation in resource availability during development, which affects adult condition. To address these questions, we manipulated larval diet quality in a split-brood design and compared levels of integration of male and female genitalic and somatic traits in the neriid fly, <i>Telostylinus angusticollis</i>. We found that male genitalic traits were substantially less integrated than male somatic traits, and less integrated than female genitalic traits. Female genitalic traits were also less integrated than female somatic traits, but the difference was less pronounced than in males. However, integration of male genitalic traits was negatively condition-dependent, with high-condition males exhibiting lower trait integration than low-condition males. Finally, genitalic traits exhibited lower larval diet family interactions than somatic traits. These results could help explain the unusually high evolvability of male genitalic traits in insects.</p>
Data from: Adaptive, but not condition-dependent, body shape differences contribute to assortative mating preferences during ecological speciation
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Condition-dependent female aggression and its effects on mating success and sexual cannibalism in jumping spiders
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Data from: Condition-dependent begging elicits increased parental investment in a wild bird population
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Data from: Maternal effects obscure condition-dependent sex allocation in changing environments
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Model output data for "Negative density-dependent dispersal emerges from the joint evolution of density- and body condition-dependent dispersal strategies"
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Data from: Condition-dependent foraging strategies in a coastal seabird: evidence that the rich get richer
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Data from: Reproductive trade-offs in a long-lived bird species: condition-dependent reproductive allocation maintains female survival and offspring quality
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Data from: Expression of and choice for condition-dependent carotenoid-based color in an urbanizing context
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Data from: Interpopulation variation in a condition-dependent signal: predation regime affects signal intensity and reliability
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Data from: Condition-dependent female preference for male genitalia length is based on male reproductive tactics
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Spectral data for analysis: Full spectra colouration and condition-dependent signalling in a skin-based carotenoid sexual ornament
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Data from: Condition-dependent expression of carotenoid- and melanin-based plumage colour of northern flicker nestlings revealed by manipulation of brood size
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Data from: Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats
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Data from: Has the inbreeding load for a condition-dependent sexual signalling trait been purged in insular lizard populations?
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Condition-dependence of phenotypic integration and the evolvability of genitalic traits in a neriid fly
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Dietary stress increases the total opportunity for sexual selection and modifies selection on condition-dependent traits
<p>Although it is often expected that adverse environmental conditions depress the expression of condition-dependent sexually-selected traits, the full consequences of environmental change for the action of sexual selection, in terms of the opportunity for total sexual selection and patterns of phenotypic selection, are unknown. Here we show that dietary stress in guppies, <em>Poecilia reticulata</em>, reduces the expression of several sexually-selected traits and increases the opportunity for total sexual selection (standardized variance in reproductive success) in males. Furthermore, our results show that dietary stress modulates the relative importance of precopulatory (mating success) and postcopulatory (relative fertilization success) sexual selection, and that the form of multivariate sexual selection (linear vs. nonlinear) depends on dietary regime. Overall, our results are consistent with a pattern of heightened directional selection on condition-dependent sexually-selected traits under environmental stress, and underscore the importance of sexual selection in shaping adaptation in a changing world.</p>
Data from: A condition-dependent male sexual signal predicts adaptive predator-induced plasticity in offspring
<p>The possibility that sexual selection promotes adaptive evolution in variable environments remains controversial. In particular, where the scale of environmental variation results in parents and their offspring experiencing different environmental conditions, such variation is expected to break down associations between adult sexual traits and adaptive offspring traits. However, when adaptive offspring plasticity in nonsexual traits acts as an indirect benefit of mate choice, then mate choice for males that produce more plastic offspring could promote adaptation to variable environments. This hypothesis assumes that male sexual signals predict offspring plasticity, which has rarely been tested. To test this assumption, we used spadefoot toads (<i>Spea multiplicata</i>) to investigate whether variation in male sexual signals predicts the expression of tadpole tail-fin plasticity in response to predation cues. Such plasticity has been shown to be adaptive in numerous amphibian taxa. We found that condition-dependent male call characteristics predicted offspring plasticity. Generally, both phenotypic plasticity and female mate choice are ubiquitous in nature; therefore, adaptive associations between male sexual signals and offspring plasticity such as the one reported here might be common. </p>
Data from: Quality attracts parasites: host condition-dependent chemo-orientation of trematode larvae
1. Environmental factors impairing physiological condition of organisms are assumed to predispose them to parasite infections. This is because host immune function is typically condition-dependent. However, poor physiological condition has been reported to reduce host susceptibility to parasites in various systems. 2. We examined whether such an effect can be due to altered exposure of hosts to active parasite transmission stages by investigating chemo-orientation of free-swimming cercariae larvae of a parasite Echinoparyphium aconiatum towards its snail host Lymnaea stagnalis. 3. We used both long-term and short-term feeding treatments to manipulate the body condition and physiological traits related to food processing in experimental (i.e. target) snails and measured the preference of cercariae towards snail-conditioned water (SCW) over clean water. 4. We found that chemo-orientation of cercariae depended on the nutritional status of target snails. High physiological condition (long-term feeding) attracted parasites, but cercariae did not show preference towards SCW from individuals in poor physiological condition (long-term starvation). Food processing (short-term feeding treatments) did not affect chemo-orientation. 5. Our results suggest that host condition-dependent chemo-orientation of parasite larvae is a likely mechanism explaining the reduced susceptibility of snails to infection due to food limitation in our study system. In general, the use of condition-dependent host cues can be highly beneficial for parasites as it increases their transmission to high-quality hosts. Furthermore, evolving counter adaptations to such a transmission strategy can be very difficult for hosts.
Data from: Experimental evidence of condition-dependent sexual dimorphism in the weakly dimorphic antler fly, Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae)
Sexually dimorphic traits have a history of directional selection for exaggeration in at least one sex. Theory suggests that traits targeted by persistent selection should evolve heightened condition dependence whereby their expression reflects the availability and processing efficiency of metabolic resources. This joint dependence of sexual dimorphism and condition dependence on directional selection should result in a positive correlation between the extent of sexual dimorphism and the strength of condition dependence. However, because direct phenotypic evidence is predominately from species with highly exaggerated male traits, it remains unclear whether condition-dependent sexual dimorphism is characteristic of species with more typical levels of dimorphism. We manipulated condition via larval diet and quantified sex-specific responses in adult body size and shape in a moderately dimorphic dipteran species, the antler fly Protopiophila litigata. While dimorphism did not increase with diet quality within any trait, among traits the extent of dimorphism was positively associated with the strength of condition dependence in males but not females, as previously reported for highly dimorphic species. This finding suggests that a shared developmental basis to condition dependence and sexual dimorphism can arise via sexual selection on males even in lineages lacking highly exaggerated male traits.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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