Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
95
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.7.1
Dataset results
95 results for “contests”
Causal Analysis of Google Code Jam Contest Data
<p>This archive is the replication package for the paper:</p> <p>Carlo A. Furia, Richard Torkar, Robert Feldt: <em>Towards Causal Analysis of Empirical Software Engineering Data — The Impact of Programming Languages on Coding Competitions</em>. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07524">arXiv:2301.07524</a>. January 2023.</p>
Replication files for "Contests with Revisions"
<p>The .zip archive contains replication files (data and code) for the paper "Contests with Revisions" (2023) by Emmanuel Dechenaux and Shakun Mago.</p> <p><strong>Contents</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>zTree programs to run the experiment</li> <li>Instructions - Printed and used in experiment</li> <li>Excel datasets from zTree</li> <li>Semi Cleaned Up Datasets</li> <li>Stata dataset to use for analysis</li> <li>Stata do files</li> </ul>
Fighting investment of Neolamprologus pulcher after receiving single, reinforcing, and contradictory contest experiences
<p>When animals live in long-term groups, the potential for conflict is high. Conflict is costly, so an individual's decision to engage depends on the information it has about the costs and benefits of fighting. One source of information could be past contest experience, where previous winners/losers typically become more likely to win/lose in the future. However, repeated interactions can familiarize individuals with conflict and provide opportunities to learn to become better fighters, regardless of outcome. We explored how individuals integrate information from previous contests to inform future encounters in a group-living fish, <em>Neolamprologus pulcher</em>. We gave contestants single, reinforcing, and contradictory experiences and measured behavior and post-fight water-borne levels of androgenic steroids (testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone). Contradictory outcomes were associated with reduced investment in fighting. More fighting experience did not lead to greater investment in fighting, as consecutive losses resulted in reduced aggression. Also, there was no effect of fighting treatment on water-borne androgen concentrations. Interestingly, there were sex differences in which behaviors were influenced by experience, and in whether body mass was associated with androgen concentrations, which could indicate that males and females vary in how perceived fighting ability changes with contest experience. Our data reveal the complex ways in which repeated experiences can alter an individual's propensity to invest in conflict. Repeated interactions associated with predictable changes in behavior can contribute to rank stability in groups and our results indicate that whether and how they do depend on the quality and quantity of interactions plus individual factors such as sex.</p>
Data from: Behavioral threat and appeasement signals take precedence over static colors in lizard contests
<p>The interplay between morphological (structures) and behavioral (acts) signals in contest assessment is still poorly understood. During contests, males of the common wall lizard (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>) display both morphological (i.e. static color patches) and behavioral (i.e. raised-body display, foot shakes) traits. We set out to evaluate the role of these putative signals in determining the outcome and intensity of contests by recording agonistic behavior in ten mesocosm enclosures. We find that contests are typically won by males with relatively more black coloration, which are also more aggressive. However, black coloration does not seem to play a role in rival assessment, and behavioral traits are stronger predictors of contest outcome and winner aggression than prior experience, morphology, and coloration. Contest intensity is mainly driven by resource- and self-assessment, with males probably using behavioral threat (raised-body displays) and de-escalation signals (foot shakes) to communicate their willingness to engage/persist in a fight. Our results agree with the view that agonistic signals used during contests are not associated with mutual evaluation of developmentally-fixed attributes, and instead animals monitor each other to ensure that their motivation is matched by their rival. We emphasize the importance of testing the effect of signals on receiver behavior and discuss that social recognition in territorial species may select receivers to neglect potential morphological signals conveying static information on sex, age, or intrinsic quality.</p>
Data from: Socio-ecological context modulates significance of territorial contest competition in Drosophila prolongata
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Spatial mapping of root systems reveals diverse strategies of soil exploration and resource contest in grassland plants
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Collective self-assessment in banded mongoose intergroup contests
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Simulating contests to determine the relative importance of correlated traits on the winning chances
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Context-dependent scaling of kinematics and energetics during contests and feeding in mantis shrimp
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Behavioral threat and appeasement signals take precedence over static colors in lizard contests
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: The effect of brief or prolonged bouts of winning or losing male-male contests on plasticity in sexually selected traits
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fighting investment of Neolamprologus pulcher after receiving single, reinforcing, and contradictory contest experiences
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Asymmetries affecting aggressive contests between solitary parasitoids: the effect of host species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and code from: Social plasticity and individuality shape variation in contest behaviour
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Winner effects and switching assessment strategies facilitate fast and frugal decisions in territorial contests
<p>Animals compete in contests over limited resources, and contestants with greater fighting ability, or resource holding potential (RHP), typically win contests. Contest strategies have evolved to balance contest costs with the benefit of winning resources. Sometimes, contestants decide to leave by estimating their opponent's relative RHP . This strategy (mutual assessment) is cost-effective because it allows weaker opponents to leave contests against formidable opponents before accruing higher costs. However, acquiring reliable information can be costly. Here, we showed that in snapping shrimp contests, contestants assessed relative RHP quickly and costeffectively by assessing their opponent's recent contest success. By staging 26 contests between randomly matched individuals and 24 contests between RHPmatched individuals, we determined that snapping shrimp assessed their opponent's RHP during initial contest phases but no longer assessed relative RHP during escalated phases. Then, after staging 24 contests between individuals with contest experience the day prior, we found that snapping shrimp integrated RHP and recent contest success to make contest decisions. This strategy facilitated fast and accurate judgments when the recent winner was also larger but often resulted in the larger individual retreating when facing a small recent winner. Notably, these systematic biases were corrected when RHP differences were stark. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that by assessing recent contest success early in a contest, snapping shrimp can avoid risky contests. Furthermore, by integrating recent contest success with direct observations of RHP, contestants avoid losing contests prematurely. Similar assessment strategies may be widespread, because they circumvent risky contests while minimizing premature defeats from weaker recent winners.</p>
Data and code for: Male-male contest limits the expression of assortative mate preferences in a polymorphic poison frog
<p>Co-divergence of sexual traits and mate preferences can lead to assortative mating and subsequently reproductive isolation. However, mate choice rarely operates without intrasexual competition, and the effects of the latter on speciation are often overlooked. Maintaining trait polymorphisms despite gene flow and limiting assortative female preferences for less-competitive male phenotypes are two important roles that male-male competition may play in the speciation process. Both roles rely on the assumption that male-male competition limits the expression of divergent female preferences. We tested this assumption in the highly color-polymorphic strawberry poison frog (<i>Oophaga pumilio</i>). Females prefer males of the local color, suggesting that reproductive isolation may be evolving among color morphs. However, this inference does not account for male-male competition, which is also color-mediated. We housed females with two differently-colored males, and compared reproductive patterns when the more attractive male was the territory holder <i>versus</i> when he was the non-territorial male. Females mated primarily with the territory winner, regardless of coloration, suggesting that when a choice must be made between the two, male territoriality overrides female preferences for male coloration<i>.</i> Our results highlight the importance of considering the combined effects of mate choice and intrasexual competition in shaping phenotypic divergence and speciation.</p>
Behavioral variation in natural contests: integrating plasticity and personality
<p>Animals often interact aggressively when competing over limited resources. Aggressive decisions can be complex, and may result from multiple sources of behavioral variation. The outcome of contests may be explained through contest theory and personality, by considering conjointly plasticity and individual consistency. This integrative approach also allows investigating individual differences in responsiveness to environmental changes. Here we observed multiple agonistic interactions occurring among eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) competing for food resources supplied at different distances from their burrows. Using an individual reaction norm approach, we found that the probability of winning a contest depended on an individual's own intrinsic characteristics (mass, age, but not sex) but was also adjusted to characteristics of its opponents. Winning a contest also depended on extrinsic environmental characteristics such as distance to the contestants' burrows, but not the order of arrival at the feeding patch. We found consistent individual differences in the probability of winning, potentially related to differences in aggressiveness and territoriality. We also found that individuals differed in their plasticity level in response to changes in different characteristics of their social and physical environments. Plasticity, personality and individual differences in responsiveness may thus all play a role in predicting contest outcome and in the evolution of animal contests.</p>
Data from: Contests with deadly weapons: telson sparring in mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda)
Mantis shrimp strike with extreme impact forces that are deadly to prey. They also strike conspecifics during territorial contests, yet theoretical and empirical findings in aggressive behaviour research suggest competitors should resolve conflicts using signals before escalating to dangerous combat. We tested how Neogonodactylus bredini uses two ritualized behaviours to resolve size-matched contests: meral spread visual displays and telson (tailplate) strikes. We predicted that (i) most contests would be resolved by meral spreads, (ii) meral spreads would reliably signal strike force and (iii) strike force would predict contest success. The results were unexpected for each prediction. Contests were not resolved by meral spreads, instead escalating to striking in 33 of 34 experiments. The size of meral spread components did not strongly correlate with strike force. Strike force did not predict contest success; instead, winners delivered more strikes. Size-matched N. bredini avoid deadly combat not by visual displays, but by ritualistically and repeatedly striking each other's telsons until the loser retreats. We term this behaviour 'telson sparring', analogous to sparring in other weapon systems. We present an alternative framework for mantis shrimp contests in which the fight itself is the signal, serving as a non-lethal indicator of aggressive persistence or endurance.
Data from: Let the most motivated win: resource value components affect contest outcome in a parasitoid wasp
Studying physical contests for indivisible resources is a major theme in behavioral ecology. Intensity (aggressiveness) and outcome of such contests may be influenced by individual abilities to gain and keep the resource (Resource Holding Potential, RHP), but also by the value they place in the resource (Resource Value, RV). Contestants can assess resource quality directly (objective RV) or estimate it according to their physiological status and their experience (subjective RV). In some parasitoid species, adult females fight for hosts on which they lay eggs and feed. Here, we studied contests between two females of the solitary parasitoid Eupelmus vuilleti when exploiting simultaneously a host: a fourth instar larva or a pupa of the cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We first demonstrated that fourth instar larvae represent a resource of higher objective RV because offspring that developed on such hosts were heavier. We then showed that both objective (host quality) and subjective (initial egg load and habitat quality) RV did not influence oviposition decisions, but interacted to affect aggressiveness and contests outcome. Females won more frequently when they had more mature eggs than their opponent, but this effect was less pronounced when fighting for a high quality host. In addition, females from high-quality habitat were more aggressive and more frequently won contests over low quality hosts, while females from low quality habitat were more aggressive and more frequently won contests over high quality hosts. This experiment thus highlights the complex relationships existing between key factors that affect animals' conflict resolution.
Data from: Fighting in rounds: males of a Neotropical cricket switch assessment strategies during contests
How animals decide to withdraw from contests is central to understand the evolution of fighting behavior. Game theory models suggest two major types of decision criteria: 1) self-assessment, where individuals withdraw when they reach a cost-threshold determined by their own fighting ability that may or may not be affected by injuries, or 2) mutual assessment, where the decision is based on information about the relative fighting ability of the opponents. Many empirical studies have assumed that opponents use a single strategy throughout the whole fight. However, they often find partial support for a specific model. This might be due to individuals changing their strategy between phases of a contest. In this work, we addressed this issue by evaluating if males of the cricket Melanotes ornata switch their assessment strategy between phases. We used hind femur length as a proxy for fighting ability, as it was the attribute most strongly associated with contest outcome. Overall fight duration was positively associated with the loser's femur length and negatively associated with the winner's femur length, while the probability of escalation to physical aggression was negatively related to the difference in femur between opponents. However, such relationships held only at the first contest phase. During the escalated phase, fight duration was only correlated (although weakly) with femur length of losers. These results indicate that M. ornata males perform mutual assessment in the initial phase but switch their assessment strategy when fights escalate, suggesting a single strategy does not correctly explain how contests are settled.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.