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53 results for “convergent patterns”
Figure 3 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 3. Ventral (A, C, E, G) and dorsal (B, D, F, H) views of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. in morphogenesis (A–D) and regeneration (E–H), after impregnation with protargol. A, an early divider, showing the oral primordium (arrow) and fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen (arrowhead) of the proter. The double arrowheads mark the anlagen for the nonmigratory row, which comes from the posteriormost FVT streak. B, the same specimen as shown in (A), showing the enlarged macronuclear nodules and the formation of the dorsal kinety anlagen (arrows). C, an individual at a late stage of division, with all cirri developed; note the structures that will respectively form the enlarged postoral ventral cirri (arrowheads) and the delicate left ventral cirri (arrows). The double arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. D, the differentiating marginal row (arrows) and dorsal kineties; note that the macronuclear nodules are separating. E, F, an early reorganizer, showing the oral primordium (arrow in E), FVT streak (arrowhead), nonmigratory row (double arrowheads) and dorsal kinety anlagen; the arrows in (F) indicate the anlagen for the right and left marginal rows, which are derived within the parental structure. G, H, a middle-stage reorganizer, with a further proliferation of kinetosomes, showing the first frontal cirrus (arrow in G) generated from the undulating membrane anlagen, the basal bodies developed from FVT streaks (arrowhead), the anlagen for the nonmigratory row (double arrowheads), and the anlagen for the right and left marginal rows (arrows in H). Abbreviations: DK, dorsal kineties; DKA, dorsal kinety anlagen. Scale bars: 40 Mm.
Figure 2 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 2. Photomicrographs of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. from life. A, ventral view of a specimen. B, C, ventral view of slender and fat forms; the arrow indicates the wide and bright oral field. D, lateral view. E, F, lateral (E) and dorsal (F) views, showing the distribution of the granules; the arrows mark the granule rows near the base of each marginal cirrus, the arrowheads point to the granule rows along with midventral rows, and the double arrowheads mark the granule bands in the gap between the somatic kineties. G, H, showing the cortical granules (arrows), the fibres associated with cirri (arrowheads), and a dorsal cilium (double arrowheads). I, focusing on the oral field; note the paroral membrane (arrowhead) and the endoral membrane (arrow). J, the cortical granules (arrow) near the base of marginal cirri. K, lateral view of the posterior portion; arrows point to the enlarged postoral ventral cirri. L, globular lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Scale bars: 50 Mm.
Figure 1 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 1. Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. drawn from life (A–C, E–F) and after impregnation with protargol (D, G–J). A, ventral view of a specimen. B, different body shapes. C, section of the ventral infraciliature, showing the fibres associated with the postoral ventral cirri (double arrowheads) and the obliquely arranged left ventral cirri (arrow). D, distribution of cortical granules (arrow) near the marginal cirri. E, F, distribution of the cortical granules on the ventral (E) and dorsal (F) sides; the arrow indicates the granules along the nonmigratory row, and the arrowheads point to the granular rows along the dorsal kineties. G, left lateral side view of the infraciliature. H–I, ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views of the infraciliature; note the enlarged postoral ventral cirri (dashed lines), the frontal cirri (dashed lines), and the three dorsal kineties (arrows). J, ventral view of an early divider; the arrow indicates the oral primordium of the proter, the arrowheads mark the old endoral membranes in dedifferentiation, and the double arrowhead points to the oral primordium of the opisthe. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral rows; MVR, midventral rows; NMR, nonmigratory row; PM, paroral membrane; PVR, postoral ventral rows; RMR, right marginal row. Scale bars: 40 Mm (A–C, F–J); 15 Mm (E).
Figure 5 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 5. Photomicrographs of regeneration in Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. after impregnation with protargol. A, B, ventral views of middle reorganizers, showing the oral primordium (arrow in A), fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen (arrowheads), and the anlagen for the nonmigratory row (double arrowhead); the arrow in (B) points to the undulating membrane anlagen. C, a middle-stage reorganizer; the arrow marks the first frontal cirrus generated from the undulating membrane anlagen, and the arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. D, dorsal view of the same specimen, showing the anlagen for the left marginal row (arrow) and the dorsal kinety anlagen (arrowheads).
Figure 4 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. after impregnation with protargol. A, infraciliature of the ventral posterior portion, showing the nonmigratory row (arrow), the postoral (arrowheads), and the left ventral cirri (double arrowheads). B, infraciliature of an anterior portion, showing the frontal cirri (arrows), buccal cirri (arrowhead), and the undulating membranes (double arrowheads). C, left lateral view, showing the left ventral rows, and the left marginal row (arrow). D, dorsal kineties, in which kinetosomes become more densely spaced from left to right (arrows). E, dorsal view, showing the anterior portion of the nonmigratory row (arrowhead) and the right marginal row (arrow). F, nuclear apparatus, some with replication bands can be seen. G, H, ventral and dorsal views of an early stage divider, showing the undulating membrane anlagen (arrow in G), FVT anlagen (arrowheads), and the anlagen for the nonmigratory row, which come from the posteriormost FVT streak (double arrowheads) of the opisthe. The arrows in (H) indicate the dorsal kineties anlagen. I, early divider showing the appearance of the oral primordium (arrow) and the enlarged macronuclear nodules of the proter. J, separating ellipsoid macronuclear nodules. K, L, ventral views of a late-stage divider (same specimen), showing the developed cirri of the proter (K) and the opisthe (L); the arrows indicate the migrating postoral and left ventral cirri, and the arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. M, dorsal view of the same specimen shown in (K) and (L), showing the anlagen of the marginal rows (arrows) and the new dorsal kineties.
Patterns of convergence and bound constraint violation in Differential Evolution on SBOX-COST benchmarking suite
<p>The data sets contain information collected during runs of :</p> <ul> <li>DE/rand/1/bin (D=20, N=50, F=0.5, CR=0.5);</li> <li>L-SHADE(D=20, N_init = 18*D)</li> </ul> <p>on all 24 test functions from instances 1-5 and 101-110 from the SBOX-COST and BBOB test suites.</p> <ul> <li>For the <strong>analysis with fixed budget</strong>, the number of independent runs was 30 and the stopping condition NFE (number of function evaluations) was 5000*D.</li> <li>For the <strong>convergence analysis</strong>, 5 independent runs were used for instances 1-5 of the 24 test functions and there was a combined stopping condition consisting of NFE=10000*D, population size larger than 10, variance of the population greater than 10^(-15) and the difference between the global best optimum and known best greater than 10^(-8).</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Release from captivity allows African savannah elephant movement patterns to converge with those of wild and rehabilitated conspecifics
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Data from: United by chewing: Hunter-Schreger band-like pattern and wavy enamel in a fossil crocodile suggest functional convergence with mammals and dinosaurs
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Data from: Evaluating patterns of convergent evolution and trans-species polymorphism at MHC immunogenes in two sympatric stickleback species
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Script and data used in: A lot of convergence, a bit of divergence: environment and interspecific interactions shape body color patterns in Lissotriton newts
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Data from: Getting a head in hard soils: convergent skull evolution and divergent allometric patterns explain shape variation in a highly diverse genus of pocket gophers (Thomomys)
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Data from: Phylo-allometric analyses showcase the interplay between life history patterns and phenotypic convergence in cleaner wrasses
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Data from 'Convergent patterns of body size variation in distinct parasite taxa with convergent life cycles'
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Data from: Genomic architecture of adaptive color pattern divergence and convergence in Heliconius butterflies
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Data from: Agouti-related peptide 2 facilitates convergent evolution of stripe patterns across cichlid fish radiations
The color patterns of African cichlid fishes provide notable examples of phenotypic convergence. Across the more than 1200 East African rift lake species, melanic horizontal stripes have evolved numerous times. We discovered that regulatory changes of the gene agouti-related peptide 2 (agrp2) act as molecular switches controlling this evolutionarily labile phenotype. Reduced agrp2 expression is convergently associated with the presence of stripe patterns across species flocks. However, cis-regulatory mutations are not predictive of stripes across radiations, suggesting independent regulatory mechanisms. Genetic mapping confirms the link between the agrp2 locus and stripe patterns. The crucial role of agrp2 is further supported by a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout that reconstitutes stripes in a nonstriped cichlid. Thus, we unveil how a single gene affects the convergent evolution of a complex color pattern.
Figure 2 from: Winterton SL, Wang Y (2016) Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning. ZooKeys 617: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165
Figure 2 - Gryposmylus pennyi sp. n., male, Sabah, Malaysia (photograph credit: Stephen D. Gaimari).
Figure 3 from: Winterton SL, Wang Y (2016) Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning. ZooKeys 617: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165
Figure 3 - Gryposmylus spp.: A Gryposmylus pubicosta (Walker) (pale form) (Forewing length 16.5 mm) B Gryposmylus pennyi sp. n. (Forewing length 16.0 mm).
Figure 1 from: Winterton SL, Wang Y (2016) Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning. ZooKeys 617: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165
Figure 1 - Gryposmylus pubicosta (Walker), male (dark form) Sabah, Malaysia (photograph credit: Stephen D. Gaimari).
Figure 6 from: Winterton SL, Wang Y (2016) Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning. ZooKeys 617: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165
Figure 6 - Female genitalia of Gryposmylus pennyi sp. n.: Additional abbreviations: gx9, gonocoxite 9; gp9, gonopophysis 9; gs9, gonostylus 9. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 5 from: Winterton SL, Wang Y (2016) Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning. ZooKeys 617: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165
Figure 5 - Male genitalia of Gryposmylus pennyi sp. n.: A lateral view B dorsal view C oblique view. Colour key: gonarcus (red), ectoprocessus (blue), mediuncus (purple), parameres (green), hypandrium internum (orange). Abbreviations: t8, tergite 8; s8, sternite 8; t9, tergite 9; s9, sternite 9; ect, ectoproct; c, callus cercus. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.