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Fig. 2 in New record of the unstalked crinoid Tropiometra macrodiscus (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Tropiometridae) from Korea

Fig. 2. Neighbor joining tree of the aligned 449 bp partial COI sequences for two Tropiometra macrodiscus and 13 crinoids obtained from GenBank. GenBank accession numbers of the species are provided. Bootstrap resampling values were supported at ≥70. Scale bar represents the genetic distance.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in New record of the unstalked crinoid Tropiometra macrodiscus (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Tropiometridae) from Korea

Fig. 1. Tropiometra macrodiscus (Hara, 1895). (A) Lateral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Aboral view; (D) centrodorsal, axillaries; (E) pinnules; (F) cirrus. AX, axillaries; C, centrodorsal; CS, cirrus socket; RA, regenerated arm; GN, gonad. Scale bars = 10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Text-fig. 2. Salairocrinus apertus sp. n. (col.). A – columnal in facetal view. B – columnal in lateral view. C – cross section of columnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová. in New Species Of Crinoids Based On Their Columnals And Stem Fragments (Col.), From The Lower Devonian Zlíchov Limestone (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 2. Salairocrinus apertus sp. n. (col.). A – columnal in facetal view. B – columnal in lateral view. C – cross section of columnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová.

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Text-fig. 1. Restoration of Crinobrachiatus brachiatus (HALL), a crinoid probably related to Simakocrinus, in semi-recumbent orientation. Cirri are depicted on one side of column only. Scale bar is 1 cm. (After Eckert and Brett, 1985). in Simakocrinus Gen. Nov. (Crinoidea, Col.) From The Bohemian Early And Middle Devonian Of The Barrandian Area (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 1. Restoration of Crinobrachiatus brachiatus (HALL), a crinoid probably related to Simakocrinus, in semi-recumbent orientation. Cirri are depicted on one side of column only. Scale bar is 1 cm. (After Eckert and Brett, 1985).

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Text-fig. 3. Mediocrinus stukalinae sp. n. (col.). A – nodal in facetal view. B – pluricolumnal in lateral view. C – cross section of pluricolumnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová. in New Species Of Crinoids Based On Their Columnals And Stem Fragments (Col.), From The Lower Devonian Zlíchov Limestone (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 3. Mediocrinus stukalinae sp. n. (col.). A – nodal in facetal view. B – pluricolumnal in lateral view. C – cross section of pluricolumnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová.

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Text-fig. 2. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate,, NM S 4764, x 3. Specimen with ventral arm coiling. The specimen is on its dorsum in slate with all five rays curled ventrally inward toward mouth area on underside of disk. Barely visible are tips of two jaws; slightly exposed are proximal parts of rays in oral view extending outward from disk. The location of abrupt ventral bending of rays is indicated by emergence from slate of five rays in aboral view that point inward toward buried disk. Based on ventral bending of rays and intimate association with crinoids Eospondylus has been interpreted as stratigraphic first occurrence of Order Euryalida, which contains epizoic gorgonocephalid and euryalid basket-stars of modern oceans. This status is rejected using new evidence from isolated vertebrae. [Photo by Alexander Glass]. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)

Text-fig. 2. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate,, NM S 4764, x 3. Specimen with ventral arm coiling. The specimen is on its dorsum in slate with all five rays curled ventrally inward toward mouth area on underside of disk. Barely visible are tips of two jaws; slightly exposed are proximal parts of rays in oral view extending outward from disk. The location of abrupt ventral bending of rays is indicated by emergence from slate of five rays in aboral view that point inward toward buried disk. Based on ventral bending of rays and intimate association with crinoids Eospondylus has been interpreted as stratigraphic first occurrence of Order Euryalida, which contains epizoic gorgonocephalid and euryalid basket-stars of modern oceans. This status is rejected using new evidence from isolated vertebrae. [Photo by Alexander Glass].

Fig. 11 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 11. Pontoniopsis comanthi Borradaile, ovigerous female (PCL 1.5 mm), Mun Island, Nha Trang Bay: a, general view; b, front of carapace, dorsal view; c, antennule; d, antenna. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 3 mm; c, d = 4 mm.

Fig. 6 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 6. Crinotonia anastasiae, new genus, new species, holotype (e), allotype (a-d, f): a, distal margin of sixth segment and telson, lateral view; b, telson, dorsal; c, uropods; d, e, distal part of telson; f, appendix interna of second male pleopods. Scale bar: a-c = 2 mm; d, e = 0.7 mm; f = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 3 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 3. Mouthparts of Crinotonia anastasiae, new genus, new species, allotype: a, mandibule; b, maxillula; c, maxilla; d, first maxilliped; e, second maxilliped; f, third maxilliped. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 5. Crinotonia anastasiae, new genus, new species, allotype: a-d, dactylus of major second pereiopod. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 4. Crinotonia anastasiae, new genus, new species, allotype: a, first pereiopod; b, c, chela of first pereiopod; d, major second pereiopod; e, minor second pereiopod; f, chela of minor second pereiopod; g, third pereiopod; h, same, ventral margin of propodus; i, dactylus of third pereiopod; j, same, distal part. Scale bar: a, e, g = 1 mm; b, c, f, i = 0.5 mm; d = 2 mm; j =no scale bar.

Fig. 1 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 1. Crinotonia anastasiae, new genus, new species: a, holotype female; b, allotype male. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 7 in Description Of Crinotonia Anastasiae, New Genus, New Species, A New Crinoid Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) From Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, With Inclusion Of Periclimenes Attenuatus Bruce, 1971, In The New Genus

Fig. 7. Crinotonia attenuatus (Bruce), new combination: a, ovigerous female (PCL 3.8 mm); b, male (PCL 2.3 mm). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 3 in Crinoid ancestry without blastozoans

Fig. 3. Line drawings showing oral regions of the derived blastozoan, Glyptocystella loeblichi (A) and crinoid, Hybocrinus nitidus, five wedgeshaped coelomic slots, and madreporic hydropore (inverted U below peristomial opening) (B). Modified from Sprinkle (1982a, b).

Fig. 1 in Crinoid ancestry without blastozoans

Fig. 1. Orals in early pentaradial echinoderms. A. Plesiomorphic template expressing the 2-1-2 pattern. B. Near pentameric symmetry, showing potential pentaradiality through shortening initial branches during ontogeny.

Fig. 8 in Crinoid ancestry without blastozoans

Fig. 8. Examples of derived blastozoans with superficial crinoid-like expressions. A. Eocrinoid Rhopalocystis destombesi Ubaghs, 1963 (PE 52747), Early Ordovician of Morocco; lateral view (A1), showing derived superficially camerate-like thecal plating, lacking continuity between "fixed brachial"-like plates and feeding appendages, "rays" tapering, not aligned with ambulacra tips above; oral surface (A2), showing typical biserial blastozoan brachiole facets. B. Diploporite-like blastozoan Eumorphocystis multiporata Branson and Peck, 1940 (TMM 1107TX2), Late Ordovician of Oklahoma, USA; with arm-like appendages superficially similar to crinoids. A ray feeding appendage stub near theca (B1), showing triserial facets, cross-sectional plate shapes and sub-central ovate canal; thecal summit in A-B interray view (B2), showing abrupt boundary between theca and feeding appendages, feeding appendages with thickplated triserial pattern, diplopore-bearing thecal plates; feeding appendage segment with pinnule-like structures (B3). C, D. Paracrinoid, Platycystites sp., Late Ordovician of Oklahoma, USA; oral surfaces of lenticular thecae, sub-ambulacral lumens revealed by natural spalling of brachiole-bearing ambulacrals, in continuity with the peristome. C. NPL 1113TX17, lumens short. D. NPL 1106TX13, lumens long. All Tremadoc crinoids are non-pinnulate.

Fig. 7 in Crinoid ancestry without blastozoans

Fig. 7. Slat-like ambulacral floor plates of Early Ordovician echinoderms expressing podial basins, pores. A. Ambulacral details of edrioasterid Paredriophus elongatus Guensburg and Sprinkle, 1994 (PE 52740), Utah, USA. Wedge-shaped pore slits bordered by raised rims (A1); pore slits filled with syntaxial overgrowths (A2). B. Undescribed Porocrinus-like cyathocrinine cladid (NPL 1977TX12), Nevada, USA; natural break across distal?A ray arm showing cross section, floor plates, hints of podial pores, pattern similar to disparid taxon A. C. Disparid taxon A (PE 52752), Fillmore Formation, Utah, USA; specimen with intact arm and stem segments strewn over and within a limestone slab, attributed to taxon A using overlapping morphology of five other stratigraphically associated specimens. Slat-like floor plates showing wedge-shaped pores with attenuated rims, well-preserved on left, with open cover plates above (arrow) (C1); polished cross-sec- tion of arm, plates slightly ajar with dark syntaxial overgrowths, cover plates, floor plates, large coelomic space (C2). D. Cladid Apektocrinus ubaghsi Guensburg and Sprinkle, 2009 (TMM 1983TX1), Idaho, USA; B ray mid-arm segment with weathered slat-like floor plates and podial basins.

Fig. 4 in Crinoid ancestry without blastozoans

Fig. 4. Oral/tegmenal regions of Tremadoc, Early Ordovician, crinoids from Utah, USA. A. Protocrinoid Titanocrinus sp. (PE 52723), anterior view, well preserved partial crown with tall conical tegmen, terminating in anal cone (A1); portion of tegmen with interbrachi- al-like platelets extending to tertibrachial (A2). B, C. Protocrinoid Titanocrinus sumralli Guensburg and Sprinkle, 2003. B. PE 52721, C, D ray platelets in web above axial, immersed (B1); weathered tegmen section, tegmen platelets close above fixed C ray plates, no cover plates or axial morphology (B2). C. PE 52724, weathered tegmen section showing platelets. D. Protocrinoid Glenocrinus globularis Guensburg and Sprinkle, 2003 (PE 52733), posterior view, tegmen with anal cone similar to Titanocrinus. E. Eknomocrinus wahwahen- sis Guensburg and Sprinkle, 2003 (PE 52734), largely unexposed oral surface, anal cone in posterior interray at right.

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Fig. 9 in Environmental distribution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids from the Iberian and south-Pyrenean basins, NE Spain

Fig. 9. Cyrtocrinids from the Upper Jurassic Yátova Formation of NE Spain. A. Eugeniacrinites sp. from Aguilón (early late Oxfordian), MPZ-2018/476 in oral (A1) and (A2) lateral views. B. Pilocrinus sp. from Moneva (early late Oxfordian), MPZ-2018/477 in oblique-oral (B1), aboral (B2), and lateral (B3) views. C. Gammarocrinites sp. A from Aguilón (early late Oxfordian), MPZ-2018/478 in oral (C1), aboral (C2), and lateral (C3) views. D. Gammarocrinites sp. B from Tosos (early late Oxfordian), MPZ-2018/479 in oral (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. Tetracrinidae indet. from Aguilón (early late Oxfordian), MPZ-2018/480, basal circlet in oral (E1), aboral (E2), and lateral (E3) views.