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118 results for “cropping systems”
Data on Crop Yield, Nutrient Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Weather of a Vertical Agrivoltaic System in Sweden
<p>The dataset location is latitude 59.55° N and longitude 16.76° E in Kärrbo Prästgård, Sweden. </p> <p>Crop data:</p> <p>Raw data of barley related to yield kernels and straws (kg DM/ha), nitrogen content in kernels (%), crude protein in kernels (%), kernels yield (kg DM/ha), straws yield (kg DM/ha), starch content in kernels (%), and thousand kernel weight (%) from the harvest on September 12<sup>th</sup>, 2023, at the agrivoltaics research site in Kärrbo Prästgård, Sweden. Fifty squared samples (each 0.25 m<sup>2</sup>) distributed in 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E) were collected according to the layout presented in the corresponding publication. Groups A, B and C are based on the spatial location in the crop area between the three vertical rows of PV modules: west side (A), center side (B) and east side (C). Group R corresponds to the reference control plot conditions. Group D represent the crops that are growing in the space between the rows of the conventional ground-mounted PV system with 30° tilt. </p> <p> </p> <p>Weather data:</p> <p>1-hour timeseries averaged data measurements at local time, raw data, not quality controlled from the barley growing season at Kärrbo Prästgård, Sweden from May 7<sup>th</sup> to September 12<sup>th</sup>,2023.</p> <p>Temperature of air (°C), relative humidity (%), relative air pressure (hPa), wind speed (m/s), and precipitation (mm/h) are measured with a Lufft WS600-UMB Smart Weather Sensor located on-site on a 5 m height mast.</p> <p>Global and diffuse horizontal irradiance (W/m<sup>2</sup>) are measured with a Delta-T SPN1 Sunshine Pyranometer.</p> <p>Photosynthetically active radiation (µmol/m<sup>2</sup>/s) is measured with an Apogee PAR Quantum sensor SQ-500.</p>
Data and results for manuscript: "Imaging and functional characterization of crop root systems using spectroscopic electrical impedance measurements"
<p>This package contains measured raw EIT data, electrical imaging results, spectral results from the Debye decomposition, and the Python scripts used to generate the plots in the manuscript titled:<br> <br> Imaging and functional characterization of crop root systems using spectroscopic electrical impedance measurement</p>
data sets for the article Short‑term impact of crop diversifcation on soil carbon fuxes and balance in rainfed and irrigated woody cropping systems under semiarid Mediterranean conditions
<p>Diversifcation practices such as intercropping in woody cropping systems have recently been proposed as a promising management strategy for addressing problems related to soil degradation, climate change mitigation and food security. In this study, we assess the impact of several diversifcation practices in diferent management regimes on the main carbon fuxes regulating the soil carbon balance under semiarid Mediterranean conditions.</p>
Machine learning reveals dynamic controls of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from diverse long-term cropping systems
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Data from: Earthworms do not increase greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) in an ecotron experiment simulating a realistic three-crop rotation system
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Data from: Ecosystem carbon exchange on conversion of Conservation Reserve Program grasslands to annual and perennial cropping systems
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Belowground Biomass on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2015 to 2015)
Dataset Abstract Belowground Biomass samples on the MSCE are infrequent due to the high labor costs. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/138
Data for McGill et.al. 2018. The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest US row cropping system. at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2013 to 2017)
Dataset Abstract Data for Data for McGill et.al. 2018. The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest US row cropping system. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/176
Soil Total Carbon and Total Nitrogen on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1989 to 2001)
Dataset Abstract Soil carbon and nitrogen are presented as % elemental carbon and nitrogen (g C or N / 100 g soil) for the sampling depth of the specific sampling date unless indicated otherwise. Samples were taken with either a 2.5 cm diameter soil corer (sampling by soil depth) or a 10 cm diameter Giddings probe (sampling by soil profile). See Baseline Soil Sampling protocol for general sampling information. For specific sampling details for a particular date, see Soil Sampling Field Log. Soil samples are sieved to 4mm and composited by plot. Soil % elemental carbon and nitrogen values are determined by sample combustion and subsequent TCD gas chromatography, using a Carlo Erba automated CHN analyzer as described in the sampling protocol. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/27
Soil Bulk Density on the Main Cropping System Experiment. at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1995 to 1996)
Dataset Abstract Soil bulk density is used to convert water content by weight to water content by volume and for calculating porosity and void ratio. Bulk density has an inverse relationship with soil structure and soil porosity. Bulk density data were collected using an excavation procedure found in the sampling protocols. Bulk density data are available from the forest sites in 1995 and all sites on the LTER Central Experiment in 1996. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/29
Soil pH on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1989 to 2013)
Dataset Abstract Soil pH was measured on field-moist soils from the LTER Main Site beginning in 1989 and from Successional and Forested sites beginning in 1991. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/31
Nitrogen in Soil Water Chemistry on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1995 to 2019)
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Which pitfall traps and sampling effort to choose to evaluate cropping system effects on spider and carabid assemblages?
<p>Dataset and example of the script (R) used in the simulation approach.</p>
Sustainable landscape, soil and crop management practices enhance biodiversity and yield in conventional cereal systems
<p>1. Input-driven, modern agriculture is commonly associated with large-scale threats to biodiversity, the disruption of ecosystem services and long-term risks to food security and human health. A switch to more sustainable yet highly productive farming practices seems unavoidable. However, an integrative evaluation of targeted management schemes at field and landscape scales is currently lacking. Furthermore, the often-disproportionate influence of soil conditions and agrochemicals on yields may mask the benefits of biodiversity-driven ecosystem services.</p> <p>2. Here, we used a real-world ecosystem approach to identify sustainable management practices for enhanced functional biodiversity and yield on 28 temperate wheat fields. Using path analysis, we assessed direct and indirect links between soil, crop and landscape management with natural enemies and pests, as well as follow-on effects on yield quantity and quality. A paired-field design with a crossed insecticide-fertilizer experiment allowed us to control for the relative influence of soil characteristics and agrochemical inputs.</p> <p>3. We demonstrate that biodiversity-enhancing management options such as reduced tillage, crop rotation diversity and small field size can enhance natural enemies without relying on agrochemical inputs. Similarly, we show that in this system controlling pests and weeds by agrochemical means is less relevant than expected for final crop productivity.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Our study highlights soil, crop and landscape management practices that can enhance beneficial biodiversity while reducing agrochemical usage and negative environmental impacts of conventional agriculture. The diversification of cropping systems and conservation tillage are practical measures most farmers can implement without productivity losses. Combining local measures with improved landscape management may also strengthen the sustainability and resilience of cropping systems in light of future global change.</p>
Data from: Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems
Knowledge of production-system performance is largely based on observations at the experimental plot scale. Although yield gaps between plot-scale and field-scale research are widely acknowledged, their extent and persistence have not been experimentally examined in a systematic manner. At a site in southwest Michigan, we conducted a 6-y experiment to test the accuracy with which plot-scale crop-yield results can inform field-scale conclusions. We compared conventional versus alternative, that is, reduced-input and biologically based–organic, management practices for a corn–soybean–wheat rotation in a randomized complete block-design experiment, using 27 commercial-size agricultural fields. Nearby plot-scale experiments (0.02-ha to 1.0-ha plots) provided a comparison of plot versus field performance. We found that plot-scale yields well matched field-scale yields for conventional management but not for alternative systems. For all three crops, at the plot scale, reduced-input and conventional managements produced similar yields; at the field scale, reduced-input yields were lower than conventional. For soybeans at the plot scale, biological and conventional managements produced similar yields; at the field scale, biological yielded less than conventional. For corn, biological management produced lower yields than conventional in both plot- and field-scale experiments. Wheat yields appeared to be less affected by the experimental scale than corn and soybean. Conventional management was more resilient to field-scale challenges than alternative practices, which were more dependent on timely management interventions; in particular, mechanical weed control. Results underscore the need for much wider adoption of field-scale experimentation when assessing new technologies and production-system performance, especially as related to closing yield gaps in organic farming and in low-resourced systems typical of much of the developing world.
Figure 3 in The Chrysidoidea Wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in Conventional Coffee Crops and Agroforestry Systems in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 3. Venn diagram showing exclusive and shared genera of Chrysidoidea among conventional, agroforestry and transitional systems in the "Pontal do Paranapanema" region, São Paulo, Brazil. Bethylidae in blue, Chrysididae in red and Dryinidae in green color.
Figure 2 in The Chrysidoidea Wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in Conventional Coffee Crops and Agroforestry Systems in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 2. Malaise trap (Townes model) installed in the conventional system (S.J.F. – Conv.), in the "Pontal do Paranapanema" region, São Paulo, Brazil.
Figure 1 in The Chrysidoidea Wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in Conventional Coffee Crops and Agroforestry Systems in Southeastern Brazil
Figure 1. Map showing the collection sites of Chrysidoidea wasps in the conventional, agroforestry and transitional systems in the "Pontal do Paranapanema" area, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The different colored squares represent: S.A. - Conv. (red); S.J.F. - Conv. (green); S.F.- SAF (yellow), S.J.M. - SAF (blue); S.S. - SAF (white); S.M.-Trans. (light blue).
Data from: Highly diversified crop-livestock farming systems reshape wild bird communities
<p>Agricultural intensification is a leading threat to bird conservation. Highly diversified farming systems that integrate livestock and crop production might promote a diversity of habitats useful to native birds foraging across otherwise-simplified landscapes. At the same time, these features might be attractive to non-native birds linked to a broad range of disservices to both crop and livestock production. We evaluated the influence of crop-livestock integration on wild bird richness and density along a north-south transect spanning the U.S. west coast. We surveyed birds on 52 farms that grew primarily mixed vegetables and fruits alone or integrated livestock into production. Crop-livestock systems harbored higher native bird density and richness relative to crop only farms, a benefit more pronounced on farms embedded in non-natural landscapes. Crop-livestock systems bolstered native insectivores linked to the suppression of agricultural pest insects but did not bolster native granivores that may be more likely to damage crops. Crop-livestock systems also significantly increased the density of non-native birds, primarily European starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) and house sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) that may compete with native birds for resources. Models supported a small, positive correlation between non-native density and overall native bird density as well as between non-native density and native granivore density.<a name="_Hlk19446924">Relative to crop-only farms, on average crop-livestock systems exhibited 1.5 times higher patch richness, 2.4 times higher density of farm structures, 7.3 times smaller field sizes, 2.4 times greater integration of woody crops, and 5.3 times greater integration of pasture/hay habitat on farm.</a> Wild birds may have responded to this habitat diversity and/or associated food resources. Individual farm factors had significantly lower predictive power than farming system alone (ΔCIC = 80.2), suggesting crop-livestock systems may impact wild birds through a suite of factors that change with system conversion. Collectively, our findings suggest that farms that integrate livestock and crop production can attract robust native bird communities, especially within landscapes devoted to intensified food production. However, additional work is needed to demonstrate persistent farm bird communities through time, eco-physiological benefits to birds foraging on these farms, and net effects of both native and non-native wild birds in agroecosystems. </p>
Data from: Nitrous oxide emissions during establishment of eight alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central United States
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils are a key sustainability metric of cropping systems. During crop establishment, disruptive land-use change is known to be a critical, but under reported period, for determining GHG emissions. We measured soil N2O emissions and potential environmental drivers of these fluxes from a three-year establishment-phase bioenergy cropping systems experiment replicated in southcentral Wisconsin (ARL) and southwestern Michigan (KBS). Cropping systems treatments were annual monocultures (continuous corn, corn–soybean–canola rotation), perennial monocultures (switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar), and perennial polycultures (native grass mixture, early successional community, and restored prairie) all grown using best management practices specific to the system. Cumulative three-year N2O emissions from annuals were 142% higher than from perennials, with fertilized perennials 190% higher than unfertilized perennials. Emissions ranged from 3.1 to 19.1 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for the annuals with continuous corn > corn–soybean–canola rotation and 1.1 to 6.3 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for perennials. Nitrous oxide peak fluxes typically were associated with precipitation events that closely followed fertilization. Bayesian modeling of N2O fluxes based on measured environmental factors explained 33% of variability across all systems. Models trained on single systems performed well in most monocultures (e.g., R2 = 0.52 for poplar) but notably worse in polycultures (e.g., R2 = 0.17 for early successional, R2 = 0.06 for restored prairie), indicating that simulation models that include N2O emissions should be parameterized specific to particular plant communities. Our results indicate that perennial bioenergy crops in their establishment phase emit less N2O than annual crops, especially when not fertilized. These findings should be considered further alongside yield and other metrics contributing to important ecosystem services.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.