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Fig. 5 in Diversification Pattern of the Widespread Holarctic Cuckoo Bumble Bee, Bombus flavidus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The East Side Story

Fig. 5. Dendrogram based on cephalic labial gland secretions of Bombus flavidus with represented Eastern Nearctic (purple) and Palearctic + western Nearctic (green) lineages. This cluster was obtained by hierarchical clustering using an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based on correlation distance matrices calculated from the relative abundance of the compounds present in cephalic labial gland secretions (CLGS).The values near nodes represent multiscale bootstrap resampling values. Multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) indicates level of CLGS differentiation between taxa.

Fig. 1 in Diversification Pattern of the Widespread Holarctic Cuckoo Bumble Bee, Bombus flavidus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The East Side Story

Fig. 1. Global distribution of Bombus flavidus (Palearctic) and Bombus fernaldae (Nearctic). Distributional ranges are approximated based on literature records (Williams et al. 2014; Ascher and Pickering 2020) and thus are not meant to be accurate at a fine scale.

Fig. 9 in Diversification Pattern of the Widespread Holarctic Cuckoo Bumble Bee, Bombus flavidus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The East Side Story

Fig. 9. Geographic distribution of B. flavidus color patterns in Oregon. (A) Average percent of individual yellow pile; (B) boxplots comparing total body pile percent yellow between individuals from Western and Eastern localities.The asterisks indicate a significant different between boxplots (unpaired two-tailed t-test, ***P <0.0001).

Fig. 4 in Diversification Pattern of the Widespread Holarctic Cuckoo Bumble Bee, Bombus flavidus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The East Side Story

Fig. 4. Median-joining network of haplotypes based on nuclear genes ITS and PEPCK. Circle sizes are proportional to frequencies of haplotypes. Colors of haplotypes refer to geographic areas (Fig. 3). Black bars on lines represent the number of mutation(s) between two close haplotypes. Black circles are outgroups (B. skorikovi and B. norvegicus).

Fig. 6 in Diversification Pattern of the Widespread Holarctic Cuckoo Bumble Bee, Bombus flavidus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The East Side Story

Fig. 6. (A) Ordination of individuals of Bombus flavidus along the first two principal components (PCA1 and PCA2) of the principal components analysis of the landmark configuration variability. (B) Ordination of individuals of Bombus flavidus along the two first axes (LDA1 and LDA2) of the linear discriminant analysis of the landmark configuration variability.

Fig. 8 in Diversification Pattern of the Widespread Holarctic Cuckoo Bumble Bee, Bombus flavidus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The East Side Story

Fig. 8. Global distribution of color patterns of Bombus flavidus. The extremes and intermediates of color observed are shown for each region. Color patterns with asterisks (Scandinavia) were extracted from LØken (1985).

FIGURE 3 in Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov., a new cuckoo bee from southeastern Brazil with a key to the species of Coelioxoides Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 3. Coelioxoides exulans. Male: (A) dorsal view of forewing. Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. Female: (B) lateral view of S6. Coelioxoides punctipennis. Male: (C) lateral view of forewing. Coelioxoides waltheriae. Female: (D) lateral view of S6. Photos by L.C. Rocha-Filho.

FIGURE 2 in Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov., a new cuckoo bee from southeastern Brazil with a key to the species of Coelioxoides Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 2. Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. Female: (A) oblique view of clypeus and labrum (labrum tubercle and clypeus ridge indicated by black arrows); (B) dorsal view of scutellum; (C) ventral view of S5; (D) lateral view of S6. Male: (E) dorsal view of T7; (F) ventral view of S4 –S5; (G) S7; (H) S8; (I) dorsal view of genitalia. Photos by L.C. Rocha-Filho.

FIGURE 1 in Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov., a new cuckoo bee from southeastern Brazil with a key to the species of Coelioxoides Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 1. Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. Female, holotype: (A) lateral view; (B) frontal view; (C) dorsal view. Male: (D) lateral view; (E) frontal view; (F) dorsal view. Scale bars = 2mm. Ownership rights to these images and their copyright belong to Coleção Entomológica "Prof. J.M.F.Camargo" (RPSP); photos by E.A.B. Almeida.

FIGURE 5 in Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov., a new cuckoo bee from southeastern Brazil with a key to the species of Coelioxoides Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 5. Coelioxoides punctipennis. Male: (A) dorsal view of scutellum and propodeum; (B) frontal view of pronotal lobe; (C) ventral view of S4–S5. Coelioxoides waltheriae. Female: (D) dorsal view of scutellum and propodeum; (E) frontal view of pronotal lobe. Male: (F) ventral view of S4–S5. Photos by L.C. Rocha-Filho.

FIGURE 4 in Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov., a new cuckoo bee from southeastern Brazil with a key to the species of Coelioxoides Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

FIGURE 4. Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. Female: (A) dorsal view of scutellum and propodeum; (B) ventral view of S5. Male: (C) ventral view of S4–S5. Coelioxoides exulans. Female: (D) dorsal view of scutellum and propodeum; (E) ventral view of S5. Male: (F) ventral view of S4–S5. Photos by L.C. Rocha-Filho.

FIGURES 139–174 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 139–174. Male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views. 139, 140—Sphecodes albilabris; 141, 142—S. alternatus; 143, 144—S. crassanus; 145, 146—S. crassus; 147, 148—S. croaticus; 149, 150—S. cristatus; 151, 152—S. ephippius; 153, 154—S. ferruginatus; 155, 156—S. geoffrellus; 157, 158—S. gibbus; 159, 160—S. hyalinatus; 161, 162—S. intermedius; 163, 164—S. majalis; 165, 166—S. marginatus; 167, 168—S. miniatus; 169, 170—S. monilicornis; 171, 172—S. longulus; 173, 174—S. nomioidis.

FIGURES 133–138. Males. 133 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 133–138. Males. 133—Sphecodes geoffrellus, sculpture of tergites 1–3; 134—S. miniatus, sculpture of tergites 1–3; 135—S. zangherii, head, dorsal oblique view; 136—S. zangherii, sculpture of tergum 1; 137—S. miniatus, head, dorsal oblique view; 138—S. zangherii, scutum.

FIGURES 109–118. Males. 109 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 109–118. Males. 109—Sphecodes ruficrus, sculpture of tergites 1–2; 110—S. ephippius, sculpture of tergites 1–2; 111—S. ruficrus, all body, dorsal view; 112—S. puncticeps, sculpture of tergites 1–2; 113—S. pellucidus, sculpture of tergites 1–2; 114—S. pellucidus, antenna; 115—S. puncticeps, antenna; 116—S. dusmeti, antenna; 117—S. ephippius, sculpture of scutellum; 118—S. longulus, sculpture of scutellum.

FIGURES 87–96. Males. 87 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 87–96. Males. 87—Sphecodes spinulosus, hind tibia, lateral view; 88—S. monilicornis, hind tibia, lateral view; 89—S. rufiventris, mesopleura; 90—S. rufiventris, antenna; 91—S. cristatus, scutum; 92—S. olivieri, scutum; 93—S. scabricollis, head and scutum, dorsal view; 94—S. cristatus, antenna; 95—S. olivieri, antenna; 96—S. albilabris, scutum.

FIGURES 74–86. Females. 74 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 74–86. Females. 74—Sphecodes miniatus, head, frontal view; 75—S. marginatus, head, frontal view; 76—S. nomioidis, head, frontal view; 77—S. miniatus, scutum; 78—S. marginatus, scutum; 79—S. nomioidis, scutum; 80—S. miniatus, sculpture of tergum 2; 81—S. marginatus, sculpture of tergum 2; 82—S. nomioidis, sculpture of tergum 2; 83, 84—S. miniatus, pygidium, oblique and dorsal view; 85—S. marginatus, pygidium, dorsal view; 86—S. nomioidis, pygidium, dorsal view.

FIGURES 175–204 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 175–204. Male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views. 175, 176—Sphecodes olivieri; 177, 178—S. pellucidus; 179, 180—S. pinguiculus; 181, 182—S. pseudofasciatus; 183, 184—S. puncticeps; 185, 186—S. reticulatus; 187, 188—S. rubicundus; 189, 190—S. ruficrus; 191, 192—S. rufiventris; 193, 194—S. scabricollis; 195, 196—S. schenckii; 197, 198—S. spinulosus; 199, 200—S. zangherii; 201, 202—S. dusmeti; 203, 204—S. niger.

FIGURES 62–73. Females. 62 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 62–73. Females. 62—Sphecodes dusmeti, head, frontal view; 63—S. crassus, head, frontal view; 64—S. geoffrellus, head, frontal view; 65—S. crassus, dorsal part of mesopleura; 66—S. geoffrellus, dorsal part of mesopleura; 67—S. crassus, sculpture of tergum 2 and 3; 68—S. geoffrellus, sculpture of tergum 2 and 3; 69—S. crassus, antenna; 70—S. geoffrellus, antenna; 71—S. miniatus, antenna; 72—S. miniatus, head, lateral view; 73—S. nomioidis, head, lateral view.

FIGURES 97–108. Males. 97 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 97–108. Males. 97—Sphecodes monilicornis, head, frontal view; 98—S. reticulatus, head, frontal view; 99—S. monilicornis, sculpture of tergites 1–3; 100—S. gibbus, head, sculpture of vertex; 101—S. reticulatus, head, sculpture of vertex; 102—S. schenckii, head, sculpture of vertex and antenna; 103—S. gibbus, antenna; 104—S. reticulatus, sculpture of tergite 4; 105—S. alternatus, sculpture of tergite 4; 106—S. crassanus, sculpture of tergite 4; 107—S. alternatus, terminal flagellomeres; 108—S. crassanus, terminal flagellomeres.

FIGURES 39–47. Females. 39 in Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)

FIGURES 39–47. Females. 39—Sphecodes pellucidus, pygidium; 40—S. crassus, pygidium; 41—S. crassus, sculpture of clypeus; 42—S. ephippius, sculpture of clypeus; 43—S. ruficrus, all body, dorsal view; 44—S. rubicundus, hind wing venation; 45—S. rubicundus, apical margin of tergum 1; 46—S. ephippius, apical margin of tergum 1; 47—S. pellucidus, head, frontal view.