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FIGURE 30 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 30. Bayesian tree (TPM 2 uf + G) for Aegla species based on partial fragment of 16 S. Node numbers represent posterior probabilities (values <50 % are not shown), and divergence time in millions of years (my); * indicates the calibration points to molecular clock. The clade C proposed by Pérez-Losada et al. (2004) is highlighted in grey. The basin and sub-basin origin of the discussed species in this study are shown after the specific names.

FIGURE 24. A – L in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 24. A – L, proximal portion of fifth pereiopod showing coxa and sexual tube of long and narrow type. A – B, Aegla paulensis Schmitt, 1942 s. str., male topotype (MZUSP 34368). C – D, Aegla rosanae Campos Jr., 1998, male topotype (MZUSP 34369). E – F, Aegla vanini n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34372). G – H, Aegla japi n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34375). I – J, Aegla jaragua n. sp. male paratype (MZUSP 34378). K-L, Aegla jundiai n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 13490). Bars: A – D, F – H, J = 200 µm; K, L = 100 µm; E, I = 500 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 8. Types of Aegla Leach, 1820 male sexual tubes. A, long and narrow (A. lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015, MZUSP 34403). B, short and wide (A. leptochela Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, MZUSP 34491).

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of Aegla in four main hydrographic basins of southern Brazil: Rio Grande, Rio Tietê (Upper Paraná system), Rio Paraíba do Sul and Ribeira de Iguape. Indications L 1 through L 7 refer to the locations mentioned under “ sampling area ” in the Material & Methods section.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Data on the taxon and morpho-specific year-round diet and endozoochorous seed dispersal of the world's largest grouse, the Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus

Here we present the quantitative data from our original high-resolution taxon- and morpho-specific dietary study based on cuticle microhistological analyses of food remains from the feces of Western Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus. By providing integrative quantitative dietary data based on the functional classification of different plant parts representing 49 kinds of plant food items from four major food categories (leaves, buds, inflorescences, and fruits), and intact seeds, arthropods, and mineral particles (grit), our dataset has potential applications in dietary studies, dispersal capabilities, and the reintroduction biology of gallinaceous birds.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data and code for: A supergene controlling social structure in Alpine ants also affects the dispersal ability and fecundity of each sex

Social organisation, dispersal and fecundity co-evolve, but whether they are genetically linked remains little known. Supergenes are prime candidates for coupling adaptive traits and mediating sex-specific trade-offs. Here, we test whether a supergene that controls social structure in Formica selysi also influences dispersal-related traits and fecundity within each sex. In this ant species, single-queen colonies contain only the ancestral supergene haplotype M and produce MM queens and M males, while multi-queen colonies contain the derived haplotype P and produce MP queens, PP queens, and P males. By combining multiple experiments, we show that the M haplotype induces phenotypes with higher dispersal potential and higher fecundity, for both sexes. Specifically, MM queens, MP queens, and M males are more aerodynamic and more fecund than PP queens and P males, respectively. Differences between MP and PP queens from the same colonies reveal a direct genetic effect of the supergene on dispersal-related traits and fecundity. The derived haplotype P, associated with multi-queen colonies, produces queens and males with reduced dispersal abilities and lower fecundity. More broadly, similarities between the Formica and Solenopsis systems reveal that supergenes play a major role in linking behavioural, morphological, and physiological traits associated with intraspecific social polymorphisms.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Data from: Evolution of dispersal, habit, and pollination in Africa pushed Apocynaceae diversification after the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition

Apocynaceae (the dogbane and milkweed family) is one of the ten largest flowering plant families, with approximately 5,350 species and diverse morphology and ecology, ranging from large trees and lianas that are emblematic of tropical rainforests, to herbs in temperate grasslands, to succulents in dry, open landscapes, and to vines in a wide variety of habitats. Despite a specialized and conservative basic floral architecture, Apocynaceae are hyperdiverse in flower size, corolla shape, and especially derived floral morphological features. These are mainly associated with the development of corolline and/or staminal coronas and a spectrum of integration of floral structures culminating with the formation of a gynostegium and pollinaria—specialized pollen dispersal units. To date, no detailed analysis has been conducted to estimate the origin and diversification of this lineage in space and time. Here, we use the most comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of Apocynaceae, which includes approximately 20% of the species covering all major lineages, and information on species number and distributions obtained from the most up-to-date monograph of the family to investigate the biogeographical history of the lineage and its diversification dynamics. South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia (potentially including Oceania), were recovered as the most likely ancestral area of extant Apocynaceae diversity; this tropical climatic belt in the equatorial region retained the oldest extant lineages and these three tropical regions likely represent museums of the family. Africa was confirmed as the cradle of pollinia-bearing lineages and the main source of Apocynaceae intercontinental dispersals. We detected 12 shifts toward accelerated species diversification, of which 11 were in the APSA clade (apocynoids, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae), eight of these in the pollinia-bearing lineages and six within Asclepiadoideae. Wind-dispersed comose seeds, climbing growth form, and pollinia appeared sequentially within the APSA clade and probably work synergistically in the occupation of drier and cooler habitats. Overall, we hypothesize that temporal patterns in diversification of Apocynaceae was mainly shaped by a sequence of morphological innovations that conferred higher capacity to disperse and establish in seasonal, unstable, and open habitats, which have expanded since the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Data for 'Selfish migrants: How a meiotic driver is selected to increase dispersal'

Data for 'Selfish migrants: How a meiotic driver is selected to increase dispersal' Please refer to the README for information.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Data from: Seed fate in ant-mediated dispersal: Seed dispersal effectiveness in the Ectatomma ruidum (Formicidae) - Zanthoyxlum ekmanii (Rutaceae) system

Plants are often dispersal limited relying on passive or active agents to find suitable microhabitats for germination. Seeds of pioneer tree species, for example, require light gaps for growth but have short median dispersal distances and often do not provide a food reward to encourage animal dispersal. Zanthoxylum ekmanii seeds are frequently moved by ants but evaluating the effectiveness of ant-mediated seed removal requires knowledge of the species moving the seeds, how far they are moved, and the deposition site. To assess the effectiveness of ants as seed dispersers of Z. ekmanii, we utilized the seed dispersal effectiveness framework. We tracked the movement of seeds from caches on the forest floor, revealing that foragers of Ectatomma ruidum moved 32.8% of seeds an average first distance of 99.8 cm with 68.3% of those seeds taken into a colony. The quality of deposition location was assessed using a seedling emergence study where freshly germinated seeds were buried at different depths. Seedlings were primarily able to emerge from the shallowest depths. Wax castings of E. ruidum colonies demonstrated that seeds brought into the colony were deposited in chambers that had larvae present and experienced more damage than seeds unhandled by ants. Foragers, however, did not have a strong enough bite force to rupture Z. ekmanii seeds likely because their muscle morphology is not structured to maximize force generation. Overall, E. ruidum may help fine tune deposition location, incorporating seeds into the topsoil, though few seeds will likely emerge if soil bioturbation is low.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Data from: Unravelling the causes and consequences of dispersal syndromes in a wild passerine

Evidence accumulates that dispersal is correlated with individual behavioural phenotype ('dispersal syndrome'). The evolutionary causes and consequences of such covariation depend on the degree of plasticity vs inheritance of the traits, which requires challenging experiments to implement in mobile organisms. Here, we combine a forced dispersal experiment, natural colonisation and longitudinal data to establish if dispersal and aggression levels are integrated and to test their adaptive nature in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). We found that (forced) dispersers behaved more aggressively in their first breeding year after dispersal and decreased their aggression in following years. Strength of dispersal syndrome and direction of fecundity selection on aggression in newly colonised areas varied between years. We propose that the net benefits of aggression for dispersers increase under harsh conditions (e.g. low food abundance). This hypothesis now warrants further testing. Overall, this study provides unprecedented experimental evidence that dispersal syndromes can be remodelled via adaptive plasticity depending on the individuals' local breeding experience and/or year-specific ecological conditions. It highlights the importance of individual behavioural variation in population dynamics.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: Forest degradation limits the complementarity and quality of animal seed dispersal

Forest degradation changes the structural heterogeneity of forests and species communities, with potential consequences for ecosystem functions including seed dispersal by frugivorous animals. While the quantity of seed dispersal may be robust towards forest degradation, changes in the effectiveness of seed dispersal through qualitative changes are poorly understood. Here, we carried out extensive field sampling on the structure of forest microhabitats, seed deposition sites, and plant recruitment along three characteristics of forest microhabitats (canopy cover, ground vegetation, deadwood) in Europe's last lowland primeval forest (Białowieża, Poland). We then applied niche modelling to study forest degradation effects on multi-dimensional seed deposition by frugivores and recruitment of fleshy-fruited plants. Forest degradation was shown to (1) reduce the niche volume of forest microhabitat characteristics by half, (2) homogenize the spatial seed deposition within and among frugivore species, and (3) limit the regeneration of plants via changes in seed deposition and recruitment. Our study shows that the loss of frugivores in degraded forests is accompanied by a reduction in the complementarity and quality of seed dispersal by remaining frugivores. In contrast, structure-rich habitats, such as old-growth forests, safeguard the diversity of species interactions, forming the basis for high-quality ecosystem functions.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Data from: Influence of the properties of different graphene-based nanomaterials dispersed in polycaprolactone membranes on astrocytic differentiation

Abstract Composites of polymer and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) combine easy processing onto porous 3D membrane geometries due to the polymer and cellular differentiation stimuli due to GBNs fillers. Aimingto step forward to the clinical application of polymer/GBNs composites, this study performs a systematic and detailed comparative analysis of the influence of the properties of four different GBNs: i) graphene oxide obtained from graphite chemically processes (GO); ii) reduced graphene oxide (rGO); iii) multilayered graphene produced by mechanical exfoliation method (Gmec); and iv) low-oxidized graphene via anodic exfoliation (Ganodic); dispersed in polycaprolactone (PCL) porous membranes to induce astrocytic differentiation. PCL/GBN flat membranes were fabricated by phase inversion technique and broadly characterized in morphology and topography, chemical structure, hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, and electrical properties. Cellular assays with rat C6 glioma cells, as model for cell-specific astrocytes, were performed. Remarkably, low GBN loading (0.67 %wt.) caused an important difference in the response of the C6 differentiation among PCL/GBN membranes. PCL/rGO and PCL/GO membranes presented the highest biomolecule markers for astrocyte differentiation. Our results pointed to the chemical structural defects in rGO and GO nanomaterials and the protein adsorption mechanisms as the most plausible cause conferring distinctive properties to PCL/GBN membranes for the promotion of astrocytic differentiation. Overall, our systematic comparative study provides generalizable conclusions and new evidences to discern the role of GBNs features for future research on 3D PCL/graphene composite hollow fiber membranes for in vitroneural models.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Data for: "Dynamic species distribution modeling reveals the pivotal role of human-mediated long-distance dispersal in plant invasion"

All the data needed to reproduce the results and Figures of our article: Botella, C., Bonnet, P., Hui, C., Joly, A., & Richardson, D. M. (2022). Dynamic Species Distribution Modeling Reveals the Pivotal Role of Human-Mediated Long-Distance Dispersal in Plant Invasion. Biology, 11(9), 1293. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293">https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293</a> Please, find the R scripts and guidelines to reproduce our results on the article's Github repository : <a href="https://github.com/ChrisBotella/plectranthus_barbatus/tree/main">https://github.com/ChrisBotella/plectranthus_barbatus/tree/main</a>

opencc-by-3.0-usAug 2022View details →

Net Enclosures Disrupt Codling Moth Dispersal Not Establishment - Data Set

To maintain control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)), apple growers have pursued the use of exclusion netting. The structures implemented range from row covers which are supported by the tree canopy and tied off to the trunk, to full block enclosures which are supported by trellis systems and allow access for workers and equipment. It is uncertain if these nets provide a physical or behavioral barrier to codling moth and if they can prevent establishment in new blocks. To determine the effects of netting we conducted field trials with wild and sterile moths using small (3 trees) and large (48 trees) cages to evaluate the permeability of the netting and the establishment of wild moths.These are the data from those experiments which are used for the publication in Agricultural and Forest Entomology entitled, "Net enclosures disrupt codling moth dispersal not establishment".

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data for: Co-evolution of dormancy and dispersal in spatially autocorrelated landscapes

The evolution of dispersal can be driven by spatial processes, such as landscape structure, and temporal processes, such as disturbance. Dormancy, or dispersal in time, is generally thought to evolve in response to temporal processes. In spite of broad empirical and theoretical evidence of trade-offs between dispersal and dormancy, we lack evidence that spatial structure can drive the evolution of dormancy. Here, we develop a simulation-based model of the joint evolution of dispersal and dormancy in spatially heterogeneous landscapes. We show that dormancy and dispersal are each favored under different landscape conditions, but not simultaneously under any of the conditions we tested. We further show that, when dispersal distances are short, dormancy can evolve directly in response to landscape structure. In this case, selection is primarily driven by benefits associated with avoiding kin competition. Our results are similar in both highly simplified and realistically complex landscapes.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Supporting code and data to reproduce analysis for: Genomic signatures of past megafrugivore-mediated dispersal in Malagasy palms

Seed dispersal affects gene flow and hence genetic differentiation of plant populations. During the Late Quaternary, most fruit-eating and seed-dispersing megafauna went extinct, but whether these animals have left signatures in the population genetics of their food plants, particularly those with large, 'megafaunal' fruits (i.e., > 4 cm – megafruits), remains unclear. Here, we assessed the population history, genetic differentiation, and recent migration among populations of four animal-dispersed palm (Arecaceae) species with large (Borassus madagascariensis), medium-sized (Hyphaene coriacea, Bismarckia nobilis), and small (Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis) fruits on Madagascar. We integrated double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) of 167 individuals from 25 populations with (past) distribution ranges for extinct and extant seed-dispersing animals (e.g., giant lemurs, elephant birds), landscape and human impact data, and applied linear mixed-effects models to explore the drivers of genetic variation in Malagasy palms. Palm populations that shared more megafrugivore species in the past had lower genetic differentiation than populations that shared fewer megafrugivore species. This suggests that megafrugivore-mediated seed dispersal in the past may have led to frequent gene flow among populations. In comparison, extant frugivore diversity only decreased genetic differentiation in the small-fruited palm. Furthermore, genetic differentiation decreased with landscape connectivity (i.e., environmental suitability, forest cover and river density), and human impact (i.e., road density) has decreased genetic differentiation among populations. Synthesis: Our results suggest that the legacy of megafrugivores regularly achieving long dispersal distances is still reflected in the population genetics of palms that were formerly dispersed by such animals. Furthermore, low genetic differentiation was possibly maintained after the megafauna extinctions through alternative dispersal (e.g., human- or river-mediated), long generation times, and long lifespans of these megafruit palms. Our study illustrates how species interactions that happened >1000 years ago can leave imprints in population genetics.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data for Robust Algorithms for the analysis of the FFC-NMRD dispersion curves

Data for article

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Figure S1 in First data on population estimates and dispersal of Montenegrina subcristata - a field study at Virpazar, Montenegro

Figure S1. Snail counts (y axis) at sites A (above) and B (below) for the three cohorts showing unmarked and recaptures separately for each visit: juveniles too small to mark, juveniles newly dotted, dotted juveniles recaptured, newly marked adult and subadult individuals, already marked adult and subadult individuals (recaptures).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Figure 9 in First data on population estimates and dispersal of Montenegrina subcristata - a field study at Virpazar, Montenegro

Figure 9. Temperature and humidity profiles at sites A, B, and C between April and December 2017. TA = temperature at site A (three loggers), TB = temperature at site B (three loggers), TC = temperature at site C (three loggers). HA, HB, HC = humidity profile at sites A, B, and C, respectively. Some missing data are due to temporal failure of some loggers. Humidity loggers stopped to function completely in the middle of October at all three sites.