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35 results for “defensive trait”
Trade-offs between defense and competitive traits in a planktonic predator-prey system
<p>Data repository from the paper "Trade-offs between defense and competitive traits in a planktonic predator-prey system" by Réveillon T. and Becks L. published in the journal Ecology.</p>
UV radiation affects anti-predatory defense traits in Daphnia pulex
In aquatic environments prey perceive predator threats by chemical cues called kairomones, which can induce changes in their morphology, life histories and behavior. Predator-induced defenses have allowed for prey, such as Daphnia pulex, to avert capture by common invertebrate predators, such as Chaoborus sp. larvae. However, the influence of additional stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), on the Daphnia-Chaoborus interaction is not settled as UVR may for instance deactivate the kairomone. In laboratory experiments, we investigated the combined effect of kairomones and UVR at ecologically relevant levels on induced morphological defenses of two D. pulex clones. We found that kairomones were not deactivated by UVR exposure. Instead, UVR exposure suppressed induced morphological defense traits of D. pulex juveniles under predation threat by generally decreasing the number of neckteeth and especially by decreasing the size of the pedestal beneath the neckteeth. UVR exposure also decreased the body length, body width, and tail spine length of juveniles, likely additionally increasing the vulnerability to Chaoborus predation. Our results suggest potential detrimental effects on fitness and survival of D. pulex subject to UVR-stress, with consequences on community composition and food web structure in clear and shallow water bodies.
UV radiation affects anti-predatory defense traits in Daphnia pulex
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Data from: Phylogenetic and experimental tests of interactions among mutualistic plant defense traits in Viburnum (Adoxaceae)
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Data from: Antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits
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Host plant defense produces species-specific alterations to flight muscle protein structure and flight-related fitness traits of two armyworms
<p>Insects manifest phenotypic plasticity in their development and behavior in response to plant defenses, via molecular mechanisms that produce tissue-specific changes. Phenotypic changes might vary between species that differ in their preferred hosts and these effects could extend beyond larval stages. To test this, we manipulated the diet of southern armyworm (SAW; Spodoptera eridania) and fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) using a tomatomutant for jasmonic acid plant defense pathway (def1), and wild-type plants, and then quantified gene expression of Troponin t (Tnt) and flight muscle metabolism of the<br> adult insects. Differences in Tnt spliceform ratios in insect flight muscles correlate with changes to flight muscle metabolism and flight<br> muscle output. We found that SAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a higher relative abundance (RA) of the A isoform of Troponin t (Tnt A) in their flight muscles; in contrast, FAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a lower RA of Tnt A in their flight muscles compared with adults reared on def1 and controls. Although massadjusted flightmetabolic rate showed no independent host plant effects in either species, higher flight metabolic rates in SAW correlated with increased RA of Tnt A. Flight muscle metabolism also showed an interaction of host plants with Tnt A in both species, suggesting that host plants might be influencing flight muscle metabolic output by altering Tnt. This study illustrates how insects respond to variation in host plant chemical defense by phenotypic modifications to their flight muscle proteins, with possible implications for dispersal.</p>
Data from: Relaxation of herbivore-mediated selection drives the evolution of genetic covariances between plant competitive and defense traits
Insect herbivores are important mediators of selection on traits that impact plant defense against herbivory and competitive ability. Although recent experiments demonstrate a central role for herbivory in driving rapid evolution of defense and competition-mediating traits, whether and how herbivory shapes heritable variation in these traits remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the structure and evolutionary stability of the G matrix for plant metabolites that are involved in defense and allelopathy in the tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. We show that G has evolutionarily diverged between experimentally-replicated populations that evolved in the presence versus the absence of ambient herbivory, providing direct evidence for the evolution of G by natural selection. Specifically, evolution in an herbivore-free habitat altered the orientation of G, revealing a negative genetic covariation between defense- and competition-related metabolites that is typically masked in herbivore-exposed populations. Our results may be explained by predictions of classical quantitative genetic theory, as well as the theory of acquisition-allocation trade-offs. The study provides compelling evidence that herbivory drives the evolution of plant genetic architecture.
Data from: Relaxation of herbivore-mediated selection drives the evolution of genetic covariances between plant competitive and defense traits
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Data from: Genetic and phenotypic relationships between immune defense, melanism and life history traits at different temperatures and sexes in Tenebrio molitor
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Data from: Enemy at the gates: rapid defensive trait diversification in an adaptive radiation of lizards
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Data from: Defense traits of larval Drosophila melanogaster exhibit genetically based tradeoffs against different species of parasitoids
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Data from: Defensive traits exhibit an evolutionary trade-off and drive diversification in ants
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Host plant defense produces species-specific alterations to flight muscle protein structure and flight-related fitness traits of two armyworms
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Trait Anxiety and Defensive Networks
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02682888. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
NaMYB8 regulates distinct, optimally distributed herbivore defense traits
GEO Series GSE102933. Nicotiana attenuata. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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