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333 results for “demography”
White spruce demography and herbivory by snowshoe hares measured along elevational gradients in Denali National Park II - Sub Plot Data
Treelines in Alaska are advancing in elevation and latitude because of climate warming, which is expanding the habitat available for boreal wildlife species, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Snowshoe hares are already present in tall shrub communities beyond treeline and are the main browser of white spruce (Picea glauca), the dominant tree species at treeline in Alaska. We investigated the processes involved in a 'snowshoe hare filter' to white spruce establishment near treeline in Denali National Park. We hypothesized that surrounding vegetation would influence the likelihood of spruce being browsed by hares. Therefore, at each plot we estimated ramet density for all associated woody vegetation using one square-meter subplots. Within these subplots we also counted the total number of hare fecal pellets found on the ground.
White spruce demography and herbivory by snowshoe hares measured along elevational gradients in Denali National Park III - Spruce Data
Treelines in Alaska are advancing in elevation and latitude because of climate warming, which is expanding the habitat available for boreal wildlife species, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Snowshoe hares are already present in tall shrub communities beyond treeline and are the main browser of white spruce (Picea glauca), the dominant tree species at treeline in Alaska. We investigated the processes involved in a 'snowshoe hare filter' to white spruce establishment near treeline in Denali National Park. We modeled the pattern of spruce establishment from 1970 to 2009 and found that fewer spruce established during periods of high hare abundance. To do so, we measured several demographic attributes of white spruce in Denali National Park, including spruce height, basal diameter, browsing history and age.
White spruce demography and herbivory by snowshoe hares measured at latitudinal treeline in the Brooks Range, AK I - Site Data
Treelines in Alaska are advancing in elevation and latitude because of climate warming, which is expanding the habitat available for boreal wildlife species, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Snowshoe hares are already present in tall shrub communities beyond treeline and are the main browser of white spruce (Picea glauca), the dominant tree species at treeline in Alaska. We investigated the processes involved in a 'snowshoe hare filter' to white spruce establishment near latitudinal treeline in the Brooks Range, Alaska. Site variables collected included latitude, landscape position, vegetative cover, and the density of white spruce seedlings, saplings and trees.
White spruce demography and herbivory by snowshoe hares measured at latitudinal treeline in the Brooks Range, AK II - Sub Plot Data
Treelines in Alaska are advancing in elevation and latitude because of climate warming, which is expanding the habitat available for boreal wildlife species, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Snowshoe hares are already present in tall shrub communities beyond treeline and are the main browser of white spruce (Picea glauca), the dominant tree species at treeline in Alaska. We investigated the processes involved in a 'snowshoe hare filter' to white spruce establishment near latitudinal treeline in the Brooks Range, Alaska. We hypothesized that surrounding vegetation would influence the likelihood of spruce being browsed by hares. Therefore, at each plot we estimated ramet density for all associated woody vegetation using one square-meter subplots. Within these subplots we also counted the total number of hare fecal pellets found on the ground.
White spruce demography and herbivory by snowshoe hares measured at latitudinal treeline in the Brooks Range, AK III - Spruce Data
Treelines in Alaska are advancing in elevation and latitude because of climate warming, which is expanding the habitat available for boreal wildlife species, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Snowshoe hares are already present in tall shrub communities beyond treeline and are the main browser of white spruce (Picea glauca), the dominant tree species at treeline in Alaska. We investigated the processes involved in a 'snowshoe hare filter' to white spruce establishment near latitudinal treeline in the Brooks Range, Alaska. To understand how hare browsing may affect the rate at which seedlings escape herbivory, we measured several demographic attributes of white spruce in, including spruce height, basal diameter, browsing history and age.
Goodyera pubescens plant demography from 1999-2003 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Hepatica nobilis (Anenome americana) plant demography 1999-2006 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Hexastylis arifolia (Asarum canadensis) plant demography 1999-2006 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Tipularia discolor plant demography 1999-2004
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Ocotillo Plant Demography Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, 2003
In order to better understand the life history of Ocotillo, a re-sampling of Ocotillo plants originally marked and studied in 1991 was done in the southeast corner of the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. All plants measured in 1991 were re-censused and re-tagged with new numbers. Measurements of plant height and branch number were repeated along with measurements pertaining to overall plant size.
Biannual Juniper Branch Demography Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1993)
This project was designed to investigate the response of plant growth and reproduction to short- and long-term variation in biotic and abiotic environmental variables. Several perennial taxa, including tree (Juniperus monsperma and Pinus edulis), shrub (Larrea tridentata) and bunch grasses (Oryzopsis hymenoides (now Achnaterum hymenoides) and Sporobolus contractus) species, were monitored at 1-3 sites differing in elevation and topography as well as edaphic variables and annual precipitation. The sites represented optimal or marginal/transitional zones for particular species. Demographic measurements were made biannually, after the 'wet' (fall) and 'dry' (spring) seasons. For tree and shrub species, estimates of growth and reproduction were based on branch demography, with ten branch tips from 10-20 individuals per species per site repeatedly measured from 1989-1993. For J. monsperma, P. edulis and L. tridentata, vegetative growth (i.e., branch growth) as well as reproduction were monitored. Additional measurements included needle length for P. edulis and leaf production, leaf size and branchlet production for L. tridentata. For grasses, basal diameter, leaf length and reproduction were monitored for 100 individuals per species per site. This project, SEV028, contains only data on juniper branch demography. Data on other variables and species is contained in SEV006, SEV024, SEV025, SEV026, and SEV027.
Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the scimitar‐horned oryx: insights into diversity and demography of a species extinct in the wild
<p>Captive populations provide a valuable insurance against extinctions in the wild. However, they are also vulnerable to the negative impacts of inbreeding, selection and drift. Genetic information is therefore considered a critical aspect of conservation management. Recent developments in sequencing technologies have the potential to improve the outcomes of management programmes; however, the transfer of these approaches to applied conservation has been slow. The scimitar‐horned oryx (<i>Oryx dammah)</i> is a North African antelope that has been extinct in the wild since the early 1980s and is the focus of a large‐scale and long‐term reintroduction project. To enable the selection of suitable founder individuals, facilitate post‐release monitoring and improve captive breeding management, comprehensive genomic resources are required. Here, we used 10X Chromium sequencing together with Hi‐C contact mapping to develop a chromosomal‐level genome assembly for the species. The resulting assembly contained 29 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 100.4 Mb, and displayed strong chromosomal synteny with the cattle genome. Using resequencing data from six additional individuals, we demonstrated relatively high genetic diversity in the scimitar‐horned oryx compared to other mammals, despite it having experienced a strong founding event in captivity. Additionally, the level of diversity across populations varied according to management strategy. Finally, we uncovered a dynamic demographic history that coincided with periods of climate variation during the Pleistocene. Overall, our study provides a clear example of how genomic data can uncover valuable insights into captive populations and contributes important resources to guide future management decisions of an endangered species.</p>
Data from: Neo-sex chromosomes and demography shape genetic diversity in the critically endangered Raso lark
Generally small effective population sizes expose island species to inbreeding and loss of genetic variation. The Raso lark has been restricted to a single islet for ~500 years, with a population size of a few hundred. To investigate the factors shaping genetic diversity in the species, we assembled a reference genome for the related Eurasian skylark and then assessed genomic diversity and demographic history using RAD-seq data (26 Raso lark samples and 52 samples from its two most closely related mainland species). Genetic diversity in the Raso lark is lower than in its mainland relatives, but is nonetheless considerably higher than anticipated given its recent population size. This is partly explained by an unusual and dramatic effect of enlarged neo-sex chromosomes, which preserve high heterozygosity across 13% of the genome in females, and account for half of the overall genetic diversity in the population. In addition, by reconstructing past demography we find that genetic signatures of the recent population contraction are overshadowed by an ancient expansion and persistence of a very large population until the human settlement of Cape Verde. Nevertheless, relatedness analyses suggest that the population is at risk of inbreeding depression. Our findings are particularly important in that they reveal the hidden effects of genome architecture in shaping diversity estimates, and hence demonstrate the value of a reference genome and population genomic analyses over conventional metrics to study diversity in non-model and endangered species.
Fig. 2 in Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of the Bayesian Inference of the Bagre derived from the concatenated database of the Cytb 1 and ATPase 8/6 genes. Only unique haplotype are included here. The first value on each branch corresponds to the ML support value and the second one to the BI. Only support values and posterior probabilities above 60% are shown. Grey = northern Brazilian coast lineage, including the semi-arid sector of the northeast coast; Black = southern Brazilian coast.
Fig. 6 in Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species
Fig. 6. Scatterplots of the principal components PC1 and PC2, obtained from the analysis of one meristic and nine morphometric variables in Bagre bagre, with factor loadings for the first principal components. Abbreviations: E, east Brazilian coast; h, humid northeastern coast of Brazil; N, northern Brazilian coast; sa, semi-arid northeastern coast of Brazil; S, southeast Brazilian coast.
Fig. 4 in Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species
Fig. 4. Genealogiesofthehaplotypesof (A) themitochondrial Cytb gene, based on the TIM2+I+G evolutionary model, and (B) the mitochondrial ATPase 8/6 gene, based on the HKY+G model. Green = northern Brazilian coast influenced by the Amazon–Orinoco plume, Light blue = semi-arid northeastern coast, Orange = southeastern coast.
Fig. 1 in Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species
Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of the two Bagre bagre lineages found in South America [red triangle = northern Brazilian coast, including region dominated by the plume of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers and semi-arid sector of Brazilian northeast coast (light blue = mouth of the Orinoco River; black circle = Macapá, AP; dark blue circle = Bragança, PA; yellow = São Luis, MA; green = Fortaleza, CE), and inverted black triangle = eastern and southern Brazilian coast, including the humid sector of the northeast coast (white circle = Santos, SP)] showing the number of specimens analyzed in each region (not bold = morphological analysis, and bold = molecular analysis). Green = northern Brazilian coast influenced by the Amazon– Orinoco plume, Light blue = semi-arid northeastern coast of Brazil; Dark blue = humid northeastern coast of Brazil, Yellow = east coast, and Orange = southeast coast).
Fig. 3 in Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species
Fig. 3. Bayesian strict clock chronogram based on the 1535 bps of the concatenated genes (Cytb and ATPase 8/6). The calibration points and evolutionary rates were based on Betancur-R. & Armbruster (2009).
Fig. 7. A in Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species
Fig. 7. A. Occurrence of Bagre bagre, Bagre marinus and other species of the genera Amphiarius, Aspistor, Cathorops, Genidens, Notarius, and Sciades, on the Atlantic coast of South America. Numbers of the lots deposited in zoological collections.
Data and code: Microgeographic variation in demography and thermal regimes stabilize regional abundance of a widespread freshwater fish
<p>Predicting the persistence of species under climate change is an increasingly important objective in ecological research and management. However, biotic and abiotic heterogeneity can drive asynchrony in population responses at small spatial scales, complicating species-level assessments. For widely distributed species consisting of many fragmented populations, such as brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>), understanding drivers of asynchrony in population dynamics can improve predictions of range-wide climate impacts. We analyzed demographic time-series from mark-recapture surveys of eleven natural brook trout populations in eastern Canada over 13 years to examine the extent, drivers, and consequences of fine-scale population variation. The focal populations were genetically differentiated, occupied a small area (~25 km<sup>2</sup>) with few human impacts, and experienced similar climate conditions. Recruitment was highly asynchronous, weakly related to climate variables, and showed population-specific relationships with other demographic processes, generating diverse population dynamics. In contrast, individual growth was mostly synchronized among populations and driven by a shared positive relationship with stream temperature. Outputs from population-specific models were unrelated to four of five hypothesized drivers (recruitment, growth, reproductive success, phylogenetic distance), but variation in groundwater inputs strongly influenced stream temperature regimes and stock-recruitment relationships. Finally, population asynchrony generated a portfolio effect that stabilized regional species abundance. Our results demonstrate that population demographic and habitat diversity at microgeographic scales can play a significant role in moderating species responses to climate change. Moreover, we suggest that the absence of human activities within study streams preserved natural habitat variation and contributed to asynchrony in brook trout abundance, while the small study area eased monitoring and increased the likelihood of detecting asynchrony. Therefore, anthropogenic habitat degradation, landscape context, and spatial scale must be considered when developing management strategies to monitor and maintain populations that are diverse, stable, and resilient to climate change.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.