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62 results for “desert soils”
Density fractionation of soils from the Nevada Desert FACE Facility
These data are the result of a soil density fractionation experiment conducted on soils from the Nevada Desert FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Facility located in Mars, NV. This study was a 10 year experiment where an undisturbed arid ecosystem was exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (550 ppm). The experiment had three control plots and three elevated CO2 plots. At the end of the experiment, soils were harvested from beneath five major vegetation cover types and unvegetated interspace. These species included A. dumosa, L. tridentata, L. Pallidum, L. Andersonii, and P. rigida. Bulk soils were collected in 20 cm increments from 0-100 cm. Bulk density was measured as kg soil per m2 in 20 cm increments from each plot in the experiment. The bulk density used for stock calculations here was an average of the values taken at each depth across all 6 plots. The density fractionation was conducted using sodium polytungstate at 1.85 g cm^-3. A separate set of soils from the top 0-20 cm of the soil profile were also isolated into a < 20 um fraction for analysis by pyrolysis GC/MS. Heavy and light fraction were treated with HCl fumigation to remove inorganic carbon prior to analysis for organic C and 13C and non acidified samples were analyzed for total N and 15N at the Cornell Stable Isotope Lab. Pyrolysis GC/MS samples were analyzed at Dr. Grandy's lab at UNH.
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: soil chemistry and soil properties in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert, survey year 2000
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. This data set focuses specifically on soil chemistry and soil properties assessed during the 2000 survey year. Investigators interested in soil data from more recent surveys or other measured variables should search the data catalog for 'ecological survey of central arizona' or 'survey 200' to locate those and other data related to the CAP LTER's ESCA.
The role of moss as integrators of soil and stream nutrient status in deserts, Greater Phoenix area, Arizona, 2011 to 2013
In deserts, moss may play an important role connecting soil and stream nutrient cycling, where stream nutrients may be taken up by moss growing at the terrestrial-aquatic interface, which may be windblown into the surrounding soil to become an organic matter source in the soil. Despite its importance, very little is known about moss’s role in biogeochemical cycles and how nutrient pulses (e.g., from N deposition in air pollution) will affect their functional significance as an integrator of nutrient cycling in deserts. To understand their functional significance, we sampled moss and soil to determine (1) the plasticity of moss stoichiometry in relation to the nutrient content of the soil nutrient source; and (2) if moss stoichiometry covaries over natural environmental nutrient gradients (e.g. differing native soil content).
Supplementary Data for Remote soil moisture measurement from drone-borne reflectance spectroscopy: Applications to hydroperiod measurement in desert playas
<p>This supporting dataset includes:</p> <p>• Ground-based reflectance measurements for the two plume-crossing transects (AHT3 and AHT4). Data show reflectance by wavelength at each scan position.</p> <p>• Reduced data records (RDR) showing GPS position data for the drone and the associated reflectance measurement, by wavelength, averaged over 1 second intervals for the three mapping sorties, AHS4, 5, and 7.</p> <p>• The sample datasheet showing ground-based and lab-base measurements of the sampling transects.</p>
Data from: Fog controls biological cycling of soil phosphorus in the Coastal Cordillera of the Atacama Desert
<p>In this study, we collected topsoil samples (0‒10 cm) from each of 54 subsites, including sites in direct adjacency (< 10 cm) and in 1 m distance to plants, along an aridity gradient across the Coastal Cordillera in the Atacama Desert. The soluble salts anions (NO<sup>3</sup><sup>‒</sup>, Cl<sup>‒</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>‒</sup>) and cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>) were tested. And we performed soil sequential P fractionation and the oxygen isotope values of HCl-extractable P<sub>i</sub> (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>HCl</sub>-<sub>Pi</sub>). </p>
Impact of soil temperature-difference on desert carbon-sink
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Fractions of soil phosphorus mediated by rhizospheric phoD-harboring bacteria of deep-rooted desert species are determined by fine-root traits
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Data from: Fog controls biological cycling of soil phosphorus in the Coastal Cordillera of the Atacama Desert
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Desert Fertilization Experiment: soil pH in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, 2010 and 2011
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem properties. This data set features soil pH collected in study plots at project study sites during 2010 and 2011. These data include a snapshot from two years of the long-term experiment. As such, this particular set of data is published independently of on-going measurements at the study locations. Investigators interested in other Desert Fertilization Experiment data should search the data repository for 'desert fertilization experiment'.
Long-term Dynamics in Soil Field Available Nitrogen and Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-2014)
Associated with a project that was based upon the assumption that nitrogen may limit net primary plant production in desert grasslands, this project began measuring available inorganic soil N and potentially mineralizable N of soils at two desert grassland locations. Both available N and potentially mineralizable N were greatest following a drought period in 1989, declined during wetter periods that followed and remained relatively stable until another extended drought period. After drought in 1995-6, both forms of soil N increased, indicating the potential for greater NPP following drought and lower potential NPP during periods of normal precipitation.
Ecological Effects of Prescribed Fire on Soils in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2003)
Fire resulting from natural ignition has become a more common event on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) since the exclusion of domesticated livestock. Efforts to return fire to the native landscape has resulted in the use of prescribed fire during periods that meet burn prescriptions. A prescribed fire was performed on the Sevilleta NWR in June 2003. Among the measured site and burn characteristics that were measure, this project sampled soils before and after the fire from 5 previously-sampled locations that were burned in June 2003 and from 5 newly established locations that served as controls. The controls were within an area that was sampled between 1989 and 1996 for similar properties measured in this study and had previously been tested to be similar to the locations burned in 2003. The soil properties that are repeatedly measured at the burn and control locations include: field water content; water-holding capacity; organic matter; field extractable nitrate and ammonium; and potentially mineralizable nitrogen.
Soil Nutrient Distributions in Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989)
Vegetation throughout the southwestern United States has changed from perennial grassland to woody shrubland over the past century. Previous studies on the development of 'islands of fertility' focused primarily on only the most limiting, plant-essential element, soil nitrogen (N). The research presented here addressed the question of whether other plant-essential elements, namely phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), showed similar concentration gradients under the desert shrub Larrea tridentata (creosotebush). It also examined whether the spatial distribution of N, P, and K differed from that of essential, but non-limiting nutrients, namely calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), and non-essential elements, namely sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and fluoride (F). Within adjacent grassland and shrubland plots, surface soils were collected under and between vegetation and analyzed for a suite of soil nutrients. Soil nutrient distribution followed a uniform pattern that mirrored the spatial homogeneity of bunchgrasses in the grassland, but followed a patchy distribution that mirrored the spatial heterogeneity of individual shrubs in the shrubland. The main differences were that in the grassland, all elements were uniformly distributed, but in the shrubland the plant-essential elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were concentrated under the shrub canopy, and the non-limiting and non-essential elements were either concentrated in the intershrub spaces or were equally concentrated under shrubs and in the interspaces. Our results show how vegetation shifts from grassland to shrubland contribute to long-term, widespread change in the structure and function of desert ecosystems.
Soil Surface Dynamics in the Chihuahuan Desert at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1994-2013)
Observations of the soil surface on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge indicate that the surface is very dynamic. During collections of decomposition bags it has been noted that the bags are frequently resting on pedestals of soil, often 2-3cm above the surrounding surface. This study will attempt to measure the dynamics of the soil surface using a specially designed soil bridge. The soil bridge will allow for repeated measurements of the relative height of the soil surface at several sites on the Sevilleta. These measurements will be used to assess the impact of the changing soil surface on nutrient cycling.
Fig. 1 in Nocardioides vastitatis sp. nov., isolated from Taklamakan desert soil
Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining phylogenic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the phylogenic position of strain 21Sc5- 5T and related species. Luedemannella helvata 3-9(24)T was used as an outgroup. Numbers at nodes refer to bootstrap values (based on 1000 replicates; only values>50 % are shown). Bar, 1 nt substitution per 1000 nt.
Data used in the manuscript "Pioneering evidence of the dynamics of water vapor and CO2 fluxes in Sahara Desert soils"
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Rare taxa drives soil organic carbon accumulation in sagebrush desert grassland under grazing exclusion
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FIGURE 10 in Polyphasic characterization of Trichocoleus desertorum sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenales, Cyanobacteria) from desert soils and phylogenetic placement of the genus Trichocoleus
FIGURE 10. Bayesian analysis of 225 strains within the Oscillatoriales showing the phylogenetic position of Trichocoleus (Microcoleus) sociatus SAG 26.92 in a clade of an unnamed desert soil genus outside of the Microcoleus sensu stricto. Taxonomic epithets applied to GenBank sequences that we consider to be incorrect are indicated by enclosure in quotation marks.
FIGURE 6. D1–D1 in Polyphasic characterization of Trichocoleus desertorum sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenales, Cyanobacteria) from desert soils and phylogenetic placement of the genus Trichocoleus
FIGURE 6. D1–D1' helix. A. Trichocoleus desertorum JO2-1B. B. Trichocoleus desertorum ATA1-4-KO5/CV13, CMT-1FDIN-NPC12A, FB1-1A. C. ATA2-1-CV2/CV7, ATA4-8-CV2/CV3/CV12, ATA3-4Q-KO9, ATA12-5-KO5, ATA14-3-RM35/RM36 op. 1 and 2; Trichocoleus badius op. 1 and 2. D. Trichocoleus desertorum CMT-1BRIN-NPC4B, WJT8-NPBG3, WJT40-NPBG1/NPBG2, WJT46-NPBG1 op. 1, WJT55-NPBG8. E. Trichocoleus sp. TAA2-1HA2.30. F. Trichocoleus desertorum WJT16-NPBG1. G. Trichocoleus desertorum WJT46- NPBG1 op. 2. H. Leptolyngbya Zehnder 1965/U140. I. Nodosilinea nodulosa.
FIGURE 4 in Polyphasic characterization of Trichocoleus desertorum sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenales, Cyanobacteria) from desert soils and phylogenetic placement of the genus Trichocoleus
FIGURE 4. Detail of the Trichocoleus cluster based on Bayesian analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence data. Posterior probabilities/ bootstrap support from parsimony analysis reported above node. op. = operon. Holotype is based on strain in bold font.
FIGURE 3 in Polyphasic characterization of Trichocoleus desertorum sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenales, Cyanobacteria) from desert soils and phylogenetic placement of the genus Trichocoleus
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic position of the genus Trichocoleus within the Pseudanabaenales based on Bayesian analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence data. Posterior probabilities/bootstrap support from parsimony analysis reported above node. Taxa in quotation marks are outside of correct genus clade but reflect unrevised names given in GenBank.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.