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opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data from: Findings from an exploration of a social network intervention to promote diet quality and health behaviours in older adults with COPD: a feasibility study

Background: Diet quality in older people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool – GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement) – was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. Methods: Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD Service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; <a name="_Hlk11247522">these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion.</a> Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; 'prudent' diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up. Results: Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month, (interquartile range (IQR)): 0.03, (-0.24 – 0.07)); whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (-0.15, (-0.24 – 0.03)). Conclusion: The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Interacting stressors matter: diet quality and virus infection in honey bee health

Honey bee population declines have been linked to multiple stressors, including reduced diet diversity and increased exposure to understudied viral pathogens. Despite interest in these factors, few experimental studies explored the interaction between diet diversity and viral infection in honey bees. Here, we used a mixture of laboratory cage and small semi-field nucleus hive experiments to determine how these factors interact. We found that high quality diets (polyfloral pollen and high quality single-source pollen) have the potential to reduce mortality in the face of infection with Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV).). There was a significant interaction between diet and virus infection on mortality, even in the presence of high virus titers, suggesting that good diets can help bees tolerate virus infection. Further, we found that extreme stress in the form of pollen starvation in conjunction with IAPV infection increase exiting behavior from small experimental hives. Finally, we showed that higher quality pollen diets have significantly higher iron and calcium content, suggesting micronutrient deficiencies could be an under explored area of bee nutrition.

opencc-zeroJan 2020View details →

Food quality of Ephestia eggs, the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and mixed diet for Orius majusculus

We studied the food quality of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi to the pirate bug Orius majusculus using Ephestia eggs as high‐quality comparison prey. Several performance parameters were tested on individuals that had been reared and maintained on each of the two single‐prey diets or on a mixed diet. All fitness parameters were lower in individuals fed aphids only, indicating poor food quality of this prey. Compared with the pure Ephestia egg diet, the mixed diet enhanced teneral mass, while adult survival and female starvation tolerance were negatively affected and all other traits were unaffected. Body protein proportions were constant across diets, whereas lipid proportion was low in the aphid treatment. Preference for aphids was lower following a monotypic aphid diet than when reared on Ephestia eggs or a mixed diet. The results confirm that R. padi is low‐quality food for O. majusculus as it is for other generalist predators, even though O. majusculus may contribute significantly to population suppression of the aphid.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Extreme precipitation variability, forage quality and large herbivore diet selection in arid environments

Nutritional ecology forms the interface between environmental variability and large herbivore behaviour, life history characteristics, and population dynamics. Forage conditions in arid and semi-arid regions are driven by unpredictable spatial and temporal patterns in rainfall. Diet selection by herbivores should be directed towards overcoming the most pressing nutritional limitation (i.e. energy, protein [nitrogen, N], moisture) within the constraints imposed by temporal and spatial variability in forage conditions. We investigated the influence of precipitation-induced shifts in forage nutritional quality and subsequent large herbivore responses across widely varying precipitation conditions in an arid environment. Specifically, we assessed seasonal changes in diet breadth and forage selection of adult female desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis mexicana in relation to potential nutritional limitations in forage N, moisture and energy content (as proxied by dry matter digestibility, DMD). Succulents were consistently high in moisture but low in N and grasses were low in N and moisture until the wet period. Nitrogen and moisture content of shrubs and forbs varied among seasons and climatic periods, whereas trees had consistently high N and moderate moisture levels. Shrubs, trees and succulents composed most of the seasonal sheep diets but had little variation in DMD. Across all seasons during drought and during summer with average precipitation, forages selected by sheep were higher in N and moisture than that of available forage. Differences in DMD between sheep diets and available forage were minor. Diet breadth was lowest during drought and increased with precipitation, reflecting a reliance on few key forage species during drought. Overall, forage selection was more strongly associated with N and moisture content than energy content. Our study demonstrates that unlike north-temperate ungulates which are generally reported to be energy-limited, N and moisture may be more nutritionally limiting for desert ungulates than digestible energy.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator

Predators influence prey populations not only through predation itself, but also indirectly through prompting changes in prey behaviour. The behavioural adjustments of prey to predation risk may carry nutritional costs, but this has seldom been studied in the wild in large mammals. Here, we studied the effects of an ambush predator, the African lion (Panthera leo), on the diet quality of plains zebras (Equus quagga) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. We combined information on movements of both prey and predators, using GPS data, and measurements of faecal crude protein, an index of diet quality in the prey. Zebras which had been in close proximity to lions had a lower quality diet, showing that adjustments in behaviour when lions are within short distance carry nutritional costs. The ultimate fitness cost will depend on the frequency of predator–prey encounters and on whether bottom-up or top-down forces are more important in the prey population. Our finding is the first attempt to our knowledge to assess nutritionally mediated risk effects in a large mammalian prey species under the threat of an ambush predator, and brings support to the hypothesis that the behavioural effects of predation induce important risk effects on prey populations.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Varying digestible isoleucine level to determine effects on performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, and ileal protein digestibility in diets of young laying hens

To ascertain an appropriate level of isoleucine for LSL-LITE layers (23- to 30-week-old), diets containing total isoleucine concentrations (levels) of 0.66 (Control), 0.69, 0.72, 0.75, 0.78, 0.81, and 0.84% were fed as 7 treatments (2730 kcal/kg metabolizable energy) x 7 replicates x 10 birds per replicate. Significance for performance, egg quality, serum bioc Level, week, and level*week (L*W) were significant for production, egg mass, and feed intake. Level and week were significant for FCR. Week was significant for weight gain. Level was significant for egg weight, specific gravity, and shell thickness; week was also significant for these external egg parameters as well as shape index and proportional shell thickness. L*W was significant for all except shape index. For internal egg measurements, level was significant for proportional yolk, proportional albumen, yolk index, and yolk:albumen. Week was significant for internal egg parameters while L*W significantly affected Haugh unit, proportional albumen weight, yolk index, albumen index, and yolk color. Level was significant for globulin and glucose in serum. Isoluecine at 0.72%, 0.81% and 0.84% produced the lowest FCR, an important standard in the poultry industry. Considering the low FCR of 1.45 and cost for inclusion as a dietary ingredients, 0.72% isoleucine was chosen for further study.

Sustainable Eating Behaviors and Diet Quality

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06100666. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

The Impact of Consumption of Eggs in the Context of Plant-Based Diets on Endothelial Function, Diet Quality, and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04316429. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 22.

Influence of a Gluten Free Food Guide on Diet Quality and Adherence to the GFD in Youth With Celiac Disease

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06038344. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

Impact of Low Fiber Diet on Colonic Cleansing Quality (DIETPREP)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03247452. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.

Walnut Ingestion in Adults at Risk for Diabetes: Effects on Body Composition, Diet Quality, and Cardiac Risk Measures

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02330848. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

Gluten Sensor Device to Promote Gluten Free Diet Adherence and Quality of Life in Patients With Celiac Disease

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03321214. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Association With Diet Quality in Multi-Disciplinary Football Team Staff

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06771752. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Improving ADHD Symptoms and Quality of Life Through Diet

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07376746. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

Diet Quality Before and After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (Eetscore Study)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06763588. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

The Online Advocate: Health Related Social Problems And Diet Quality Pilot Study

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01374815. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Efficacy of Diet on Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05007483. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.

Effectiveness and Impact on the Quality of Life of Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06309251. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.

Effects of Diet and Osteopathy on Quality of Life and Inflammation in Breast Cancer Patients Under Hormonal Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06164119. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 41.