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113 results for “diet variation”
Using DNA metabarcoding to explore spatial variation in diet across European Hawfinch populations
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Spatio-temporal variation in diet among age and sex cohorts of a model generalist bird species, the Great Tit Parus major: new insights revealed by DNA metabarcoding
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Otterly delicious: Spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a recovering population of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) revealed through DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis of prey remains
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Seasonal and ontological variation in diet and age-related differences in prey choice, by an insectivorous songbird
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Among-individual diet variation within a lake trout ecotype: Lack of stability of niche use
<p>In a polymorphic species, predictable differences in resource use are expected among ecotypes, and homogeneity in resource use is expected within an ecotype. Yet, using a broad resource spectrum has been identified as a strategy for fishes living in unproductive northern environments, where food is patchily distributed and ephemeral.<span> We investigated whether specialization of trophic resources by individuals occurred within the generalist piscivore ecotype of lake trout from Great Bear Lake, Canada, reflective of a form of diversity</span>. Four distinct dietary patterns of resource use within this lake trout ecotype were detected from fatty acid composition, with some variation linked to spatial patterns within Great Bear Lake. Feeding habits of different groups within the ecotype were not associated with detectable morphological or genetic differentiation, suggesting that behavioral plasticity caused the <span>trophic differences</span>. A low level of genetic differentiation was detected between exceptionally large-sized individuals and other piscivore individuals. We demonstrated <span>that individual trophic specialization can occur within an ecotype inhabiting </span>a geologically young system (8,000–10,000 yr BP), a lake that sustains high levels of phenotypic diversity of lake trout overall.<span> The characterization of niche use among individuals, as done in this study, is necessary to understand the role that individual variation can play at the beginning of differentiation processes.</span></p>
A gene variation at the ZPR1 locus (rs964184) interacts with the type of diet to modulate postprandial triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: From the Cordioprev Study
<p>Background and Aims: rs964184 variant in the ZPR1 gene has been associated with blood lipids levels both in fasting and postprandial state and with the risk of myocardial<br>infarction in high-risk cardiovascular patients. However, whether this association is modulated by diet has not been studied.</p> <p>Objective: To investigate whether the type of diet (low-fat or Mediterranean diets) interacts with genetic variability at this loci to modulate fasting and postprandial lipids in<br>coronary patients.</p> <p>Materials and Methods: The genotype of the rs964184 polymorphism was determined in the Cordioprev Study population (NCT00924937). Fasting and Postprandial triglycerides were assessed before and after 3 years of dietary intervention with either a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet. Postprandial lipid assessment was done by a 4-h oral fat tolerance test (OFTT). Differences in triglycerides levels were identified using repeated-measures ANCOVA.</p> <p>Results: From 523 patients (85% males, mean age 59 years) that completed the OFTT at baseline and after 3 years of intervention and had complete genotype information, 125<br>of them were carriers of the risk allele G. At the start of the study, these patients showed a higher fasting and postprandial triglycerides (TG) plasma levels. After 3 years of dietary<br>intervention, G-carriers following a Mediterranean Diet maintained higher fasting and postprandial triglycerides, while those on the low-fat diet reduced their postprandial<br>triglycerides to similar values to the population without the G-allele.</p> <p>Conclusion: After 3 years of dietary intervention, the altered postprandial triglyceride response induced by genetic variability in the rs964184 polymorphism of the ZPR1 gene<br>can be modulated by a low-fat diet, better than by a Mediterranean diet, in patients with coronary artery disease.</p>
Focal vs. faecal: Seasonal variation in the diet of wild vervet monkeys from observational and DNA metabarcoding data
<p>1. Assessing the diet of wild animals reveals valuable information about their ecology and trophic relationships that may help elucidate dynamic interactions in ecosystems and forecast responses to environmental changes.</p> <p>2. Advances in molecular biology provide valuable research tools in this field. However, comparative empirical research is still required to highlight strengths and potential biases of different approaches. Therefore, this study compares environmental DNA and observational methods for the same study population and sampling duration.</p> <p>3. We employed DNA metabarcoding assays targeting plant and arthropod diet items in 823 faecal samples collected over 12 months in a wild population of an omnivorous primate, the vervet monkey (<em>Chlorocebus pygerythrus</em>). DNA metabarcoding data were subsequently compared to direct observations.</p> <p>4. We observed the same seasonal patterns of plant consumption with both methods, however, DNA metabarcoding showed considerably greater taxonomic coverage and resolution compared to observations, mostly due to the construction of a local plant DNA database. We found a strong effect of season on variation in plant consumption largely shaped by the dry and wet seasons. The seasonal effect on arthropod consumption was weaker but feeding on arthropods was more frequent in spring and summer, showing overall that vervets adapt their diet according to available resources. The DNA metabarcoding assay outperformed also direct observations of arthropod consumption in both taxonomic coverage and resolution.</p> <p>5. Combining traditional techniques and DNA metabarcoding data can therefore not only provide enhanced assessments of complex diets or reveal trophic interactions to the benefit of wildlife conservationists and managers but also opens new perspectives for behavioural ecologists studying whether diet variation in social species is induced by environmental differences or might reflect selective foraging behaviours.</p>
Data from: Biogeographical diet variation within and between the rabbitfishes Siganus corallinus, Siganus doliatus, Siganus trispilos and Siganus virgatus
<p>Feeding habits of herbivorous fishes play an important role in shaping form and function of coastal marine ecosystems. Rabbitfishes (Siganidae) are important consumers of macroalgae on Indo-West Pacific coral reefs. However, it is unclear how their diet varies among and within species at biogeographical scales, casting doubt on their precise functional roles across different regions. The present study assessed the inter- and intraspecific diet variation of four rabbitfishes (<em>Siganus trispilos, Siganus coralinus, Siganus virgatus, and S</em>iganus<em> doliatus</em>) factored by morphological relatedness among populations from Ningaloo Reef (western Australia), the Great Barrier Reef (GBR, eastern Australia) and the Yaeyama Islands (Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). Results showed that region had a strong effect on diet, effectively reducing the expected effect of morphologic similitude. While intraspecific differences were only significant when populations inhabited different regions; interspecific differences were not as predicted, with different morphotypes having similar diets when populations inhabited the same regions. Rabbitfishes consumed more corticated and filamentous macroalgae on the GBR, more foliose and membranous macroalgae at the Yaeyama Islands, and more leathery macroalgae at Ningaloo Reef. The findings indicate that rabbitfishes have high diet plasticity, and hence their functional role as mediators of competition between macroalgae and corals can change across biogeographic regions. Local context is therefore important when assessing the diet and functional role of herbivorous fishes. As climate change unfolds, shifts in the distribution, trophic behaviour and function of species are expected, making the study of trophic plasticity more important.</p>
Data from: The phenotypic determinants of diet variation between divergent lineages of threespine stickleback
<p><span>Lineages with independent evolutionary histories often differ in both their morphology and</span> <span>diet. Experimental work has improved our understanding of the links between the biomechanics of morphological traits and foraging performance (trait-utility). However, because the expression of foraging-relevant traits and their utility can be highly context-specific, it is often unclear how dietary divergence arises from evolved phenotypic differences. Here, we explore the phenotypic causes of dietary divergence between two genetically and phenotypically divergent lineages of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with independent evolutionary histories of freshwater colonization and adaptation. First, using individuals from a line-cross breeding design, we conducted 150 common-garden foraging trials with a community of multiple prey species and performed morphological and behavioural analyses to test for prey-specific trait-utility. Second, we tested if the traits that explain variation in foraging performance among all individuals could also explain the dietary divergence between the lineages. Overall, we found evidence for the utility of several foraging traits, but these traits did not explain the observed dietary divergence between the lineages in common garden. This work suggests that evolved dietary divergence results not only from differences in morphology but also from divergence in behaviours that underlie prey capture success in species-rich prey communities.</span></p>
Temporal variation in translocated Isle Royale wolf diet
<p>Wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) can exert top-down pressure and shape ecological communities through predation of ungulates and beavers (<em>Castor</em> spp.). Therefore, understanding wolf foraging is critical to estimating their ecosystem-level effects. Specifically, if wolves are consumers that optimize tradeoffs between costs and benefits of prey acquisition, changes in these factors may lead to prey switching or negative-density dependent selection with potential consequences for community stability. For wolves, factors affecting cost and benefits include prey vulnerability, risk, reward, and availability which can vary temporally. We described wolf diet by frequency of occurrence and percent biomass and characterized diet using prey remains found in wolf scats on Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA during May–October 2019 and 2020. We used logistic regression to estimate prey consumption over time. We predicted prey with temporal variation in cost (availability and/or vulnerability) such as adult moose (<em>Alces</em> <em>alces</em>), calf moose, and beaver (Castor canadensis) to vary in wolf diets. We analyzed 206 scats and identified 62% of remains as beaver, 26% as moose, and 12% as other species (birds, smaller mammals, and wolves). Adult moose were more likely to occur in wolf scats in May, when moose are in poor condition following winter. The occurrence of moose calves peaked during June–mid July following birth but before calf vulnerability declined as they matured. In contrast, beaver occurrence in wolf scat did not change over time, reflecting the importance of low-handling cost prey items for recently introduced lone or paired wolves. Our results demonstrate that wolf diet is responsive to temporal changes in prey costs. Temporal fluctuation in diet may influence wolves' ecological role if prey respond to increased predation risk by altering foraging or breeding behavior.</p>
Data from: DNA metabarcoding reveals rangewide variation in aquatic diet of a riparian avian insectivore, the Prothonotary warbler
<p>Riparian avian insectivores not only depend on terrestrial insect prey but also benefit from the inclusion of aquatic prey during critical life history periods. Diets identified herein show that Prothonotary Warbler (<em>Protonotaria citrea</em>) nestlings were provisioned with aquatic prey throughout the breeding season across their range, but with variation in prey frequency of occurrence and taxonomy. Anthropogenic activity and climate change may impact the trophic link especially between aquatic and riparian habitats by altering the presence, abundance, and timing of prey availability. Thus, we used DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to quantify the frequency of occurrence of nestling diet items at nine sites across their breeding range that differed in expected aquatic prey consumption. We analyzed spatial and temporal differences in the occurrence and multivariate diet assemblages of each prey source. Lepidoptera was the predominant terrestrial prey occurring in diets across space and time, whereas emergent aquatic insects and freshwater mollusks in aquatic diet exhibited greater variation. The frequency of emergent aquatic prey occurrence in nestling diets ranged from 61-100% across sites and was greater for early-season nestlings. The seasonal decrease in aquatic prey consumption indicates a potential temporal shift in the nutritional landscape from aquatic to terrestrial prey sources and a possible nutritional phenological mismatch for early nestlings as climate change advances the timing of insect emergence. Our findings also suggest that Prothonotary Warblers respond to environmental variability by consuming alternative prey and argue for future research investigating the extent to which shifting diets have nutritional consequences for riparian nestlings.</p>
The role of genetic variation in shaping phenotypic responses to diet in aging <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>
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Focal vs. faecal: Seasonal variation in the diet of wild vervet monkeys from observational and DNA metabarcoding data
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Among-individual diet variation within a lake trout ecotype: Lack of stability of niche use
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A gene variation at the ZPR1 locus (rs964184) interacts with the type of diet to modulate postprandial triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: From the Cordioprev Study
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Data from: The phenotypic determinants of diet variation between divergent lineages of threespine stickleback
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Impervious surface cover and number of restaurants shape diet variation in an urban carnivore
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Temporal variation in translocated Isle Royale wolf diet
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Data from: Biogeographical diet variation within and between the rabbitfishes Siganus corallinus, Siganus doliatus, Siganus trispilos and Siganus virgatus
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Data from: Geographic variation in diet, prey resources and exposure to parasites and saxitoxin in Steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska
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