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24 results for “discrete water samples”
Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples at selected depths, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 2003 - 2019.
The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called "bacteria") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 100 m on the annual summer cruise. These bacteria oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. Bacterial production is generally low across the grid, relative to primary production, but with considerable spatial and annual variability. Discrete BP can reach >200mgC/m2/d following bloom-fueled high organic matter events. Across the grid and over years, BP is highly correlated with chlorophyll, highlighting the close relationship with phytoplanktonic organic matter production.
Dissolved oxygen of discrete water column samples at selected depths collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2012.
Oxygen is produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis and consumed by respiration of phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. Oxygen also enters and exits the ocean via physical exchange with the atmosphere. Oxygen concentrations in the surface ocean may be supersaturated by photosynthesis and turbulence enhancing air-sea exchange via bubble injection; or undersaturated due to excess respiration. In cases where exchange with the atmosphere is limited, and/or respiration exceeds photosynthesis, oxygen concentration can be reduced to very low levels (hypoxia) or entirely depleted (anoxia). This is uncommon in cold Antarctic Seas where respiration is depressed and oxygen solubility is enhanced by low temperature. Different water masses have characteristic oxygen concentrations which serve as tracers for diagnosing physical mixing and advection. Dissolved oxygen was analyzed by Winkler Titration (see Methods) in CTD-Rosette bottle samples at all depths sampled until 2012. This measurement was discontinued in 2013. The CTD has duplicate oxygen electrodes that provide continuous vertical profiles of oxygen concentration at all depths on all casts. The vessel also has continuous underway, Optode determination of dissolved oxygen in the surface (ship's intake at 6 meters depth) on all cruises. Finally we now routinely measure net community production by Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectroscopy (EIMS) on LTER cruises
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 2003-2012.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected between October and April at Palmer Station, 2002-2012.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.
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