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539 results for “disentangling”
Disentangling direct and indirect drivers of farmland biodiversity at landscape scale
<p><span>To stop the ongoing decline of farmland biodiversity there are increasing claims for a paradigm shift in agriculture, namely from conserving and restoring farmland biodiversity at field scale (α-diversity) to doing it at landscape scale (γ-diversity). However, knowledge on factors driving farmland γ-diversity is currently limited. Here, we quantified farmland γ-diversity in 123 landscapes and analysed direct and indirect effects of abiotic and land-use factors shaping it using structural equation models. The direction and strength of effects of factors shaping γ-diversity were only partially consistent with what is known about factors shaping α-diversity, and indirect effects were often stronger than direct effects or even opposite. Thus, relationships between factors shaping α-diversity cannot simply be up-scaled to γ-diversity, and also indirect effects should no longer be neglected. Finally, we show that local mitigation measures benefit farmland γ-diversity at landscape scale and are therefore a useful tool for designing biodiversity-friendly landscapes. </span></p>
Fig. 9 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 9. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) gibbosa Lundblad, 1926, holotype, ♂ (NHRS). A. Venter. B. Palp. C. I-L. D. II-L. E. III-L. F. IV-L. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Fig. 3. GenusLebertia Neuman, 1888 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 3. GenusLebertia Neuman, 1888, positions and shorthand labelling for morphological measurements. A. Example of segment length and height measurements for legs and palps. B. Measurements across the coxal shield. C. The dimensions of the claw; the centre of curvature (c) was defined to be the point opposite of the smaller claw. D. Distances among the long setae on the third segment of the palp. Abbreviations: Ac = acetabula; Cx = Coxa; Gn = gnathosomal bay; L = length; mL = median length; W = height; II-L = second leg. Roman numerals refer to the order of legs starting anteriorly, Arabic numerals refer to segment number starting proximally, for Ac starting anteriorly.
Fig. 1 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 1. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) porosa Thor, 1900 s. lat. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view showing acetabula. Photo: Reinhard Gerecke.
Fig. 2 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 2. Neighbor Joining tree based on COI barcodes of Norwegian specimens in the Lebertia porosa aggr. using the Kimura 2-Parameter substitution model. Bootstrap support (1000 replicates) above 70% is shown on branches.
Fig. 6 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 6. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) spp. Examples of observed differences in setation. A–B. High number of setae on segment five of legs three and four (III-L-5, IV-L-5) present in Lebertia aggr. spp. B and D. C. Gap in swimming setae on the fifth segment of the second leg (II-L-5) in Lebertia aggr. spp. A and B, and L. obscura Thor, 1900. D. Segment three of palp (P-3) with a double proximal long seta sometimes present in Lebertia aggr. spp. D. E–F. Segment five of the second leg (II-L-5), close-up: comparison of swimming setae with and without the large gap respectively.
Fig. 8 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 8. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) obscura Thor, 1900, ♂ from the type locality. A. Coxal field. B. Palp. C. I-L. D. II-L. E. III-L. F. IV-L. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Fig. 7 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 7. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) porosa Thor, 1900, ♂ from the type locality. A. Venter. B. Palp. C. I-L. D. II-L. E. III-L. F. IV-L. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Fig. 5 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 5. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) spp. from Norway. TCS haplotype network of COI sequences constructed with PopART.
Fig. 4 in Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Fig. 4. Lebertia (Pilolebertia) spp. in Norway. Maximum Likelihood tree from analysis of the concatenated dataset (COI, 18S, 28S) in RAxML-NG. Bootstrap support (500 replicates) above 50% on branches.
Seascape genetics in a polychaete worm: Disentangling the roles of a biogeographic barrier and environmental factors
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Seascape genomics studies aim to understand how environmental variables shape species diversity through genotype-environment associations. Identifying these effects on lecithotrophic larval species that live in intertidal zones is particularly challenging because they are subject to environmental heterogeneity and anthropogenic events. Here, we evaluate how biotic and abiotic features in the Southwest Atlantic littoral zone can affect a high dispersal species' present and historical demographic.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Perinereis ponteni.</em></p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated population genetic diversity, connectivity, and past dynamics using 23,300 SNPs generated using Genotyping by sequencing. We tested whether environmental abiotic variables could explain the variance found in genotype frequencies using isolation-by-environment (IBE) and landscape association approaches. These data, combined with paleodistribution simulations and oceanic circulation modeling, were used to infer species demographic history and connectivity patterns.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Along with high levels of connectivity detected, we found a genetic boundary in the southeastern region of Brazil around Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro) and a cline trend for some loci. The paleodistribution simulations reveal a spatial refuge in the southeast during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kya), with the expansion of the northern region. We identified 1,421 SNPs with frequencies associated with eight environmental variables, most of which were related to temperature - the main environmental factor determining IBE.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> <em>Perinereis ponteni</em>, a polychaete with high gene flow capability responds to biogeographic barriers, highlighting the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping population connectivity. Furthermore, the effect of temperature indicates that future climate change and ocean warming can hugely impact this species.</p>
Fig. 5 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 5. Western Indian Ocean Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium, illustrating morphological resemblance of taxa which are difficult to distinguish (see text). A. Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. from Comoros, firstly identified as H. polyanthos (Sw.) Sw. (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6864, P00312328). B. Hymenophyllum capense Schrad. from Madagascar, initially identified as H. fumarioides Bory ex Willd. (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6121, P00212664). C. Syntype of Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. from Tanzania (B200092782). D. Hymenophyllum inaequale (Poir.) Desv., representative specimen from La Réunion (L.Bauret 190, P).
Fig. 2 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 2. Illustration of representative descriptors and states used in the Xper database (see Appendix 1). A. Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Sw., typical bilabiate sori (S) without a developed base, fully hairy lamina with pedunculated brown trichomes (see inset). B. Didymoglossum robinsonii (Hook. ex Baker) Copel., false veins (FV) parallel but not connected to true veins (TV) and marginal dark trichomes clustered here by 6 (see inset). C. Crepidomanes inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux, typical trichomanoid sori (S) with a developed tubular base, lips are here dilated as a collar. D. Didymoglossum rotundifolium (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, false veins (FV) parallel but not connected to true veins (TV) and continuous submarginal false vein (smFV), here the one-cell thick lamina appears well translucent. E. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel., false veins more or less continuous and parallel to margins (mFV) and not connected to true veins (TV). F. Hymenophyllum sibthorpioides (Bory ex Willd.) Mett. ex Kuhn, bilabiate sori (S) with toothed margins. Photographs by A.H. Saïd.
Fig. 4. Terrestrial Comorian Hymenophyllaceae. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 4. Terrestrial Comorian Hymenophyllaceae. A. Abrodictyum pseudorigidum Bauret & Dubuisson, first identified as A. rigidum (Sw.) Ebihara & Dubuisson, (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6771, P00312031). B. Trichomanes boivinii Bosch, new for the archipelago according to the last inventories (as discussed in text) (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6675, P00311390). Scale bar for both species = 3 cm.
Fig. 3 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 3. Representative Comorian Hymenophyllaceae as observed in situ in rainforests (here from Grande Comore or Mohéli). A. Endemic Didymoglossum kirkii (Hook.) Ebihara & Dubuisson (G.Rouhan et al. 925, P00684886). B. Hymenophyllum sibthorpioides (Bory ex Willd.) Mett. ex Kuhn (G.Rouhan et al. 888, P02439806). C. Didymoglossum hildebrandtii (Kuhn) Ebihara & Dubuisson (M.Pignal et al. 3456, P02439793). D. Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. (G.Rouhan 897, P02439807). E. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel. (G.Rouhan et al. 882, P02439805). F. Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Sw. (M.Pignal et al. 3487, P02439796). Photographs by G. Rouhan. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Fig. 1 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 1. Location of the Comoros archipelago in the western Indian Ocean; close-up on the four islands in grey inset; islands in white form the Union of Comoros, Mayotte in grey is a French overseas department.
Disentangling Web Search on Debated Topics - User Study Data
<p>Data of an exploratory, open-ended user study (N = 255) to advance knowledge and uncover relations between the different facets of web search on debated topics. We explored the relations between factors inherent to the searcher and search system (user characteristics, exposure bias), search intercations (confirmation bias, position bias, search effort), and post-search epistemic states (attitude change, knowledge gain). This data set contains the following variables for each of the 255 participants: SERP ranking bias, prior knowledge, attitude strength, receptiveness to opposing views, attitude-confirming clicks, click rank deviation, number of clicks, time on SERP, hover depth, attitude change, knowledge gain.</p>
Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements
<p>The following datasets were used to carry out the analyses in "Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements". </p> <p>rat_abundance.csv - dataset for rat abundance model.</p> <p>rat_shedding.csv - dataset for individual rat shedding model.</p> <p>human_infections.csv - dataset for human infections (coordinates and valley removed for anonymity).</p> <p>prediction_grid.csv - prediction dataset.</p> <p>Codebook for repository data.pdf - codebook for the included datasets.</p>
A guide to using a multiple-matrix animal model to disentangle genetic and nongenetic causes of phenotypic variance
<p>Simulated data associated with the paper "A guide to using a multiple-matrix animal model to disentangle genetic and nongenetic causes of phenotypic variance".</p> <p>The main dataset is contained within the mermaids.csv, with columns explained within the associated README file. Epigenetic and social network information are contained within the other two datasets</p>
Fig. 5 in Disentangling Leucocytozoon parasite diversity in the neotropics: Descriptions of two new species and shortcomings of molecular diagnostics for leucocytozoids
Fig. 5. (A) A Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis of Leucocytozoon species constructed only with partial mitochondrial genomes (5485 bp excluding gaps) and (B) partial cytb gene sequences of leucocytozoids. Branch colors indicate the parasite morphology, with green branches representing parasites in fusiform host cells, and blue branches correspond to a species that develops in roundish host cells. Notice that, since parasite mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) corresponding to the partial cytb fragments of the MH909275 and MH909276 sequences could not be amplified, they were not included in the phylogenetic hypothesis constructed with mtDNA (Fig. 5A). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.