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87 results for “dispersal evolution”
Infrequent oceanic long-range dispersal and evolution of a top terrestrial arthropod predator in the sub-Antarctic
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Data from: Global diversification dynamics since the Jurassic: Low dispersal and habitat-dependent evolution explain hotspots of diversity and shell disparity in River Snails (Viviparidae)
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Microsatellite genotype data from: Male-biased dispersal in a fungus-gardening ant symbiosis (Matthews et al, Ecology and Evolution)
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Data from: How do seemingly non-vagile clades accomplish trans-marine dispersal? Trait and dispersal evolution in the landfowl (Aves: Galliformes)
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Evolution of interspecific variation in marine larval dispersal kernels: The role of larval navigation ability
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The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal
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R code for: The joint evolution of learning and dispersal maintains intraspecific diversity in metapopulations
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The combined role of dispersal and niche evolution in the diversification of Neotropical lizards
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Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal
In many organisms, dispersal varies with the local population density. Such patterns of density-dependent dispersal (DDD) are expected to shape the dynamics, spatial spread and invasiveness of populations. Despite their ecological importance, empirical evidence for the evolution of DDD patterns remains extremely scarce. This is especially relevant because rapid evolution of dispersal traits has now been empirically confirmed in several taxa. Changes in DDD of dispersing populations could help clarify not only the role of DDD in dispersal evolution, but also the possible pattern of subsequent range expansion. Here, we investigate the relationship between dispersal evolution and DDD using a long-term experimental evolution study on Drosophila melanogaster. We compared the DDD patterns of four dispersal-selected populations and their non-selected controls. The control populations showed negative DDD, which was stronger in females than in males. In contrast, the dispersal-selected populations showed density-independent dispersal, where neither males nor females exhibited DDD. We compare our results with previous evolutionary predictions that focused largely on positive DDD, and highlight how the direction of evolutionary change depends on the initial DDD pattern of a population. Finally, we discuss the implications of DDD evolution for spatial ecology and evolution.
Model output data for "Negative density-dependent dispersal emerges from the joint evolution of density- and body condition-dependent dispersal strategies"
<p>Empirical studies have documented both positive and negative density-dependent dispersal, yet most theoretical models predict positive density dependence as a mechanism to avoid competition. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of negative density-dependent dispersal, but few of these have been formally modeled. Here, we developed an individual based model of the evolution of density-dependent dispersal. This model is novel in that it considers the effects of density on dispersal directly, and indirectly through effects on individual condition. Body condition is determined mechanistically, by having juveniles compete for resources in their natal patch. We found that the evolved dispersal strategy was a steep, increasing function of both density and condition. Interestingly, although populations evolved a positive density-dependent dispersal strategy, the simulated metapopulations exhibited negative density-dependent dispersal. This occurred because of the negative relationship between density and body condition: high density sites produced low condition individuals that lacked the resources required for dispersal. Our model therefore generates the novel hypothesis that observed negative density-dependent dispersal can occur when high density limits the ability of organisms to disperse. We suggest that future studies consider how phenotype is linked to the environment when investigating the evolution of dispersal.</p>
Data from: The cost of being big: local competition, importance of dispersal and experimental evolution of reversal to unicellularity
Multicellularity provides multiple benefits. Nonetheless, unicellularity is ubiquitous and there have been multiple cases of evolutionary reversal to a unicellular organization. In this paper, we explore some of the costs of multicellularity as well as the possibility and dynamics of evolutionary reversals to unicellularity. We hypothesize that recently evolved multicellular organisms would face a high cost of increased competition for local resources in spatially structured environments because of larger size and increased cell densities. To test this hypothesis we conducted competition assays, computer simulations, and selection experiments using isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that recently evolved multicellularity. In well-mixed environments, multicellular isolates had lower growth rates relative to their unicellular ancestor due to limitations of space and resource acquisition. In structured environments with localized resources, cells in both multicellular and unicellular isolates grew at a similar rate. Despite similar growth, higher local density of cells in multicellular groups led to increased competition and higher fitness costs in spatially structured environments. In structured environments all of the multicellular isolates rapidly evolved a predominantly unicellular life cycle, while in well-mixed environments reversal was more gradual. Taken together, these results suggest that a lack of dispersal, leading to higher local competition, might have been one of the main constraints in the evolution of early multicellular forms.
Atomically dispersed hexavalent iridium oxide from MnO2 reduction for oxygen evolution catalysis
<p>Hexavalent iridium (Ir<sup>VI</sup>) oxide is predicted to be more active and stable than any other Ir oxide for the oxygen evolution reaction in acid; however, its experimental realization remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and application of atomically dispersed Ir<sup>VI</sup> oxide (Ir<sup>VI</sup>-<em>ado</em>) for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. The Ir<sup>VI</sup>-<em>ado</em> was synthesized by oxidatively substituting the ligands of K<sub>2</sub>IrCl<sub>6</sub> with manganese oxide. The mass-specific activity (1.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> A g<sub>Ir</sub><sup>-1</sup>) and turnover number (1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup>) exceeded those of benchmark Ir oxides, and <em>in-siu</em> X-ray analysis during PEM operations manifested the durability of Ir<sup>VI</sup> at current densities up to 2.3 A cm<sup>-2</sup>. The high activity and stability of Ir<sup>VI</sup>-<em>ado</em> showcase its promise as an anode material for PEM electrolysis.</p>
Data from: Schneider et al. (2021). Predominantly eastward long-distance dispersal in pantropical Ochnaceae inferred from ancestral range estimation and phylogenomics. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
<p>The data contains (a) DNA sequence alignments of concatenated nuclear loci, near-complete plastid genomes and plastid genomes with sites removed at a 10% gap threshold; (b) maximum clade credibility trees obtained from divergence time estimation in BEAST with each of the alignments; (c) area codings and the input tree (nuclear DNA only) for the ancestral area analysis in BioGeoBears.</p>
Mammal-mediated seed dispersal in Vanilla: its rewards and clues to the evolution of fleshy fruits in orchids
<p>Data on frequency of visits by Vanilla bahiana dispersers and data on acid scarification of seeds.</p>
Supplemental appendices: Bursts of rapid diversification, multiple dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolution of Asparagus
<p>Supplemental datasets for manuscript titled "Bursts of rapid diversification, multiple dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolution of Asparagus"</p>
Figure 3 in Long distance dispersal and evolution of talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in the northeast Atlantic islands
Figure 3. Dispersal and evolution in two "Darwinian" islands, A and B. Solid lines represent dispersal in wrack or driftwood; dashed lines indicate dispersal by synanthropic means.
Figure 2 in Long distance dispersal and evolution of talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in the northeast Atlantic islands
Figure 2. Habitus drawings of male talitrids. (A) Macarorchestia roffensis from Chatham Ness, UK, body length (BL) 5.4 mm; (B) Macarorchestia remyi from Principina a Mare, Italy, BL 11.0 mm; (C) Orchestia gammarellus from Chittick Beach, Canada, BL 15.5 mm.
Figure 1 in Long distance dispersal and evolution of talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in the northeast Atlantic islands
Figure 1. Map of the northeast Atlantic study area, showing oceanic surface currents. Upper arrows: North Atlantic Drift (part of the Gulf Stream); lower arrows: Canaries Current. Note: Based on World Atlas, 1979.
Data for: Bet-hedging via dispersal aids the evolution of plastic responses to unreliable cues
<p>Adaptive plasticity is expected to evolve when informative cues predict environmental variation. However, plastic responses can be maladaptive even when those cues are informative, if prediction mistakes are shared across members of a generation. These fitness costs can constrain the evolution of plasticity when initial plastic mutants use cues of only moderate reliability. Here we model the barriers to the evolution of plasticity produced by these constraints and show that dispersal across a metapopulation can overcome them. Constraints are also lessened, though not eliminated, when plastic responses are free to evolve gradually and in concert with increased reliability. Each of these factors can be viewed as a form of bet-hedging: by lessening correlations in the fates of relatives, dispersal acts as diversifying bet-hedging, while producing submaximal responses to a cue can be understood as a conservative bet-hedging strategy. While poor information may constrain the evolution of plasticity, the opportunity for bet-hedging may predict when that constraint can be overcome. </p>
Figure 10 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 10. Palaeogeographic map of the Early Miocene, 20 Mya (C. Scotese, Palaeoatlas, v.3). Siluridae have originated. Dashed arrows show the major dispersal routes of Gangesiinae. Range expansion of Siluridae into northern Africa allowed host-shifting into Malapteruridae. Dispersal and diversification of Gangesiinae, especially Gangesia, continued in the Indomalayan region and extended to north-east Asia. The rectangular box with an 'x' mark inside it indicates the absence of gangesiine tapeworms in catfish hosts. Sigmoid marks indicate the presence of Gangesiinae in catfish hosts.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.