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45 results for “divergence dates”
FIGURE 1 in Sixteen vetted fossil calibrations for divergence dating of Charadriiformes (Aves, Neognathae)
FIGURE 1. Phylogram of charadriiform relationships showing calibrated nodes 1-7 (modified from Baker et al., 2007, figure 1). Numbered nodes in red correspond to the following calibrations: (1) divergence of Charadriiformes from its nearest outgroup; (2) divergence of Charadrii from other Charadriiformes; (3) divergence of Burhinidae from Chionis and Pluvianellus; (4) divergence of Jacanidae from other Scolopaci; (5) basal divergence among Calidridinae; (6) divergence of Turnicidae from Lari; (7) basal divergence of Laromorphae; (8) divergence of Alcidae from Stercorariidae.
FIG UR E 3 (a) Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed in BEAST based on COI, 16S and ATPα. Node labels denote divergence times in millions of years ago (Ma); node bars indicate the 95% credibility interval around these dates. Small squares at nodes indicate significant support of divergence events found with BEAST and other phylogenetic analyses (see Figures S2.1 and S2.2), as explained through the key. Where MOTUs (A–R) show conspecifics among a number of morphospecies, species names are given in order of their year of description. Morphospecies, incorporated from GenBank, where determination was potentially dubious are highlighted by an asterisk. Clades (C) and subclades (SC) are demarcated by dashed lines between MOTUs. (b) LTT plots indicating the build‐up of lineages in Theodoxus over geological time. Dashed lines surrounding the solid LTT lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Where intra‐ and interspecific diversity diverge, interspecific diversity is highlighted in blue and intraspecific diversity in red. Transitions in geological ages are highlighted by narrow grey lines, while the grey bar marks the period of pronounced glacial cycles (last 900 kyr) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] in Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions
FIG UR E 3 (a) Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed in BEAST based on COI, 16S and ATPα. Node labels denote divergence times in millions of years ago (Ma); node bars indicate the 95% credibility interval around these dates. Small squares at nodes indicate significant support of divergence events found with BEAST and other phylogenetic analyses (see Figures S2.1 and S2.2), as explained through the key. Where MOTUs (A–R) show conspecifics among a number of morphospecies, species names are given in order of their year of description. Morphospecies, incorporated from GenBank, where determination was potentially dubious are highlighted by an asterisk. Clades (C) and subclades (SC) are demarcated by dashed lines between MOTUs. (b) LTT plots indicating the build‐up of lineages in Theodoxus over geological time. Dashed lines surrounding the solid LTT lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Where intra‐ and interspecific diversity diverge, interspecific diversity is highlighted in blue and intraspecific diversity in red. Transitions in geological ages are highlighted by narrow grey lines, while the grey bar marks the period of pronounced glacial cycles (last 900 kyr) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 8 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 8. Divergence ages (median and 95% HPD) for all dating models, shown for the main groups of Folivora of the present classification. Time scale in million years ago.
Figure 5 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 5. Estimated rate multipliers for anatomical partitions in each model. Partition colours as in Figure 1.
Figure 2 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 2. Diversity through time for sloth genera sampled and its association with geological epochs. Time scale in million years ago.
Figure 1 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 1. Anatomical partitions and partitioning schemes. Coloured anatomical regions in the skeleton of Paramylodon harlani (modified from Stock, 1925) correspond to the maximally partitioned data subsets, as used in model A7, whereas their combinations into composite partitions used in schemes A1 to A6 are indicated by other colours in the table. UN, unpartitioned model.
Figure 4 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 4. Selected trees, with node supports (Poisson boostrap and posterior probabilities), depicting the overall variation in topologies obtained. A, parsimony IW100. B, parsimony IW5. C, Bayesian UN_p. D, Bayesian IW100_e. All topologies and branch lengths for Bayesian trees are available in the Supporting Information (File S9).
Figure 3. A in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 3. A, marginal likelihoods of Bayesian models. B, normalized Robinson–Foulds (nRF) distances among topologies (with IW100_e used as reference). C, distribution of node supports, with posterior probabilities for Bayesian inferences and bootstrap values for maximum parsimony.
Figure 7 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 7. Stratigraphic fit of maximum parsimony and Bayesian topologies evaluated with two metrics, considering fossil age intervals as known ranges or as stratigraphic uncertainty. A, stratigraphic consistency index (SCI). B, gap excess ratio (GER).
Figure 10 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 10. Relative rates (median and 95% HPD) of speciation, extinction and fossilization obtained with a skyline fossilized birth-death process for seven consecutive time bins.
Data from: Rethinking refugia: tree topology, divergence dates, and demographic history trace the distribution of the endangered Plymouth gentian (Sabatia kennedyana) from the Pleistocene glaciation to present day
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Data from: Influence of gene flow on divergence dating – implications for speciation history of Takydromus grass lizards
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Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dating of Mantodea using mitochondrial phylogenomics
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Data from: Phylogenetic inference and divergence dating of snakes using molecules, morphology and fossils: new insights into convergent evolution of feeding morphology and limb reduction
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Data from: Topology, divergence dates, and macroevolutionary inferences vary between different tip-dating approaches applied to fossil theropods (Dinosauria)
Dated phylogenies of fossil taxa allow palaeobiologists to estimate the timing of major divergences and placement of extinct lineages, and to test macroevolutionary hypotheses. Recently developed Bayesian 'tip-dating' methods simultaneously infer and date the branching relationships among fossil taxa, and infer putative ancestral relationships. Using a previously published dataset for extinct theropod dinosaurs, we contrast the dated relationships inferred by several tip-dating approaches and evaluate potential downstream effects on phylogenetic comparative methods. We also compare tip-dating analyses to maximum-parsimony trees time-scaled via alternative a posteriori approaches including via the probabilistic cal3 method. Among tip-dating analyses, we find opposing but strongly supported relationships, despite similarity in inferred ancestors. Overall, tip-dating methods infer divergence dates often millions (or tens of millions) of years older than the earliest stratigraphic appearance of that clade. Model-comparison analyses of the pattern of body-size evolution found that the support for evolutionary mode can vary across and between tree samples from cal3 and tip-dating approaches. These differences suggest that model and software choice in dating analyses can have a substantial impact on the dated phylogenies obtained and broader evolutionary inferences.
Figure 6 in Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models
Figure 6. Estimated rate multipliers for homoplasy-based partitions in each model.
Data from: Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil record
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Data from: Topology, divergence dates, and macroevolutionary inferences vary between different tip-dating approaches applied to fossil theropods (Dinosauria)
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Data from: Probabilistic divergence time estimation without branch lengths: dating the origins of dinosaurs, avian flight and crown birds
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Global warming increases latitudinal divergence in flowering dates of a perennial herb in humid regions across eastern Asia
<p>The phenology data in paper published in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology by Song et al. 2020, titled Global warming increases latitudinal divergence in flowering dates of a perennial herb in humid regions across eastern Asia.</p>
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