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184 results for “diversity and invasibility”
FIGURE 3 in Invasive poeciliids dominate fish community in a highly altered river: insights from a diversity study of riverbank fishes in Mexico
FIGURE 3 | Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) results showing the relative influence of environmental variable on the community structure of fish species within each site and seasons. Native species are represented by black triangles, while invasive species are denoted by black circles
FIGURE 2 in Invasive poeciliids dominate fish community in a highly altered river: insights from a diversity study of riverbank fishes in Mexico
FIGURE 2 | Rank-abundance curves for each site and each sampled season. Pb: Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus; Pr: Poecilia reticulata; Pg: P. gracilis; Pm: P. mexicana; Ga: Goodea atripinnis; Nc: Notropis calientis, Cc: Cyprinus carpio. Native species are highlighted in bold. Due to the high number of individuals in drainage confluence site Log10 was used for comparative purposes.
FIGURE 1 in Invasive poeciliids dominate fish community in a highly altered river: insights from a diversity study of riverbank fishes in Mexico
FIGURE 1 | Map of the sampling sites along the Tula River: 1) Dam spillway, 2) Spring-fed, 3) Drainage confluence.
Figure 2 in Reduced genetic diversity and the success of the invasive peacock bass (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)
Figure 2. Gray-greenish and yellowish types of Cichla collected in the reservoirs of the submiddle stretch of São Francisco River.
Intraspecific diversity poorly predicts invasibility and invasiveness in communities: A meta-analysis of experimental invasions
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Plant invasion has limited impact on soil microbial alpha-diversity : a meta-analysis
<p>Plant invasion has proved to be a significant driver of ecosystem change, and with increased probability of invasion due to globalization, agricultural practices and other anthropogenic causes, it is crucial to understand its impact across multiple trophic levels. With the strong linkages between above and belowground processes, the response of soil microorganisms to plant invasion is the next logical step in developing our conceptual understanding of this complex system. In our study, we utilized a meta-analytical approach to better understand the impacts of plant invasion on soil microbial diversity. We synthesized 70 independent studies with 23 unique invaders across multiple ecosystem types to search for generalizable trends in soil microbial a-diversity following invasion. When possible, soil nutrient metrics were also collected in an attempt to understand the contribution of nutrient status shifts on microbial a-diversity. Our results show plant invasion to have highly heterogenous and limited impacts on microbial a-diversity. When taken together, our study indicates soil microbial a-diversity to remain constant following invasion, contrary to the aboveground counter parts. As our results suggest a decoupling in patterns of below and aboveground diversity, future work is needed to examine the drivers of microbial diversity patterns following invasion.</p>
Species identity and diversity effects on invasion resistance of tropical freshwater plant communities
<p>Biotic resistance mediated by native plant diversity has long been hypothesized to reduce the success of invading plant species in terrestrial systems in temperate regions. However, still little is known about the mechanisms driving invasion patterns in other biomes or latitudes. We help to fill this gap by investigating how native plant community presence and diversity, and the presence of native phylogenetically closely related species to an invader, would affect invader <i>Hydrilla verticillata</i> establishment success in tropical freshwater submerged plant communities. The presence of a native community suppressed the growth of <i>H. verticillata</i>, but did not prevent its colonisation. Invader growth was negatively affected by native plant productivity, but independent of native species richness and phylogenetic relatedness to the invader. Native plant production was not related to native species richness in our study. We show that resistance in these tropical aquatic submerged plant communities is mainly driven by the presence and biomass of a native community independent of native species diversity. Our study illustrates that resistance provided by these tropical freshwater submerged plant communities to invasive species contrasts to resistance described for other ecosystems. This emphasizes the need to include understudied systems when predicting patterns of species invasiveness and ecosystem invasibility across biomes. </p>
Data from: Entangled fates of holobiont genomes during invasion: nested bacterial and host diversities in Caulerpa taxifolia
Successful prevention and mitigation of biological invasions requires retracing the initial steps of introduction, as well as understanding key elements enhancing the adaptability of invasive species. We studied the genetic diversity of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia and its associated bacterial communities in several areas around the world. The striking congruence of α and ß diversity of the algal genome and endophytic communities reveals a tight association, supporting the holobiont concept as best describing the unit of spreading and invasion. Both genomic compartments support the hypotheses of a unique accidental introduction in the Mediterranean and of multiple invasion events in Southern Australia. In addition to helping with tracing the origin of invasion, bacterial communities exhibit metabolic functions that can potentially enhance adaptability and competitiveness of the consortium they form with their host. We thus hypothesize that low genetic diversities of both host and symbiont communities may contribute to the recent regression in the Mediterranean, in contrast with the persistence of highly diverse assemblages in southern Australia. This study supports the importance of scaling up from the host to the holobiont for a comprehensive understanding of invasions.
Genetic diversity and thermal performance in invasive and native populations of African fig flies
<p>During biological invasions, invasive populations can suffer losses of genetic diversity that are predicted to negatively impact their fitness/performance. Despite examples of invasive populations harboring lower diversity than conspecific populations in their native range, few studies have linked this lower diversity to a decrease in fitness. Using genome sequences, we show that invasive populations of the African fig fly, <i>Zaprionus indianus</i>, have less genetic diversity than conspecific populations in their native range and that diversity is proportionally lower in regions of the genome experiencing low recombination rates. This result suggests that selection may have played a role in lowering diversity in the invasive populations. We next use interspecific comparisons to show that genetic diversity remains relatively high in invasive populations of <i>Z. indianus</i> when compared to other closely related species. By comparing genetic diversity in orthologous gene regions, we also show that the genome-wide landscape of genetic diversity differs between invasive and native populations of <i>Z. indianus</i>, indicating that invasion not only affects amounts of genetic diversity, but also how that diversity is distributed across the genome. Finally, we use parameter estimates from thermal performance curves measured for 13 species of <i>Zaprionus</i> to show that <i>Z. indianus</i> has the broadest thermal niche of measured species, and that performance does not differ between invasive and native populations. These results illustrate how aspects of genetic diversity in invasive species can be decoupled from measures of fitness, and that a broad thermal niche may have helped facilitate <i>Z. indianus's</i> range expansion.</p>
Data from: Effects of grass functional diversity on invasion success by exotic grasses in Cerrado grasslands
<ol> <li>Invasive species pose significant challenges to successful restoration efforts worldwide. A strategy to reduce invasions is to establish communities consisting of species with varied ecological strategies. These strategies typically align along the conservative and plant size axes, and more recently, along a belowground collaboration axis. However, we lack understanding of how the diverse ecological strategies of Cerrado grass species, their combinations, and their interactions with soil conditions can mitigate invasions.</li> <li>Here, we investigated how native grass communities composed of species with different ecological strategies affect the invasion success in two soil types of abandoned pastures in the Cerrado. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that greater above- and belowground functional diversity reduces exotic species invasion. We also evaluated whether the isolated effects of native species on invasion were positive or negative.</li> <li>We installed an experiment with species richness ranging from zero to eight native grass species. In November 2019, we sowed species combinations to create communities composed by species with different ecological strategies. We quantified the aboveground biomass of exotic species as a measure of invasion. To characterize the species' ecological strategies, we measured five functional traits.</li> <li>Functional diversity of maximum height and specific root length (SRL) had the highest predictive power, however, the most parsimonious model included only SRL diversity, which represents the collaboration axis. Native aboveground biomass was also negatively related to exotic species biomass. Furthermore, invasion was greater in less stressful soil conditions but did not interact with diversity. The effect of native species varied from facilitation to competition, with the annual fast-growing native species favouring invasion.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our results show that greater functional diversity of combined above- and belowground traits reduces invasion success, shedding light on an underexplored role of SRL diversity. The competitive and facilitative effects of different native species highlight the need for careful selection of the species to be used in restoration programs. Furthermore, the absence of interaction between diversity and soil types highlights the need for an integrated management of the functional composition and edaphic factors to increase resistance to invasion in these Neotropical grass communities.</li> </ol>
Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors - raw data
<p>Dataset for the study</p> <p><strong><span>Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors</span></strong></p> <ol> <li>environmental variables of the research plots</li> <li>vascular plant species composition of the research plots</li> <li>mcirobial activity on the research plots</li> <li>CLPP profiles of the research plots</li> </ol>
Supporting data and code for: A high diversity of mechanisms endows ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)
<p>This is the first release of the final data and code for the article accepted for publication in Scientific Reports journal. It contains all the necessary scripts to produce the maps of the manuscript. All the necessary data can be found in the 'data' folder.</p>
Interactions between soil microbes and native species drive a diversity-invasibility relationship
<p>Soil microbes can affect both the invasiveness of exotic plants and the invasibility of native plant communities, but it still remains unclear whether soil microbes can influence the relationship between native plant species diversity and community invasibility. We constructed native plant communities with three levels of species richness (one, three, or six species) in un-sterilized or sterilized soil (i.e., with or without soil microbes) and let them not be invaded by exotic plant species or invaded by one of three exotic species (<em>Solidago canadensis</em>, <em>Erigeron canadensis</em> or <em>Symphyotrichum subulatum</em>) highly invasive in China. The soils conditioned by the native plant communities not invaded by the exotic species were used as soil microbe inocula to test whether richness-induced differences in soil microbes affect the growth of each of the three invasive species. Compared with the presence of soil microbes, the absence of soil microbes weakened the negative species richness-invasibility relationship, indicating that soil microbes can contribute to the higher invasion resistance of more diverse native plant communities. In the presence of soil microbes, the higher invasion resistance of more diverse communities was mainly ascribed to the complementarity effect. However, soil microbes from communities with a higher species richness did not have a stronger negative effect on the growth of any of the three invasive species. We conclude that soil microbes can alter the diversity-invasibility relationship through promoting the complementarity effect on the community invasion resistance. Our results highlight the importance to integrate the role of soil microbes in testing the diversity-invasibility hypothesis.</p>
Trait-mediated competition drives an ant invasion and alters functional diversity
The assumption that differences in species' traits reflect their different niches has long influenced how ecologists infer processes from assemblage patterns. For instance, many assess the importance of environmental filtering versus classical limiting-similarity competition in driving biological invasions by examining whether invaders' traits are similar or dissimilar to those of residents, respectively. However, mounting evidence suggests that hierarchical differences between species' trait values can distinguish their competitive abilities (e.g., for the same resource) instead of their niches. Whether such trait-mediated hierarchical competition explains invasions and structures assemblages is less explored. We integrate morphological, dietary, physiological and behavioural trait analyses to test whether environmental filtering, limiting-similarity competition, or hierarchical competition explain invasions by fire ants on ant assemblages. We detect both competition mechanisms; invasion success is not only explained by limiting similarity in body size and thermal tolerance (presumably allowing the invader to exploit different niches from residents), but also by the invader's superior position in trait hierarchies reflecting competition for common trophic resources. We find that the two mechanisms generate complex assemblage-level functional diversity patterns (overdispersion in some traits, clustering in others) suggesting their effects are likely missed by analyses restricted to a few traits and composite trait diversity measures.
Invasive plant species that experience lower herbivory pressure may evolve lower diversities of chemical defence compounds in the exotic range
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><strong>PREMISE</strong></p> <p>Invasive plant species often escape from specialist herbivore species and are likely to experience herbivory mostly from generalist herbivore species in the exotic range. Consequently, the Shifting Defence Hypothesis (SDH) predicts that invasive plants will express higher concentrations of qualitative defence compounds to deter dominant generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Here, I additionally propose a Reduced Chemical Diversity Hypothesis (RCDH), which predicts that reduced herbivory pressure will select for invasive plant genotypes that produce lower diversities of defence compounds in the exotic range.</p> <p><strong><span>METHODS</span></strong></p> <p>I tested whether: (1) Invasive <em>Brassica nigra</em> populations express a lower diversity and an overall higher concentration of glucosinolate compounds than native-range <em>B. nigra</em>; (2) <em>Brassica nigra</em> individuals that express high diversities and concentrations of glucosinolates are more attractive to specialist and deterrent to generalist herbivores; (3) Tissues of invasive <em>B. nigra </em>are less palatable to two generalist herbivores <em>Theba pisana</em> and <em>Helix aspersa</em> than tissues of native-range<em> B. nigra</em>.</p> <p><strong><span>RESULTS</span></strong></p> <p>Invasive <em>B. nigra </em>populations expressed a significantly lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds and a marginally higher concentration of total glucosinolate compounds. Leaf tissues of the invasive <em>B. nigra</em> were significantly less palatable to <em>T. pisana</em> and marginally less so to <em>H. aspersa</em>. <em>Brassica nigra</em> individuals that expressed high concentrations of total glucosinolate compounds were visited by a low diversity of generalist herbivore species in the field.</p> <p><strong><span>CONCLUSIONS</span></strong></p> <p>The biogeographical differences in glucosinolate profiles of invasive and native-range populations of <em>B. nigra</em> may be the result of differential herbivore selection pressures in the respective ranges.</p>
Soil disturbance and invasion magnify CO2 effects on grassland productivity, reducing diversity
<p>Climate change, disturbance, and plant invasion threaten grassland ecosystems, but their combined and interactive effects are poorly understood. Here, we examine how the combination of disturbance and plant invasion influences the sensitivity of mixedgrass prairie to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) and warming. We established subplots of intact prairie and disturbed/invaded prairie within a free-air CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment (to 600 ppmv) by infrared warming (+1.5 °C day, 3 °C night) experiment and followed plant and soil responses for five years. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> initially led to moderate increases in biomass and plant diversity in both intact and disturbed/invaded prairie, but these effects shifted due to strong eCO<sub>2</sub> responses of the invasive forb <em>Centaurea diffusa</em>. In the final three years, biomass responses to eCO<sub>2</sub> in disturbed/invaded prairie were 10 times as large as those in intact prairie (+186% vs. +18%), resulting in reduced rather than increased plant diversity (-17% vs. +10%). At the same time, warming interacted with disturbance/invasion and year, reducing the rate of topsoil carbon recovery following disturbance. The strength of these interactions demonstrates the need to incorporate disturbance into predictions of climate change effects. In contrast to expectations from studies in intact ecosystems, eCO<sub>2</sub> may threaten plant diversity in ecosystems subject to soil disturbance and invasion.</p>
Competition mode and soil nutrient status shape the role of soil microbes in the diversity–invasibility relationship
<p>Understanding the relationship between plant diversity and invasibility is essential in invasion ecology. Species-rich communities are hypothesized to be more resistant to invasions than species-poor communities. However, while soil microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating this diversity–invasibility relationship, the effects of plant competition mode and soil nutrient status on their role remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a two-stage greenhouse experiment. Soils were first conditioned by growing nine native species separately in them for 1 year, then mixed in various configurations with soils conditioned using one, three, or six species, respectively. Next, we inoculated the mixed soil into sterilized substrate soil and planted the alien species <em>Rhus typhina</em> and native species <em>Ailanthus altissima</em> as test plants. We set up two competition modes (intraspecific and interspecific) and two nutrient levels (fertilization using slow-release fertilizer and non-fertilization). Under intraspecific competition, regardless of fertilization, the biomass of the alien species was higher in soil conditioned by six native species. By contrast, under interspecific competition, the biomass increased without fertilization but remained stable with fertilization in soil conditioned by six native species. Analysis of soil microbes suggests that pathogens and symbiotic fungi in diverse plant communities influenced <em>R. typhina</em> growth, which varied with competition mode and nutrient status. Our findings suggest that the soil microbiome is pivotal in mediating the diversity–invasibility relationship, and this influence varies according to competition mode and nutrient status.</p>
Figure 2 in Structural and diversity changes in coastal dunes from the Mexican Caribbean: the case of the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Figure 2. Height patterns of the coastal dune vegetation in the sampling plots.
Data and scripts from: Balanced polymorphism fuels rapid selection in an invasive crab despite high gene flow and low genetic diversity
<p><em>Carcinus maenas</em> is a globally invasive species which spreads and thrives across a range of temperate environments. In the northwestern Pacific, the species has spread across >12 degrees of latitude in 10 years from a single source, following its introduction <35 years ago. Using six locations spanning >1,500 km, we examined genetic structure and selection to temperature using 9,376 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from cardiac transcriptome sequencing.</p> <p>Data in this repository includes information on sequenced samples (*.csv, *.txt), a cleaned transcriptome assembly after expression filtering (*.fasta), transcriptome annotation from EnTAP (*.tsv), list of transcripts removed from analysis after mapping (*.txt), high-quality SNPs identified from the transcriptome sequencing with GATK (seven files representing different SNP sets used in the analysis; *.vcf), and four custom scripts used in processing SNP data (*.py and *.R).</p> <p>Raw sequence data is archived in GenBank's SRA. 2015-2016 samples: BioProject ID PRJNA690934 and BioSample IDs SAMN17267686–SAMN17267781. 2011 samples: BioProject ID PRJNA283611 and BioSample IDs SAMN03653390–SAMN03653413.</p>
Complex patterns shape immune genes diversity during invasion of common raccoon in Europe – selection in action despite genetic drift
<p>Rapid adaptation is common in invasive populations and is crucial to their long-term success. The primary target of selection in the invasive species' new range is standing genetic variation. Therefore, genetic drift and natural selection acting on existing variation are key evolutionary processes through which invaders will evolve over a short timescale. In this study, we used the case of the raccoon <em>Procyon</em> <em>lotor</em> invasion in Europe to identify the forces shaping the diversity of immune genes during invasion. The genes involved in the defence against infection should be under intense selection pressure in the invasive range where novel pathogens are expected to occur. To disentangle the selective and demographic processes shaping the adaptive immune diversity of its invasive and expanding populations, we have developed species-specific SNP markers located in the coding regions of targeted immune-related genes. We characterised the genetic diversity of 110 functionally important immune genes in two invasive and one native raccoon genetic clusters, each presenting a different demographic history. Despite the strong effect of demographic processes in the invasive clusters, we detected a subset of genes exhibiting the diversity pattern suggestive of selection. The most likely process shaping the variation in those genes was balancing selection. The selected genes belong to toll-like receptors and cytokine-related genes. Our results suggest that the prevalence of selection depends on the level of diversity, i.e. – less genetically diverse invasive population from Czech Republic displayed fewer signs of selection. Our results highlight the role of standing genetic variation in adapting to a new environment. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms behind invasion success would enable predicting how populations may respond to environmental change.</p>
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