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1,394 results for “duration”
Annual Maxima of Station-based Rainfall Data over Different Accumulation Durations
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>These data were used in the study "Flexible and Consistent Quantile Estimation for Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves" (Fauer et al., 2021). Rainfall data were collected from stations by the German Meteorological Service (DWD) and Wupperverband (corrected data). Raw time series data from the German Meteorological Service is publicly available under https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/. Only the annual precipitation maxima over different durations are published here.</p> <p><strong>Files</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>yearMax.csv:</strong> This file contains aggregated rainfall data over different durations and for different stations.</li> <li><strong>meta.csv:</strong> This file contains additional information of the different stations such as longitude, latitude, altitude, temporal resolution (m=minutely, h=hourly, d=daily), group. The same group is assigned to stations which have a distance of less than 250 meters and can be treated as one station.</li> </ul> <p><br> <strong>Abstract of the according study</strong></p> <p>We suggest a flexible parametric model for describing intensity duration frequency relationships (IDF-curves) in a consistent way, i.e., without crossing of different quantiles for a wide range of durations (1 min to 5 days). The model is based on the duration-dependent formulation of the generalized extreme value distribution (GEV). The original model shows a power-law like behaviour for the quantiles for a wide range of durations and takes care of a deviation from this scaling relation (curvature) for small durations. We extend the model with two features: i) different power-law exponents for different quantiles (multiscaling) and ii) deviation from the power-law for large durations (flattening). Based on the quantile skill score, we investigate the performance of the resulting flexible model with respect to the benefit of the individual features (curvature, multiscaling, flattening) with simulated and empirical data. We provide detailed information on the duration and probability ranges for which specific features or a systematic combination of features leads to improvements for stations in a case study area in the Wupper catchment (Germany). Our results show that allowing curvature or multiscaling improves the model only for very short or long durations, respectively, but leads to disadvantages in modeling the other duration ranges. In contrast, allowing flattening on average leads to an improvement for medium durations between 1 hour and 1 day without affecting other duration regimes. Overall, the new parametric form offers a flexible and performant model for consistently describing IDF relations over a wide range of durations.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>We would like to thank the German Weather Service (DWD), and the Wupperverband, especially Marc Scheibel, for maintaining the station-based rainfall gauge and providing us with data.</p>
Jingju a cappella singing syllable boundary and duration annotation dataset
<p>This dataset is a collection of syllable boundary annotations and syllable duration annotations of a cappella singing performed by jingju (京剧, Beijing opera) professional and amateur singers. This dataset was used as the experimental dataset in the following work:</p> <blockquote> <p>Rong Gong, Nicolas Obin, Georgi Dzhambazov and Xavier Serra, “Score-Informed syllable segmentation for jingju a cappella singing voice with Mel-frequency intensity profiles," in<em> Folk Music Analysis workshop (FMA) 2017, Málaga, Spain</em></p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Audio Content</strong></p> <p>The audio files are the a cappella singing arias recordings, which are stereo or mono, sampled at 44.1 kHz, and stored as wav files. They can be found at this link http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.344932</p> <p>The wav files are recorded by two institutes: those file names ending with ‘qm’ are recorded by C4DM Queen Mary University of London; others file names ending with ‘upf’ or ‘lon’ are recorded by MTG-UPF. If you use the dataset in your work, please cite the following publication.</p> <blockquote> <p>D. A. A. Black, M. Li, and M. Tian, “Automatic Identification of Emotional Cues in Chinese Opera Singing,” in <em>13th Int. Conf. on Music </em><em>Perception and Cognition</em> (ICMPC-2014), 2014, pp. 250–255.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Annotations</strong></p> <p>The syllable boundary annotation is in Textgrid format (Praat). The annotation is done in both phrase-level and syllable-level. The syllable duration annotation is in cvs format. Please consult Readme text in both folders for further details. The parsing code of the annotation files is provided in ‘pycode’ folder. </p> <p><strong>Availability of the Dataset</strong></p> <p>The annotations and codes in this dataset are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p>If you have any questions or comments about the dataset, please feel free to write to us.</p> <p>Rong Gong: rong<dot>gong<at>upf<dot>edu</p> <p>Rafael Caro Repetto: rafael<dot>caro<at>upf<dot>edu</p>
Data supplementing the article "Einhäuser, W., & Nuthmann, A. (2016). Salient in space, salient in time: Fixation probability predicts fixation duration during natural scene viewing. Journal of Vision, 16(11):13, 1-17, doi:10.1167/16.11.13."
<p>These data supplement the article Einhäuser, W., & Nuthmann, A. (2016). Salient in space, salient in time: Fixation probability predicts fixation duration during natural scene viewing. Journal of Vision, 16(11):13, 1-17, doi:10.1167/16.11.13.</p> <p>The data can be used freely for academic purposes, provided the aforementioned reference is appropriately cited.</p> <p>The following files are available for experiment 2 of the article:</p> <p>allData.mat</p> <p>Includes the datamatrix allData with the following columns:</p> <p>1) Line used for analysis in the article (0 - no, 1-yes).<br> Possible reasons for exclusion:<br> a. fixation duration smaller than 50ms or larger 1000ms<br> b. fixation adjacent to a blink (preceding or following)<br> c. fixation outside the image</p> <p>2) ID of observer (1-24)</p> <p>3) ID of condition (1:grayscale, 2: reduced luminance, 3: reduced contrast, 4: equalized luminance, 5: equalized contrast, 6: phasenoise)</p> <p>4) ID of image (48 unique numbers between 1 and 135)</p> <p>5) horizontal eye position</p> <p>6) vertical eye position</p> <p>7) fixation duration in ms</p> <p>8) value of empirical map generated from search condition of experiment 1 at fixated location</p> <p>9) value of empirical map generated from preference condition of experiment 1 at fixated location</p> <p>10) value of empirical map generated from memorization condition of experiment 1 at fixated location</p> <p>11) value of empirical map generated from joining memorization and preference condition of experiment 1 at fixated location</p> <p>12) value of empirical map generated from condition 1 at fixated location</p> <p>13) value of empirical map generated from condition 2 at fixated location</p> <p>14) value of empirical map generated from condition 3 at fixated location</p> <p>15) value of empirical map generated from condition 4 at fixated location</p> <p>16) value of empirical map generated from condition 5 at fixated location</p> <p>17) value of empirical map generated from condition 6 at fixated location</p> <p>18) value of empirical map generated from condition 1 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>19) value of empirical map generated from condition 2 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>20) value of empirical map generated from condition 3 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>21) value of empirical map generated from condition 4 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>22) value of empirical map generated from condition 5 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>23) value of empirical map generated from condition 6 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>24) luminance at fixation</p> <p>25) luminance contrast at fixation</p> <p>26) edge density at fixation</p> <p>27) eccentricity of fixation</p> <p> </p> <p>usedData.Rdata</p> <p>- for all lines that are used for analysis (allData(:,1)==1) a field in an R dataframe is created, which contains the following fields (for details, see description of matlab file above):</p> <p>obsNum: the ID of the observer (1-24)</p> <p>condNum: the ID of the condition (1-6)</p> <p>imgNum: the ID of the image (48 unique numbers between 1 and 135)</p> <p>fixDur: fixation duration</p> <p>LUM, LCG, ED, ECC: luminance, contrast, edge density and eccentricity at fixation</p> <p>empMapFromSearch, empMapFromPref, empMapFromMem, empMapFromJoint: values of empirical maps generated from data of experiment 1 (search, preference, memorization task as well as combination of the latter two) at fixation</p> <p>empMapFromC1 through empMapFromC6: value of empirical map generated from condition 1 through 6 at fixated location</p> <p>empMapFromC1loo through empMapFromC6loo - value of empirical map generated from condition 1 through 6 at fixated location leaving out the current observer</p> <p>x,y - coordinates of fixation</p> <p> </p> <p>modelsFigure7.R - computes all models for figure 7 of the aforementioned article (Note: depending on your system, this can take substantial time; depending on the version of the lme-package results may deviate slightly from those given in the paper)</p> <p>modelsFigure8.R - computes all models for figure 8 of the aforementioned article (Note: depending on your system, this can take substantial time; depending on the version of the lme-package results may deviate slightly from those given in the paper)</p> <p> </p>
Context-dependent multimodal behaviour in a coral reef fish: Stage 1 & 2 total duration and count data in behaviour trials
<p>Animals are expected to respond flexibly to changing circumstances, with multimodal signalling providing potential plasticity in social interactions. Whilst numerous studies have documented context-dependent behavioural trade-offs in terrestrial species, far less work has considered such decision-making in fish, especially in natural conditions. Coral reef ecosystems host 25% of all known marine species, making them hotbeds of competition and predation. We conducted experiments with wild Ambon damselfish (<em>Pomacentrus amboinensis)</em> to investigate context-dependent responses to a conspecific intruder; specifically, how nest defence is influenced by an elevated predation risk. We found that nest-defending male Ambon damselfish responded aggressively to a conspecific intruder, spending less time sheltering and more time interacting, as well as signalling both visually and acoustically. In the presence of a model predator compared to a model herbivore, males spent less time interacting with the intruder, with a tendency towards reduced investment in visual displays compensated for by an increase in acoustic signalling instead. We therefore provide ecologically valid evidence that the context experienced by an individual can affect its behavioural responses and multimodal displays towards conspecific threats.</p>
Simulated Herbarium data for testing the accuracy with which specimen data can predict the timing and duration of population-level flowering displays
<p>This dataset provides code and example data for simulating specimen collections of flowering plants across North America, and for developing phenological predictions of population-level flowering onset and termination for these data. It further presents code for assessing the accuracy of these predictions relaticve to known (simulated) population-level flowering dates at the location of each collection.</p>
A 1505-year sunshine duration reconstruction derived from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes
<p>Related to publication: <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172042" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172042</a></p> <p>Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Rolf T.W. Siegwolf, Mikhail S. Zharkov, Matthias Saurer,<br>Dual carbon and oxygen isotopes in Siberian tree rings as indicator of millennia sunshine duration changes,<br>Science of The Total Environment,<br>2024,<br>172042,<br>ISSN 0048-9697,<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172042.<br>(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724021855)<br>Abstract: The current lack of information on past summer sunshine duration variability from annually resolved palaeoclimatological archives is hindering progress in the understanding and modelling of the earth climate system. We show that a combination of tree-ring carbon and oxygen isotopes from Siberia provides robust information on summer sunshine duration, which we use for an annual 1505-year reconstruction of July sunshine duration variability (1,5K-SIB-JSDR). We found that the Medieval maximum is 56 % higher than the average over 1505 years. Rapid and drastic decreases in sunshine duration up to 60 % correspond to major stratospheric volcanic eruptions. Grand Solar Minima and total sunspot numbers are also well preserved in the 1,5K-SIB-JSDR. Coherency with a global air temperature composite and spring Arctic Oscillation indicate that a large-scale climate signal is retained in our sunshine reconstruction.</p> <p>Keywords: Stable isotopes; Sunshine duration; Reconstruction; Volcanic eruptions; Sunspot numbers; Atmospheric circulation patterns; Permafrost; Siberia</p>
Figure 4 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 4. Effect of storage temperature at 20 °C, for 8 prior incubations at 10 and 15 °C for 12 weeks, on the cumulative hatching of H. latipons populations. Cumulative percentages of hatched populations. Vertical bars indicate the standard deviation of the means.
Figure 3 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 3. Effect of storage temperature at 5 °C, for 8 prior incubations at 10 and 15 °C for 12 weeks, on the cumulative hatching of H. latipons populations. Cumulative percentages of hatched populations. Vertical bars indicate the standard deviation of the means.
Figure 2 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 2. Effect of various temperatures on the emergence of J2s (J2s) of H. latiponspopulations. Cumulative percentages of hatched J2s followed by the same letter were not significantly different according to the Tukey HSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation of the means.
Figure 1 in Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the hatching behaviour of Heterodera latipons (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Figure 1. Neighbour-joining tree constructed based on the ITS sequence alignment of the H. latipons populations from this study and corresponding populations representing species from GenBank. Numbers on the branches represent bootstrap values obtained from 1000 bootstrap replications.
Data, code, and outputs for the paper "Can Place-Based Crime Prevention Impacts be Sustained Over Long Durations? 11-Year Follow-Up of a Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a CCTV Project"
<p>**********<br>Can Place-Based Crime Prevention Impacts be Sustained Over Long Durations? 11-Year Follow-Up of a Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a CCTV Project<br>**********</p> <p>The phase-specific datasets for the main and displacement analyses are contained in the “1.datasets” folder. </p> <p>The scripts used to conduct the microsynthetic control matching analyses are contained in the “2.Rscripts” folder. The subfolders “3.outputs_main” and "4.outputs_displacement" contains all graphs and tables generated by the microsynth package. Please note that running the analysis will take several hours on most computer systems.</p> <p>The Microsoft Excel file displays the results of all models conducted for this analysis. Yellow tabs contain the WDD results presented in the text of the article. Red tabs are the per-capita (quarter-year) microsynth results used to calculate WDD values. All other tabs contain the raw microsynth outputs used to calculate the per-capita results. </p>
The urban boundaries of 196 cities in China for deriving urban precipitation intensity-duration-frequency curves
<p>The shapefiles of urban boundaries of 196 cities in China are generated by processing and filtering the outputs of Li et al., (2018). Mapping global urban boundaries from the global artificial impervious area (GAIA) data. </p>
Interactions among multiple stressors vary with exposure duration and biological response
<p>Coastal ecosystems are exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors. Effective management actions would be better informed from generalized predictions of the individual, combined and interactive effects of multiple stressors; however, few generalities are shared across different meta-analyses. Using an experimental study, we present an approach for analysing regression-based designs with generalized additive models that allowed us to capture nonlinear effects of exposure duration and stressor intensity and access interactions among stressors. We tested the approach on a globally distributed marine diatom, using 72 h photosynthesis and growth assays to quantify the individual and combined effects of three common water quality stressors; photosystem II-inhibiting herbicide exposure, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) enrichment and reduced light (due to excess suspended sediment). Exposure to DIN and reduced light generally resulted in additivity, while exposure to diuron and reduced light resulted in additive, antagonistic or synergistic interactions, depending on the stressor intensity, exposure period and biological response. We thus find the context of experimental studies to be a primary driver of interactions. The experimental and modelling approaches used here bridge the gap between two-way designs and regression-based studies, which provides a way forward to identify generalities in multiple stressor interactions.</p>
Transcriptome data of social defeat stress of various durations
<p>Data of meta-analysis of transcriptomic changes in the PFC after SDS of various durations. This analysis enabled us to identify clusters of the most reproducible changes in gene expression after 10 and 30 days of SDS and to determine which genes are associated with susceptibility and resistance to SDS after 10 days. Furthermore, we compared such changes in mice after SDS of various durations with data from a meta-analysis of postmortem transcriptomes of the dorsolateral PFC from depressed patients and data of the transcriptomic study on the PFC from patients with PTSD.</p>
Surgical case mixes and distributions of perioperative surgical process durations for German hospitals
<p>The data set consists of parameters of distributions of perioperative surgical process durations in German hospitals subdivided by the level of care, the surgical specialty, patient type (in- or outpatient), and the procedure’s main OPS code. We consider the following processes: anesthesia induction time, anesthesia emergence time, surgical lead-in, incision-to-closure time, surgical lead-out, and closure-to-incision time (as described in the German Perioperative Procedural Time Glossary). In addition, we provide the number of cases (classified by the procedure’s main OPS code) treated in one year per level of care, surgical specialty, and patient type (in- or outpatient).</p> <p>The supplied data set is the result of processing the 2019 surgical process data set from the Operating Room benchmarking program of German-speaking countries provided by the company digmed GmbH. In total, we considered 2,035,126 recorded surgeries from 212 different hospitals. The data set was created and published to facilitate and promote research on Operating Room planning in the field of Operations Research. It can be used for generating specific problem instances or benchmark sets for Operating Room planning problems.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 4 in Preliminary assessment of mating duration and prolonged post-copulatory associations in Arrenurus water mites (Actinotrichida: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure 4 Time spent on post-deposition behaviour (in %). Post-deposition behaviour is expressed as percentage of the total time spent on mating. The 25-75 percent quartiles are presented using a box. The medians are shown with a horizontal line inside the box. The minimal and maximal values are presented with the "whiskers". Petiolate species are indicated by light orange, and apetiolate ones by
Figure3 in Preliminary assessment of mating duration and prolonged post-copulatory associations in Arrenurus water mites (Actinotrichida: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure3 Durations of different stages of mating (in min): A – pre-pairing stage; B – behaviours from initial pairing to the end of spermatophore deposition; C – post-deposition behaviour; D – total time spent on mating. The 25-75 percent quartiles are drawn using a box. The medians are shown with a horizontal line inside the box. The minimal and maximal values are visualized with horizontal lines ("whiskers"). Petiolate species are indicated by light orange, and apetiolate ones by dark green.
Figure 1 in Preliminary assessment of mating duration and prolonged post-copulatory associations in Arrenurus water mites (Actinotrichida: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure 1 Scanning electron micrographs of males: A – apetiolate Arrenurus fontinalis Viets; B – petiolate Arrenurus bicuspidator. Abbrevia-
Responsiveness to cold snaps by turtle embryos depends on exposure timing and duration
<p>Characterizing how organisms respond to transient temperatures may further our understanding of their susceptibility to climate change. In animals with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), unusual transient temperatures during incubation result in sex bias and may therefore impair population breeding capacity. Past studies in the red-eared slider turtle (<em>Trachemys scripta</em>) have demonstrated that the timing and duration of heat exposure ("heat waves") can have major implications for the response of genes involved in gonadal development and the production of female hatchlings. Yet, no study has considered how the response of these genes to transient cold exposure ("cold snaps") may affect gene expression and influence the resulting production of males.</p> <p>We investigated how cold snap timing and duration affect gonadal gene expression in <em>T. scripta</em> embryos. Additionally, we explored the effect of early cold snap exposure duration on resulting hatchling sex ratios. Results show that responsiveness to cool temperatures changes rapidly across development, such that genes that responded to cold snaps when exposure began on incubation day 14 responded differently when cold exposure occurred just 4 to 8 days later. The sex ratio experiment revealed that embryos experiencing an early cold snap also require a long exposure (> 20 days) before most commit to testis development, further suggesting that early development under warm temperatures may lower their sensitivity to later cold snaps. These results highlight how individual responses to incubation temperature can change rapidly across development in turtles and have important effects on sex ratios. We discuss how variation in responsiveness to transient temperatures might help maintain mixed-sex ratios under variable thermal conditions in nature and may permit adaptive population responses to climate change.</p>
Road distances and trip duration matrix for Brazilian municipalities
<p>This dataset presents a matrix with road distance and travel duration estimates for all the trips combination among the Brazilian municipalities. More details about the methodology are available <a href="https://rfsaldanha.github.io/data-projects/brazil_road_distances.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p> <p>This version was generated considering the road network at the OSRM project on May 2024.</p> <p><strong>Variable dictionary</strong></p> <ul> <li>orig: Code of the municipality of origin (IBGE 7-digits) </li> <li>dest: Code of the municipality of destiny (IBGE 7-digits) </li> <li>dist: Road distance of the shortest route, in meters</li> <li>dur: Travel time estimation, in minutes.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Files</strong></p> <ul> <li>dist_brasil.rds : R serialized object</li> <li>dist_brasil.parquet : Parquet format</li> <li>dist_brasil.zip : Compressed CSV file. Semi-colon ( ; ) field delimiter and point ( . ) as decimal separator</li> </ul>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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