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Fig. 1 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 1 Geographical setting: a, general location; b, simplified map showing outcrops of the Mendoza and Los Menucos groups in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro. Outcrops of the Mendoza Group are redrawn from the regional scheme in the geological map HG 3969-I Zapala (Leanza et al., 2001). Outcrops of the Los Menucos Group are redrawn from the regional scheme (esquema regional) in the geological map HG 4169-II Los Menucos (Cuchi et al., 2001)

Fig. 3 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 3 Nannoflora identified in the sediment of MPCA 632: Cyclagelosphaera margerelii (1–4), Crepidolithus sp. (5–6), Watznaueria barnesiae (7–8), Polycostella beckmannii (9–12), Watznaueria britannica (13), Watznaueria fossacincta (14), Watznaueria biporta (15–16)

Fig. 9 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 9. Palaeogeographic map for the Tremadocian, with the location of latest Cambrian and earliest Tremadocian cephalopods (simplified from Cocks and Torsvik 2021). Abbreviations: AAC, Arctic-Alaska Chukotka; AN, Annamia; ATA, Armorican Terrane Assemblage; AV, Avalonia; BC, Boshchekul- Chingiz; CU, Cuyania; F, Florida; K, Kara; K-O, Kolyma-Omolon; NT, North Tien Shan (including Ch-Ili); PA, Palaeo-Adria; SK, Stepnyak, Selety, and Kokchetav; T, Tarim.

Fig. 3 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 3. Polished sections of samples from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina, showing the random orientation of the conchs of Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. A. CEGH-UNC 27489, showing diagonal and transverse views of specimens. B. CEGH-UNC 27491. B1, several cephalopods tangentially cut, and fragments of shell material. B2, some almost transverse and oblique sections of cephalopods and a variety of undetermined shell material. B3, transverse and sagittal cuts of cephalopods and a variety of randomly oriented shell material. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 2. A in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 2. A. Map of South America showing the main Paleozoic geological provinces of NW Argentina. B. Map of the study area (Jujuy Province, Argentina). The satellite image from Google Earth. QA, Quebrada de Arenal (-23.474677, -65.337646); QY, Quebrada de Yacoraite (-23.3321972, -65.457527). C. General view of the outcrop where the specimens were collected along the Quebrada de Arenal. This interval is characterized by sandstone interbedded with a general interval of siltstone. D. Regional biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy correlated with the map intervals used. Modified and updated from Balseiro and Waisfeld (2013) and Vaucher et al. (2020). R. f. anglica, Rhabdinopora flabelliformis anglica. E. Stratigraphic section of the Quebrada de Arenal with the main facies assemblages (FA) that defined the section. Modified from Vaucher et al. (2020). The position where the samples were collected is indicated and belongs to Kainella merdionalis Trilobite Biozon. Til., Tilcara Member; R., Ruspaca Member; K. t., Kainella teiichii.

Fig. 1 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 1. Cambrian and early Tremadocian cephalopod records from different localities within the paleotropical belt (compiled from literature).Abbreviations: Fm., formation; Mb., Member.

Fig. 6 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 6. Ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. (paratype CEGH-UNC 27495a) from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A1, external lateral (slightly oblique) view of the coated specimen; A2, longitudinal micro-CT section; A3, detail of the apical part and adjacent chambers viewed in the micro-CT scan.

Fig. 5 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 5. Ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. CEGH-UNC 27494a in lateral view (coated with ammonium chloride A1, without coating A2), intermediate view between lateral and dorsal (A3). Note the sutural lateral lobes and the bent apical part of the conch. B. CEGH-UNC 27494c in dorsal view. Note the specimen is crossed by a fracture in the rock that was fixed. C. CEGH-UNC 27501 in dorsal view with the apical part rather deformed. D. CEGHUNC 27496a in dorsal view. E. CEGH-UNC 27496c in dorsal view, partially broken externally. F. CEGH-UNC 27491b in dorsal view, with shell wall. G. CEGH-UNC 27491c in external view, showing the growth lines. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 4. Virtual reconstruction of the ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian, Lower Ordovician of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina based on composite data of the CT scan analysis of sample CEGH-UNC 27495 (three specimens), in dorsal (A1) and lateral (A2) views.

Fig. 7 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 7. Polished sections with different orientations of the ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. CEGH-UNC 27489a, sagittal and somewhat oblique cut showing part of the siphuncle, the living chamber and the camerae. B. CEGH-UNC 27489b, sagittal and oblique cut of part of phragmocone showing septal necks. C. CEGH-UNC 27489c, sagittal and oblique cut of part of phragmocone broken apically showing cameral depth. D. CEGH-UNC 27489d, oblique cut of a fragment of conch with some broken septa and part of the siphuncle visible apically. E. CEGH-UNC 27489e, oblique cut of part of a conch in which the siphuncle is partially visible. F. CEGH-UNC 24784a, nearly longitudinal cut showing the siphuncle with septal necks and connecting rings. G. CEGH-UNC 24784b, detail of siphuncle in an oblique section. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 8 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 8. Early Tremadocian (Ordovician) cephalopods from Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. Ellesmeroceratid Ellesmeroceras sp. (CEGH-UNC 27496b) in oblique-lateral (A1) and oblique-ventral (A2) view of the uncoated specimen, and oblique-lateral view of the coated specimen (A3). Arrow points to the siphuncle. Note the sinuosity of the suture lines. B. Bassleroceratid Bassleroceras? sp. (CEGH-UNC 27497) in lateral view (B1, B2) showing exogastric curvature, low expansion rate, and external siphuncle, in apical view of the apicalmost septum preserved (B3, B4), showing the slightly compressed shape and the siphuncle position. Photographs (B1, B3) and schematic drawings (B2, B4) Scale bars: A, 5 mm, B1, B2, 2 mm; B3, B4, 1 mm. discarded order Bassleroceratida (Evans 2011: 22, and dis- 3.2 mm correspond to part of the living chamber and 4.1 cussion and references therein). We followed here the pro- mm to part of the phragmocone. It has an oral dorsoventral posal by Pohle et al. (2022), in which the family is located diameter of ca. 3 mm, an apical dorsoventral diameter of c within the subclass but not included in any particular or- 2.6 mm, and an apical lateral diameter of ca. 2.1 mm. The der, although Kröger and Pohle (2021) included the family cross-section is slightly compressed (0.8), and the siphuncle within Ellesmerocerida. See Evans (2011) for further discus- is rather large, ventral and marginal (Fig. 8B), with a diamesion about the family Bassleroceratidae. ter 34 % of that the conch diameter. The chambers are very short, ca. 0.3 mm long (Fig. 8B1). There are 10 chambers in Genus Bassleroceras Ulrich and Foerste, 1935 a length equivalent to the conch diameter, i.e., an RCL of 0.1. Type species: Orthoceras perseus Billings, 1865, from the St. Armand At 2.3°, the expansion rate is very low. CEGH-UNC 27480a Limestone, near Phillipsburg, Missisquoi County, Quebec, Canada. is a 7.4 mm long fragment of a slightly exogastric conch, of Tremadocian, Lower Ordovician. which 4 mm corresponds to part of the living chamber and Bassleroceras? sp. 3.4 mm to the phragmocone. Adapically, the dorsoventral diameter is ca. 3 mm, and the siphuncle is 1 mm wide, or Fig. 8B. 33% of that the conch diameter. The chambers are 0.3 mm Material.—CEGH-UNC 27497 and 27480a, from the Alfa- long, indicating an RCL of 0.08. The SCI is 0.16. rcito Member, Santa Rosita Formation, lower Tremadocian, Remarks.—The slightly exogastric curvature of these spec- Lower Ordovician, Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, imens, along with the very low expansion rate of the conch, Jujuy, Argentina. suggests that they can be assigned to the Basslerocertidae. Description.—CEGH-UNC 27497 is a 7.3 mm long frag- We would need more material in order to investigate interment of a slightly exogastrically curved conch, of which nal structures and determine more precisely the taxonomic

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Figure 2 in C. H. McLennan ('Mallee Bird') and his Aboriginal informant Jowley: The source of early records of the Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis in Victoria?

Figure 2. Participants at a reception held for Gregory Mathews by the 1914 RAOU Council at Melbourne's Royal Botanic Gardens on 10 March 1914. From left to right the participants are: Dr J. Leach, L. Chandler, C. McLennan, C. Barrett, A.J. Campbell, D. Le Souef, T. Tregellas, Z. Grey and G. Mathews.

Fig. 4. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 4. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of ischia (small slab, both ischia are exposed in lateral view, anterior is to the right). Note the pronounced bend along the dorsal edge of the bone (arrows). Sacral and caudal centra between the ischia are exposed in ventral view.

Fig. 3. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 3. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex casts of sacral region. A. Large slab, dorsal view. B. Small slab, ventral view. Abbreviations: na, neural arches and spines; s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, sacral centra;?s6, possible 6th sacral centrum (may instead represent first caudal centrum); sr, sr1, sr2, sr5, sacral ribs; sr6, possible 6th sacral rib (may instead represent first caudal rib).

Fig. 2. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 2. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of right ilium (large slab) in lateral view.

Fig. 6. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 6. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of right tibia and fibula, partial right femur, and right pes (large slab). Tibia and fibula are exposed in posterior view; pes is exposed in anterior view. Note first phalanx of digit I. Roman numerals I–IV correspond to respective digits.

Fig. 5. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 5. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of distal left scapula and associated elements of the forelimb (large slab).

Fig. 1. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 1. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. A. Large sandstone slab. B. Interpretative outline drawing of large latex cast (prepared from large sandstone slab), showing majority of postcranial skeleton in dorsal view. C. Small sandstone slab. D. Interpretative outline drawing of small latex cast (prepared from small sandstone slab), showing sacrum and caudals, pelvic region and partial hindlimbs in ventral view. For clarity elements in and around the sacral region have not been labelled—these areas are shown in greater detail in Fig. 3. Roman numerals II–IV correspond to respective digits. Abbreviations: mt, metatarsals; f, femur;?, unidentified element.

opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

Mobile Device Voice Recordings at King's College London (MDVR-KCL) from both early and advanced Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls

Dataset description The dataset description will start with describing the local conditions and other metadata, then will continue with describing the recording procedure and annotation methodology. Finally, a brief description of the dataset deployment and publication will be given. Meta Information The dataset was recorded at King's College London (KCL) Hospital, Denmark Hill, Brixton, London SE5 9RS in the period from 26 to 29 September 2017. We used a typical examination room with about ten square meters area and a typical reverberation tome of approx. 500ms to perform the voice recordings. Due to the fact, that the voice recordings are performed in the realistic situation of doing a phone call (i.e. participant holds the phone to the preferred ear and microphone is in direct proximity to the mouth), one can assume that all recordings were performed within the reverberation radius and thus can be considered as “clean”. Recording Procedure We used a Motorola Moto G4 Smartphone as recording device. To perform the voice recordings on the device, we developed a “Toggle Recording App”, which uses the same functionalities as the voice recording module used within the i-PROGNOSIS Smartphone application, but deployed as a standalone android application. This means, that the voice capturing service runs as a standalone background service on the recording device and triggers voice recordings via on- and off-hook signals of the Smartphone. Due to the fact, that we directly record the microphone signal, and not the GSM (“Global System for Mobile Communications”) compressed stream, we end up with high quality recordings with a sample rate of 44.1 kHz and a bit depth of 16 Bit (audio CD quality). The raw, uncompressed data is directly written to the external storage of the Smartphone (SD-card) using the well-known WAVE file format (.wav). We used the following workflow to perform a voice recording: <ul> <li>Ask the participant to relax a bit and then to make a phone call to the test executor (off-hook signal triggered).}</li> <li>Ask the participant to read out “The North Wind and the Sun”</li> <li>Depending on the constitution of the participant either ask to read out “Tech. Engin. Computer applications in geography snippet”</li> <li>Start a spontaneous dialog with the participant, the test executor starts asking random questions about places of interest, local traffic, or personal interests if acceptable.</li> <li>Test executor ends call by farewell (on-hook signal triggered).</li> </ul> Annotation Scheme For each HC and PD participant, we labeled the data regarding scores on the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y), as well as the UPDRS II part 5 and UPDRS III part 18 scale. The voice recordings are labeled in the following scheme: SI_ HS_ HYR_ UPDRS II-5_UPDRS III-18 with <ul> <li>SI as subject identification in the form IDNN, N in [0, 9]</li> <li>HS as the health status label (hc or pd accordingly)</li> <li>HYR as the expert assessed H&Y scale rating</li> <li>UPDRS II-5 as the according expert peer-reviewed score</li> <li>UPDRS III-18 as the according expert assessed score</li> </ul> For example, an audio recording with the file name “ID02_pd_1_2_1.wav” represents a recording of the third participant (First participant was anonymized as ID00), which has PD and a H&Y rating of 1, a UPDRS II-5 score of 2 and a UPDRS III-18 score of 1. At this point, it should be noted, that also all healthy controls were evaluated with regard to the introduced scales, because Parkinson's disease and voice degradation correlate, but don't match exactly. This means, that the data set includes one HC participant (ID31) with UPDRS II-5 and III-18 rating of 1, and also includes PD patients with UPDRS II-5 and III-18 ratings of 0. It should be emphasized, that this does not mean the data set includes ambiguous information, but that an expert was not able to hear voice degradation that would end up in a UPDRS rating greater than zero. Machine learning approaches may be able to nevertheless classify correctly, or at least learn to correlate, but not match PD and voice degradation at any time. Appendix North Wind and the Sun (Orthographic Version): “The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last the North Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shone out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.” BNC – Tech. Engin. Computer applications in geography snippet: “[...] This is because there is less scattering of blue light as the atmospheric path length and consequently the degree of scattering of the incoming radiation is reduced. For the same reason, the sun appears to be whiter and less orange-coloured as the observer's altitude increases; this is because a greater proportion of the sunlight comes directly to the observer's eye. Figure 5.7 is a schematic representation of the path of electromagnetic energy in the visible spectrum as it travels from the sun to the Earth and back again towards a sensor mounted on an orbiting satellite. The paths of waves representing energy prone to scattering (that is, the shorter wavelengths) as it travels from sun to Earth are shown. To the sensor it appears that all the energy has been reflected from point P on the ground whereas, in fact, it has not, because some has been scattered within the atmosphere and has never reached the ground at all. [...]”