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217 results for “ecological association”
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new western Canadian record of Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson), with discussion of ecological associations, distribution and conservation status in Canada.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new western Canadian record of Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson), with discussion of ecological associations, distribution and conservation status in Canada". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6011377d-14c4-42fa-a5b1-22643dfacdf1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6011377d-14c4-42fa-a5b1-22643dfacdf1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6011377d-14c4-42fa-a5b1-22643dfacdf1">https://gbif.org/dataset/6011377d-14c4-42fa-a5b1-22643dfacdf1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Inhibitory control, exploration behaviour and manipulated ecological context are associated with foraging flexibility in the great tit
<p class="MsoCommentText">Organisms are constantly under selection to respond effectively to diverse, sometimes rapid, changes in their environment, but not all individuals are equally plastic in their behaviour. Although cognitive processes and personality are expected to influence individual behavioural plasticity, the effects reported are highly inconsistent, which we hypothesise is because ecological context is usually not considered.</p> <p class="MsoCommentText">We explored how one type of behavioural plasticity, foraging flexibility, was associated with inhibitory control (assayed using a detour-reaching task) and exploration behaviour in a novel environment (a trait closely linked to the fast-slow personality axis). We investigated how these effects varied across two experimentally manipulated ecological contexts, food value and predation risk.</p> <p class="MsoCommentText">In the first phase of the experiment, we trained great tits <i>Parus major</i> to retrieve high value (preferred) food that was hidden in sand so that this became the familiar food source. In the second phase, we offered them the same familiar hidden food at the same time as a new alternative option that was visible on the surface, which was either high or low value, and under either high or low perceived predation risk. Foraging flexibility was defined as the proportion of choices made during four minute trials that were for the new alternative food source.</p> <p>Our assays captured consistent differences among individuals in foraging flexibility. Inhibitory control was associated with foraging flexibility - birds with high inhibitory control were more flexible when the alternative food was high value, suggesting they inhibited the urge to select the familiar food and instead selected the new food option. Exploration behaviour also predicted flexibility – fast explorers were more flexible, supporting the information gathering hypothesis. This tendency was especially strong under high predation risk, suggesting risk aversion also influenced the observed flexibility because fast explorers are risk prone and the new unfamiliar food was perceived to be the risky option. Thus, both behaviours predicted flexibility, and these links were at least partly dependent on ecological conditions.</p> <p class="MsoCommentText">Our results demonstrate that an executive cognitive function (inhibitory control) and a behavioural assay of a well-known personality axis are both associated with individual variation in the plasticity of a key functional behaviour. That their effects on foraging flexibility were primarily observed as interactions with food value or predation risk treatments also suggests that the population level consequences of some behavioural mechanisms may only be revealed across key ecological conditions.</p>
Distribution System Environmental and Sequencing Datasets for Assessing the Impacts of Lead Corrosion Control on the Microbial Ecology and Abundance of Drinking Water Associated Pathogens in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Distribution System
<p>The dataset of environmental parameters and sequence fastqs used to create figures and do analysis in the paper <strong>Assessing the Impacts of Lead Corrosion Control on the Microbial Ecology and Abundance of Drinking Water Associated Pathogens in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Distribution System </strong>submitted to Environmental Science & Technology</p>
Code for: A century of wild bee sampling: historical data and neural network analysis reveal ecological traits associated with species loss
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Inhibitory control, exploration behaviour and manipulated ecological context are associated with foraging flexibility in the great tit
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Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).
Environmental, molecular, and life history data associated with ecological and evolutionary nematode responses to soil phosphorus availability, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Elemental stoichiometry is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the sources and controls on nutrient availability that can structure the composition, diversity, and life history of biotic communities. One such relationship, as postulated by the growth rate hypothesis (GRH), is that organismal development rate is positively linked to cellular phosphorus (P). To test the GRH as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, we examined the effects of phosphorus (P) availability both in situ and in vitro, on the evolution of growth and development of free-living soil nematodes (primarily Plectus murrayi) that occur in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. During the 2008-2009 austral summer, we collected soils from two glacial till sequences, the Ross Sea till and Taylor II till, occurring in the Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney basins, respectively, of Taylor Valley. Through a variety of subsequent analyses, we generated the environmental, molecular, and life history trait data contained herein. In addition, this package contains body size and biomass data for nematodes isolated from soil samples collected during the 1999-2000 and 2004-2005 austral summers.
Data from: Cranial evolution in the extinct Rodrigues Island owl Otus murivorus (Strigidae), associated with unexpected ecological adaptations
<p>Island birds that were victim of anthropic extinctions were often more specialist species, having evolved their most distinctive features in isolation. Here we studied a fossil cranium of the 'giant' extinct scops owl <i>Otus murivorus</i> from Rodrigues Island (Mascarene Islands, southwestern Indian Ocean), to determine any potential unique characters. The fossil and extant strigids were imaged through x-ray microtomography, providing 3D views of external and internal (endocast, inner ear) cranial structures. Geometric morphometrics and analyses of traditional measurements yielded new information about the Rodrigues owl's evolution and ecology. <i>Otus murivorus </i>exhibits a 2-tier "lag behind" phenomenon for cranium and brain evolution, both being proportionately small relative to increased body size. It also had a much more developed olfactory bulb than congeners, indicating an unexpectedly developed olfactory sense, suggesting a partial food scavenging habit. In addition, <i>O. murivorus </i>had the eyes placed more laterally than <i>O. sunia</i>, the species from which it was derived, probably a side effect of a small brain; rather terrestrial habits; probably relatively fearless behavior; and a less vertical posture (head less upright) than other owls (this in part an allometric effect of size increase). These evolutionary features, added to gigantism and wing reduction, make the extinct Rodrigues owl's evolution remarkable, and with multiple causes.</p>
Data from: Ecology of sleeping: the microbial and arthropod associates of chimpanzee beds
The indoor environment created by the construction of homes and other buildings is often considered to be uniquely different from other environments. It is composed of organisms that are less diverse than those of the outdoors and strongly sourced by, or dependent upon, human bodies. Yet, no one has ever compared the composition of species found in contemporary human homes to that of other structures built by mammals, including those of non-human primates. Here we consider the microbes and arthropods found in chimpanzee beds, relative to the surrounding environment (n = 41 and 15 beds, respectively). Based on the study of human homes, we hypothesized that the microbes found in chimpanzee beds would be less diverse than those on nearby branches and leaves and that their beds would be primarily composed of body-associated organisms. However, we found that differences between wet and dry seasons and elevation above sea level explained nearly all of the observed variation in microbial diversity and community structure. While we can identify the presence of a chimpanzee based on the assemblage of bacteria, the dominant signal is that of environmental microbes. We found just four ectoparasitic arthropod specimens, none of which appears to be specialized on chimpanzees or their structures. These results suggest that the life to which chimpanzees are exposed while in their beds is predominately the same as that of the surrounding environment.
Genotypic variation in an ecologically important parasite is associated with host species, lake, and spore size
<p>Genetic variation in parasites has important consequences for host-parasite interactions. Prior studies of the ecologically important parasite <i>Metschnikowia bicuspidata</i> have suggested low genetic variation in the species. Here, we collected <i>M. bicuspidata</i> from two host species (<i>Daphnia dentifera</i> and <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>) and two regions (Michigan and Indiana, USA). Within a lake, outbreaks tended to occur in one host species but not the other. Using microsatellite markers, we identified six parasite genotypes grouped within three distinct clades, one of which was rare. Of the two main clades, one was generally associated with <i>D. dentifera,</i> with lakes in both regions containing a single genotype. The other <i>M. bicuspidata</i> clade was mainly associated with <i>C. dubia</i>, with a different genotype dominating in each region. Despite these associations, both <i>D. dentifera-</i> and <i>C. dubia</i>-associated genotypes were found infecting both hosts in lakes. However, in lab experiments, the <i>D. dentifera</i>-associated genotype infected both <i>D. dentifera</i> and <i>C. dubia</i>, but the <i>C. dubia</i>-associated genotype, which had spores that were approximately 30% smaller, did not infect <i>D. dentifera. </i>We hypothesize that variation in spore size might help explain patterns of cross-species transmission. Future studies exploring the causes and consequences of variation in spore size may help explain patterns of infection and the maintenance of genotypic diversity in this ecologically important system.</p>
Data from: Loss and recovery of ecological diversity associated with evolutionary rescue in abruptly and gradually deteriorating environments
<p><span>Populations may survive environmental deterioration by evolutionary adaptation. However, such evolutionary rescue events may be associated with ecological costs, such as reduction in growth performance and loss of ecologically important genetic diversity. Those negative ecological consequences may be mitigated by additional adaptive evolution. Both the ecological costs and the opportunities for additional evolution are contingent on the severity of environmental deterioration. Here we hypothesize that populations evolutionarily rescued from faster, relative to slow, environmental deterioration suffer more severe long-term fitness decline and diversity loss. An experiment with the model adaptive radiation of bacterium <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> exposed to abruptly or gradually increased antibiotic stress supported our hypothesis. The effect of additional adaptive evolution in recovering population size and ecological diversity was far from perfect. Cautions are therefore needed in predicting the role of rapid evolution for mitigating the impacts of environmental changes, in particular very fast environmental deterioration. We also found that bacterial populations rescued from gradually increased antibiotic stress evolved higher levels of antibiotic resistance, lending more support to </span><span>aggressive chemotherapy in pathogen control</span><span>.</span></p>
Data associated with: A phylogenetic perspective on ecological specialisation reveals hummingbird and insect pollinators have generalist diets
<p>Specialisation in food resource use is a crucial process that fosters species coexistence in plant-animal networks, contributing to the maintenance of biodiversity, ecological complexity, and community stability. Notably, although there is a vast literature on ecological specialisation in pollination systems, the evolutionary similarity among the plant species visited by particular pollinators has been largely ignored. Here, we apply a robust phylogenetic approach to analyse whether the evolutionary relatedness of plant species is a significant factor in mediating pollinator visits and how it relates to the morphology of interacting species. We quantified ecological and clade specialisation of hummingbird and insect species in three mutualistic networks from the Costa Rican highlands and associated these metrics with species traits. We found that hummingbirds were overall ecologically more specialised than insects (i.e. visited a less diverse set of plant species). However, when evaluating the phylogenetic relatedness among the visited plant species, all hummingbird species and most insects had overdispersed diets, which indicates they visited phylogenetically distant plant species in the community. Moreover, a great proportion of these clade generalists visited plant species with a great variation in corolla length, showing a lack of preference for this morphological trait. Altogether, our results demonstrate that by incorporating plant phylogeny to network analysis, pollinator species were generalists and that corolla length weakly influences plant-pollinator interactions in the three studied networks. A phylogenetic perspective should occupy a central role in the study of specialisation since it contributes to understanding the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes in mutualistic networks. Future research should focus on evaluating whether the phylogenetic structure of animal diets mediates patterns of interactions in different types of mutualisms and environmental contexts, linking these patterns to other floral traits. This knowledge may be valuable for deepening our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms shaping ecological networks.</p>
WorldClim, elevation and distribution data for all palms from: The ecology of palm genomes: Repeat-associated genome size expansion is constrained by aridity
<p>Genome size varies 2,400-fold across plants, influencing their evolution through changes in cell size and cell division rates which impact plants' environmental stress tolerance. Repetitive element expansion explains much genome size diversity, and the processes structuring repeat 'communities' are analogous to those structuring ecological communities. However, which environmental stressors influence repeat community dynamics has not yet been examined from an ecological perspective.</p> <p>We measured genome size and leveraged climatic data for 91% of genera within the ecologically diverse palm family (Arecaceae). We then generated genomic repeat profiles for 141 palm species, and analysed repeats using phylogenetically-informed linear models to explore relationships between repeat dynamics and environmental factors.</p> <p>We show that palm genome size and repeat 'community' composition are best explained by aridity. Specifically, <em>Ty3-gypsy</em> and <em>TIR </em>elements were more abundant in palm species from wetter environments, which generally had larger genomes, suggesting amplification. In contrast, <em>Ty1-copia</em> and <em>LINE </em>elements were more abundant in drier environments.</p> <p>Our results suggest that water stress inhibits repeat expansion through selection on upper genome size limits. However, elements which may associate with stress-response genes (e.g., <em>Ty1-copia</em>) have amplified in arid-adapted palm species. Overall, we provide novel evidence of climate influencing the assembly of repeat 'communities'. </p>
Assessing Pairwise Ecological Association Inference using a novel Ecological Network Inference Simulation-Validation Framework - Data Repository
<p>Accompanying data for manuscript entitled "<span>A novel Network Inference Simulation-Validation Framework for Assessment of Ecological Network Inference Performance</span>" whose submission is imminent.</p>
Symbionts out of sync: decoupled physiological responses are widespread and ecologically important in lichen associations
<p>A core vulnerability in symbioses is the need for coordination between the symbiotic partners, which are often assumed to be closely physiologically integrated. We critically re-examine this assumed integration in lichen symbioses, recovering a long overlooked yet fundamental physiological asymmetry in carbon balance. We examine the physiological, ecological and transcriptional basis of this asymmetry in the lichen <em>Evernia mesomorpha</em>. This carbon balance asymmetry depends on hydration source and aligns with climatic range limits. Differences in gene expression across the <em>E. mesomorpha</em> symbiosis suggest that the physiologies of the primary lichen symbionts are decoupled. Furthermore, we use gas-exchange data to show that asymmetries in carbon balance are widespread and common across evolutionarily disparate lichen associations. Using carbon balance asymmetry as an example, we provide evidence for the wide-ranging importance of physiological asymmetries in symbioses.</p>
Datasets associated with: Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in-situ logging to remote sensing. Global Ecology and Biogeography
<p>Data associated with the paper 'Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in-situ logging to remote sensing. Global Ecology and Biogeography' by Lembrechts JJ et al., published in Global Ecology and Biogeography.</p> <p>Contains a dataset containing all extracted and measured temperature variables for all 106 measurement plots (climatedata), as well as the climate and species data used in the Species Distribution Models (SDMs). </p> <p>For details on the content of the table, see the readme-file, for details on methodology, see the original paper. </p>
Data from: Integrating Bayesian genomic cline analyses and association mapping of morphological and ecological traits to dissect reproductive isolation and introgression in a Louisiana Iris hybrid zone
Hybrid zones provide unique opportunities to examine reproductive isolation and introgression in nature. We utilized 45,384 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) loci to perform association mapping of 14 floral, vegetative, and ecological traits that differ between Iris hexagona and Iris fulva, and to investigate, using a Bayesian Genomic Cline (BGC) framework, patterns of genomic introgression in a large and phenotypically diverse hybrid zone in southern Louisiana. Many loci of small effect-size were consistently found to be associated with phenotypic variation across all traits, and several individual loci were revealed to influence phenotypic variation across multiple traits. Patterns of genomic introgression were quite heterogeneous throughout the Louisiana Iris genome, with I. hexagona alleles tending to be favored over those of I. fulva. Loci that were found to have exceptional patterns of introgression were also found to be significantly associated with phenotypic variation in a small number of morphological traits. However, this was the exception rather than the rule, as most loci that were associated with morphological trait variation were not significantly associated with excess ancestry. These findings provide insights into the complexity of the genomic architecture of phenotypic differences and are a first step towards identifying loci that are associated with both trait variation and reproductive isolation in nature.
Codes: A new approach to interspecific synchrony in population ecology using tail association
<p>Standard methods for studying the association between two ecologically important variables provide only a small slice of the information content of the association, but statistical approaches are available that provide comprehensive information. In particular, available approaches can reveal<em> tail associations</em>, i.e., accentuated or reduced associations between the more extreme values of variables. We here study the nature and causes of tail associations between phenological or population-density variables of co-located species, and their ecological importance. We employ a simple method of measuring tail associations which we call the <em>partial Spearman correlation.</em> Using multidecadal, multi-species spatiotemporal datasets on aphid first flights and marine phytoplankton population densities, we assess the potential for tail association to illuminate two major topics of study in community ecology: the stability or instability of aggregate community measures such as total community biomass and its<br> relationship with the synchronous or compensatory dynamics of the community's constituent species; and the potential for fluctuations and trends in species phenology to result in trophic mismatches. We find that positively associated fluctuations in the population densities of co-located species commonly show asymmetric tail associations, i.e., it is common for two species' densities to be more correlated when large than when small, or vice versa. Ordinary measures of association such as correlation do not take this asymmetry into account. Likewise, positively associated fluctuations in the phenology of co-located species also commonly show asymmetric tail associations. We provide evidence that tail associations between two or more species' population density or phenology time series can be inherited from mutual tail associations of these quantities with an environmental driver. We argue that our understanding of community dynamics and stability, and of phenologies of interacting species, can be meaningfully improved in future work by taking into account tail associations.</p>
Ecological and socioeconomic factors associated with reported tick-borne viruses
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Data from: Orchid mycorrhizal communities associated with Orchis italica are shaped by ecological factors and geographical gradients
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.