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75 results for “ecological range”
Data from: Ecological release of the Anna's Hummingbird during a northern range expansion
During range expansions species can experience rapid population growth if changes in climate or interspecific interactions remove limits on growth rates in novel habitats. Here I document a century of range expansion in the Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna) and investigate the causes of its recent abundance through a combination of demographic, climatic, and phenological analyses. Christmas Bird Count records show that populations have been growing within the native range since the early twentieth century. Sites across the Pacific Northwest show striking fits to simple models of exponential growth following colonization in the 1960's and 70's, and nest records indicate that the species now delays the start of the nesting season by at least 16 days in the north. Although the species now occurs in a much wider range of climates than it did in its native range, the fastest growing sites in the northwest are in regions with minimum breeding season temperatures similar to those occupied by the species prior to the expansion. Range expansions in the Anna's Hummingbird thus reflect an ecological release likely caused by a mix of human facilitation, introduced plants, and phenological acclimation that allowed a California native to expand across western North America.
Data from: Relatedness with plant species in native community influences ecological consequences of range expansions
Global warming is enabling many plant species to expand their range to higher latitudes and altitudes, where they may suffer less from natural aboveground and belowground enemies. Reduced control by natural enemies can enable climate warming-induced range expanders to get an advantage in competition with natives and become disproportionally abundant in their new range. However, so far studies have examined individual growth of range expanders, which have common congeneric plant species in their new range. Thus it is not known how general is this reduced effect of above- and belowground enemies and how it operates in communities, where multiple plant species also interact with each other. Here we show that range-expanding plant species with and without congenerics in the invaded habitats differ in their ecological interactions in the new range. In a community-level experiment, range-expanding plant species, both with and without congenerics, suppressed the growth of a herbivore. However, only range expanders without congenerics reduced biomass production of the native plant species. In the present study, range expanders without congenerics allocated more biomass aboveground compared to native plant species, which can explain their competitive advantage. Competitive interaction and also biomass allocation of native plants and their congeneric range expanders were similar. Our results highlight that information about species phylogenetic relatedness with native flora can be crucial for improving predictions about the consequences of climate warming-induced range expansions.
When expansion stalls: an extension to the concept of range pinning in ecology
Identifying the factors modulating range expansion is essential to accurately predict changes in the spatial distribution of populations. By preventing population growth after dispersal, Allee effects can lead to front stops in discrete space, called 'pinning' if permanent. However, other mechanisms, such as positive density-dependent dispersal, have also been shown to affect the rate of range expansion and generate discrete-space front stops, albeit temporarily. In this study, we investigated the stability of the front stops generated by such mechanisms in relation to the carrying capacity of the environment. To this end, we performed artificial range expansions in discrete space using stochastic simulations and microcosm experiments. Simulation results confirmed that density-dependent dispersal alone can generate sustained front stops, albeit for a limited range of carrying capacities. We also highlighted the synergy between Allee effects and density-dependent dispersal on pinning emergence. Experimental results, obtained using a model species known to exhibit density-dependent dispersal, but without Allee effects, confirmed the model results. Furthermore, our study raises the issue of carefully considering the conditions for pinning stability, in a stochastic context and depending on the time-scale considered.
Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
<p>This dataset was used to review and analyze coyote diets across North America in "Coyote diets in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion" by Jensen et al. in Mammal Review. We only include data from studies that reported data as percent frequency of occurrence and from multiple seasons. We ultimately used 93 of the included studies (294 seasonal records) in our analyses.</p>
Fig. 3 in Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin
Fig. 3. Relationship between the size (standard length SL, cm) of Cichla piquiti and its prey.
The ecology of suburban juvenile European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Supplementary data set for home range calculations.
<p>The complete data set on which we based the home range calculations on in our paper: The ecology of suburban juvenile European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark, Ecology and Evolution.</p>
Additional climate information for research paper «Ecological and Geographical Analysis of Distribution of Heracleum persicum, H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi on The Northern Limit of Its Invaded Range in Europe» submitted to Russian Journal of Biological Invasions
<p><strong>Additional climate information for research paper «Ecological and Geographical Analysis of Distribution of Heracleum persicum, H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi on The Northern Limit of Its Invaded Range in Europe» submitted to Russian Journal of Biological Invasions </strong></p>
When expansion stalls: an extension to the concept of range pinning in ecology
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Data from: Relatedness with plant species in native community influences ecological consequences of range expansions
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Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
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Does seasonal variation in the corticosterone response affect the nutritional ecology of a free-ranging lizard?
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Data from: Ecological release of the Anna's Hummingbird during a northern range expansion
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Data from: Heading west: Ecology of swift foxes in a novel landscape beyond their range
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Traits-climate range limits data and code (Van Nuland et al. 2019; Ecology and Evolution)
<p>Data and code associated with Van Nuland et al. manuscript “<em>Intraspecific trait variation across elevation predicts a widespread tree species’ climate niche and range limits</em>” in Ecology and Evolution.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary constraint on low elevation range expansion: defense-abiotic stress tolerance tradeoff in crosses of the ecological model Boechera stricta
Most transplant experiments across species geographic range boundaries indicate that adaptation to stressful environments outside the range is often constrained. However, the mechanisms of these constraints remain poorly understood. We used extended generation crosses from diverged high and low elevation populations. In experiments across low elevation range boundaries, there was selection on the parental lines for abiotic stress tolerance and resistance to herbivores. However, in support of a defense-tolerance tradeoff, extended generation crosses showed non-independent segregation of these traits in the lab across a drought-stress gradient and in the field across the low elevation range boundary. Genotypic variation in a marker from a region of the genome containing a candidate gene (MYC2) was associated with change in the genetic tradeoff. Thus, using crosses and forward genetics, we found experimental genetic and molecular evidence for a pleiotropic tradeoff that could constrain the evolution of range expansion.
Data from: Through the eye of a Gobi khulan – application of camera collars for ecological research of far-ranging species in remote and highly variable ecosystems
The Mongolian Gobi-Eastern Steppe Ecosystem is one of the largest remaining natural drylands and home to a unique assemblage of migratory ungulates. Connectivity and integrity of this ecosystem are at risk if increasing human activities are not carefully planned and regulated. The Gobi part supports the largest remaining population of the Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus; locally called "khulan"). Individual khulan roam over areas of thousands of square kilometers and the scale of their movements is among the largest described for terrestrial mammals, making them particularly difficult to monitor. Although GPS satellite telemetry makes it possible to track animals in near-real time and remote sensing provides environmental data at the landscape scale, remotely collected data also harbors the risk of missing important abiotic or biotic environmental variables or life history events. We tested the potential of animal born camera systems ("camera collars") to improve our understanding of the drivers and limitations of khulan movements. Deployment of a camera collar on an adult khulan mare resulted in 7,881 images over a one-year period. Over half of the images showed other khulan and 1,630 images showed enough of the collared khulan to classify the behaviour of the animals seen into several main categories. These khulan images provided us with: i) new insights into important life history events and grouping dynamics, ii) allowed us to calculate time budgets for many more animals than the collared khulan alone, and iii) provided us with a training dataset for calibrating data from accelerometer and tilt sensors in the collar. The images also allowed to document khulan behaviour near infrastructure and to obtain a day-time encounter rate between a specific khulan with semi-nomadic herders and their livestock. Lastly, the images allowed us to ground truth the availability of water by: i) confirming waterpoints predicted from other analyses, ii) detecting new waterpoints, and iii) compare precipitation records for rain and snow from landscape scale climate products with those documented by the camera collar. We discuss the added value of deploying camera collars on a subset of animals in remote, highly variable ecosystems for research and conservation.
Data from: The effect of range overlap on ecological niche divergence depends on spatial scale in monkeyflowers
Patterns of niche divergence and geographical range overlap of closely related species provide insights into the evolutionary dynamics of ecological niches. When ranges overlap, shared selective pressures may preserve niche similarity along coarse‐scale macrohabitat axes (e.g., bioclimates). Alternatively, competitive interactions may drive greater divergence along local‐scale microhabitat axes (e.g., micro‐topographical features). We tested these hypotheses in 16 species pairs of western North American monkeyflowers (Erythranthe and Diplacus, formerly Mimulus) with species' niches, geographic ranges and a robust phylogeny. We found that macrohabitat niche divergence decreased with increasing range overlap, consistent with convergent selection operating at a coarse scale. No significant relationship was detected for microhabitat niches. Additionally, niche divergence was greater for young pairs along all macrohabitat niche axes, but greater for old pairs along one microhabitat axis related to vegetation cover. For a subset of species pairs with partially overlapping ranges, greater microhabitat divergence was detected in sympatry than in allopatry for at least one niche axis for three pairs, consistent with character displacement in sympatry. Thus, coarse‐ and local‐scale niche divergence show dissimilar patterns in relation to range overlap and evolutionary time, perhaps because the relative importance of convergent versus divergent selection depends on spatial scale.
Data from: Ecological immunization: In situ training of free-ranging predatory lizards reduces their vulnerability to invasive toxic prey
In Australia, large native predators are fatally poisoned when they ingest invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina). As a result, the spread of cane toads has caused catastrophic population declines in these predators. Immediately prior to the arrival of toads at a floodplain in the Kimberley region, we induced conditioned taste aversion in free-ranging varanid lizards (Varanus panoptes), by offering them small cane toads. By the end of the 18-month study, only one of 31 untrained lizards had survived longer than 110 days, compared to more than half (nine of 16) of trained lizards; the maximum known survival of a trained lizard in the presence of toads was 482 days. In situ aversion training (releasing small toads in advance of the main invasion front) offers a logistically simple and feasible way to buffer the impact of invasive toads on apex predators.
Evolution of Castanea in North America: RADseq and ecological modeling reveal a history of radiation, range shifts, and disease
<p><b>Premise of the Study: </b>Chestnuts and chinquapins are some of the best known and most widely loved of any plants in North America. Despite the fame of this clade, relatively little genomic sequencing has been done, and much is still unknown about their evolution. </p> <p><b>Methods: </b>Here we use ddRAD data to infer the species-level phylogeny for <i>Castanea </i>and assess the phylogeography of the North American species using samples collected from populations that span the full extent of the species' ranges. We also construct species distribution models using digitized herbarium specimens and observational data from field surveys. </p> <p><b>Key Results: </b>We identified strong population structure within <i>Castanea dentata</i> (American Chestnut) that reflects a stepwise northern migration since the last glacial maximum. Our species distribution models further confirm this scenario and match closely with the <i>Castanea</i> fossil pollen record. We also found significant structure within the <i>Castanea pumila</i> lineage, most notably a genetic cluster that corresponds to the frequently recognized "<i>Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis</i>."</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>The two North American <i>Castanea</i> species have contrasting patterns of population structure, but each is typical of plant phylogeography in North America. Within the <i>C. pumila</i> complex we find novel genetic structure that provides new insights to <i>C. pumila</i> taxonomy. Our results also identify a series of distinctive populations that will be valuable in on going efforts to conserve and restore the Chestnuts and Chinquapins in North America.</p>
Data from: Schneider et al. (2021). Predominantly eastward long-distance dispersal in pantropical Ochnaceae inferred from ancestral range estimation and phylogenomics. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
<p>The data contains (a) DNA sequence alignments of concatenated nuclear loci, near-complete plastid genomes and plastid genomes with sites removed at a 10% gap threshold; (b) maximum clade credibility trees obtained from divergence time estimation in BEAST with each of the alignments; (c) area codings and the input tree (nuclear DNA only) for the ancestral area analysis in BioGeoBears.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.