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Fig. 16 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 16. Early Phaneropteroid clade lineages and Mecopodinae group.Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (Ischnomela sp.) (Stål, 1873) Joseph Mugleston, (Eumecopoda sp.) (Hebard, 1922) Hojun Song.

Fig. 13 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 13. Conocephalinae group: Euconchophorini, Agraeciini, and Copiphorini. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credit: Joseph Mugleston.

Fig. 12 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 12. Conocephalinae group: Conocephalini (Conocephalinae). Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node.Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Photo credit: Arthur Anker.

Fig. 11 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 11. Conocephalinae group: Phlugidini. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credit: Arthur Anker.

Fig. 10 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 10. Pterochrozinae group. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (Arachnoscelis sp.) (Karny, 1911) Reinaldo Aguilar, (Typophyllum sp.) (Serville, 1838) Arthur Anker.

Fig. 9 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 9. Three Australian endemic subfamilies and the Afrotropical/Palearctic Saginae form a sister clade to the remaining Tettigoniidae. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credit: Joseph Mugleston.

Fig. 7 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 7. Convergent shieldback ecomorphs. Tettigoniinae is recovered in four locations across the phylogeny. For most (A–C) the sister lineage is found in the same biogeographic region. The similarity in form is apparent though they are only distantly related. (A) Platydecticus (Chopard, 1951) is part of the Neotropical Pterochrozinae group. (B) Rhachidorus (Herman, 1874) is sister to the Australasian Phisidini. (C) The African tribe Arytropteridini is sister to the African Hetrodinae. (D) The northern hemisphere shieldbacks form a large group that diverged more recently from the rest of theTettigoniinae group. Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (A and C) Orthoptera species file online, (B) David Rentz, (D) Blaž Šegula.

Fig. 1. Five tettigoniid subfamilies contain more than 85 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 1. Five tettigoniid subfamilies contain more than 85% of the described species: Conocephalinae (A; 1,332 spp.), Meconematinae (B; 882 spp.),Tettigoniinae (C; 903 spp.), Pseudophyllinae (D; 982 spp.), and Phaneropterinae (E; 2,633 spp.). Photo credits are as follows: (A, B, and E) Arthur Anker, (C) Joseph Mugleston, (D)Tom Murray.

Fig. 4 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 4. BEAST tree consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (partial). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Asterisks denote taxa that were recovered in a different position than in the phylogenetic analysis (Figs. 2 and 3). Colored branches indicate the biogeographic region.Vertical lines are based on fossil calibrations with each line indicating 50 million years.

Fig. 3 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 3. BEAST tree (log likelihood score of −1.133E5) consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (continued). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Colored boxes around terminals indicate paraphyletic subfamilies.Vertical lines with the accompanying name denote monophyletic groups. Asterisks (*) denote subfamilies represented by only a single exemplar in this study. Subfamilies, subfamily groups, and Tettigonioid or Phaneropteroid clades are marked to the right of the tree.

Fig. 2 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 2. BEAST tree (log likelihood score of −1.133E5) consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (partial). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Colored boxes around terminals indicate paraphyletic subfamilies.Vertical lines with the accompanying name denote monophyletic groups.Asterisks (*) denote subfamilies represented by only a single exemplar in this study. Subfamilies, subfamily groups, and Tettigonioid or Phaneropteroid clades are marked to the right of the tree.

Fig. 6 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 6. Convergent gracile predatory ecomorphs. Meconematinae is paraphyletic and recovered in four positions across the Tettigoniidae phylogeny.Though similar in form, each is only distantly related. (A) Arachnoscelis (Karny, 1911) (Neotropical) is sister to the Neotropical Pterochrozinae group. (B) Phlugidini is sister to the cosmopolitan Conocephalinae. (C) The Indomalayan and Palearctic Meconematini is sister to a diverse clade of Afrotropical and Australasian katydids. (D) Phisidini (Australasian) is sister to the Australian shieldback katydids. Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (A) Reinaldo Aguilar, (B and D) Arthur Anker, (C) Brandon Woo.

Fig. 5 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 5. BEAST tree consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (continued). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Asterisks denote taxa that were recovered in a different position than in the phylogenetic analysis (Figs. 2 and 3). Colored branches indicate the biogeographic region. Vertical lines are based on fossil calibrations with each line indicating 50 million years.

Figure 7 in Phylogeny, taxonomic reassessment and 'ecomorph' relationship of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex (Rodentia: Dipodidae: Allactaginae)

Figure 7. Visualization of the representative morphological variation tendency interpolated under an IDW framework. The distribution range coincided with that in Figure 1A masked by ArcGIS. The base map shows the elevation layers. The red colour indicates a longer valueand the blue colour indicates a shorter value.

Figure 6 in Phylogeny, taxonomic reassessment and 'ecomorph' relationship of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex (Rodentia: Dipodidae: Allactaginae)

Figure 6. Results of the SEEVA, with examples of elevation, annual mean temperature, annual precipitationand global cover coded as four qualitative or quantitative section states (see Materials and Methods for details). The total height of each histogram bar equals 100% of the observations for each clade and the greyscale of the histograms represents the four different states. Numbers on the nodes of the phylogenetic tree represent the divergence degree (D value) between two branches from this node. The star indicates P ≤ 0.025 for the divergence degrees.

Figure 4 in Phylogeny, taxonomic reassessment and 'ecomorph' relationship of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex (Rodentia: Dipodidae: Allactaginae)

Figure 4. Divergence-time tree of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex. Numbers above branches show divergence times and posterior probabilities; numbers in brackets are 95% HPD. Consensus discovery in coloured boxes indicate the species delimitation analyses (including both discovery and validation approaches) represented on the ultrametric tree of the concatenated dataset. The coalescent species tree was estimated by BPP and *BEAST based on mtDNA. Posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny, taxonomic reassessment and 'ecomorph' relationship of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex (Rodentia: Dipodidae: Allactaginae)

Figure 3. Bayesian mtDNA gene tree with the results of five different species delimitation approaches, including morphology. Numbers above branches show posterior probabilities and bootstrap support. Values beside groups and clades names show the mean interspecific genetic distance, calculated as Kimura two-parameter/p-distance.

Figure 2 in Phylogeny, taxonomic reassessment and 'ecomorph' relationship of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex (Rodentia: Dipodidae: Allactaginae)

Figure 2. Sampling sites of the Orientallactaga sibirica complex. Locality coordinates are presented in Supporting Information, Table S1. The dots on the solid line represent the locations where both molecular and morphological data are available, while the dots on the dotted line represent areas where only morphological data are available. The colour of each sampling site indicates individuals belonging to corresponding clades/subspecies identified by molecular analyses directly or deductively. The potential correspondence between subspecies and clades is also labelled with different-coloured boxes.