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211 results for “ecosystem change”
Planktonic functional diversity changes in synchrony with lake ecosystem state
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Managing ecosystems to effectively preserve function and services requires reliable tools that can infer changes in the stability and dynamics of a system. Conceptually, functional diversity (FD) appears a sensitive and viable monitoring metric stemming from suggestions that FD is a universally important measure of biodiversity and has a mechanistic influence on ecological processes. It is however unclear whether changes in FD consistently occur prior to state responses or vice versa, with no current work on the temporal relationship between FD and state to support a transition towards trait-based indicators. There is consequently a knowledge gap regarding when functioning changes relative to biodiversity change and where FD change falls in that sequence. We therefore examine the lagged relationship between planktonic FD and abundance-based metrics of system state (e.g. biomass) across five highly monitored lake communities using both correlation and cutting edge non-linear empirical dynamic modelling approaches. Overall, phytoplankton and zooplankton FD display synchrony with lake state but each lake is idiosyncratic in the strength of relationship. It is therefore unlikely that changes in plankton FD are identifiable before changes in more easily collected abundance metrics. These results highlight the power of empirical dynamic modelling in disentangling time lagged relationships in complex multivariate ecosystems, but suggest that FD cannot be generically viable as an early indicator. Individual lakes therefore require consideration of their specific context and any interpretation of FD across systems requires caution. However, FD still retains value as an alternative state measure or a trait representation of biodiversity when considered at the system level.</p> <p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>The deposited dataset contains scripts used in functional diversity, cross correlation and convergent cross mapping analysis, the generation of figures and the custom functions underpinning the work. Raw plankton data is not provided but links to publicly available data portals and maintainer contact details are provided.</p>
The interaction of physical structure and nutrient loading drives ecosystem change in a large tropical lake over 40 years (DATA)
<p><strong><span>Datasets for manuscript entitled "The interaction of physical structure and nutrient loading drives ecosystem change in a large tropical lake over 40 years"</span></strong></p> <p><em><span>Includes data collected by Fadum and Hall as well as unplublished data from Vaux and Goldman 1984.</span></em></p> <p><span><strong>Abstract: </strong>Many lakes across the world are entering novel states and experiencing altered biogeochemical cycling due to local anthropogenic stressors. In the tropics, understanding the drivers of these changes can be difficult due to a lack of documented historic conditions or an absence of continuous monitoring that can distinguish between intra- and inter-annual variation. Over the last forty years (1980–2020), Lake Yojoa (Honduras) has experienced increased watershed development as well as the introduction of a large net-pen Tilapia farm, resulting in a dramatic reduction in seasonal water clarity, increased trophic state and altered nutrient dynamics, shifting Lake Yojoa from an oligotrophic (low productivity) to mesotrophic (moderate productivity) ecosystem. To assess the changes that have occurred in Lake Yojoa as well as putative drivers for those changes, we compared Secchi depth (water clarity), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations at continuous semi-monthly intervals for the three years between 1979 and 1983 and again at continuous 16-day intervals for 2018–2020. Between those two periods we observed the loss of a clear water phase that previously occurred in the months when the water column was fully mixed. Seasonal peaks in DIN coincident with mixing suggest that an enhanced accumulation of ammonium in the hypolimnion (the bottom layer of a stratified lake) during stratification, and release to the epilimnion (the top layer of a stratified lake) with mixing maintains high algal abundance and subsequently low Secchi depth during what was previously the clear water phase. This interaction of nutrient loading and Lake Yojoa's monomictic stratification regime illustrates a key phenomenon in how physical water column structure and nutrients interact in tropical monomictic lakes. This work highlights the need to consider nutrient dynamics of warm anoxic hypolimnions, not just surface water nutrient concentrations, to understand environmental change in these societally important but understudied ecosystems.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><em><strong><span>(for more recent years of data collection see additional zenodo repositories by Fadum and/or Hall) </span></strong></em></p>
Data from: A sedimentary eDNA record of the Atacama Trench reveals biodiversity changes in the most productive marine ecosystem
<p>The hadopelagic environment remains highly understudied due to the inherent difficulties in sampling at these depths. The use of sediment eDNA can overcome some of these restrictions as settled and preserved DNA represent an archive of the biological communities. We use sediment eDNA to assess changes in the community within one of the world's most productive open ocean ecosystems: the Atacama Trench. The ecosystems around the Atacama Trench have been intensively fished and are affected by climate oscillations, but the understanding of potential impacts on the marine community is limited. We sampled five sites using sediment cores at water depths from 2400 to ~8000m. The chronologies of the sedimentary record were determined using 210Pbex. Environmental DNA was extracted from core slices and metabarcoding was used to identify the eukaryote community using two separate primer pairs for different sections of the 18S rDNA gene (V9 and V7) effectively targeting pelagic taxa. The reconstructed communities were similar among markers and mainly composed of chordates and members of the Chromista kingdom. Alpha-diversity was estimated for all sites in intervals of 15 years (from 1842 to 2018), showing a severe drop in biodiversity from 1970 to 1985 that aligns with one of the strongest known El Niño events. We argue that the harsh adverse ENSO events potentially combined with extensive fishing efforts during this period of time resulted in a distinct reduction of marine biodiversity. Fish and cnidarian read abundance was examined separately to determine if fishing had a direct impact, but no direct relation was found. These results demonstrate that sediment eDNA can be a valuable emerging tool providing insight in historical perspectives on ecosystem developments. This study constitutes one of the first steps toward an improved understanding of the importance of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in affecting open and deep ocean communities.</p>
Figure 3 in Phytoplankton adaptation strategies under the influence of climatic changes and anthropogenic pressure on the Black Sea coastal ecosystems on the example Sevastopol Bay
Figure 3. Multiannual dynamics: a, d – concentrations of chlorophyll a (1), phytoplankton biomass (2) and water temperature (3), b, e – concentrations of nitrates (1), silicon (2), phosphates (3) and ammonium (4), c, f- diatoms contribution (1), dinoflagellates (2) and coccolithophorides (3) in the total phytoplankton biomass in Sevastopol Bay in summer and autumn.
Figure 2 in Phytoplankton adaptation strategies under the influence of climatic changes and anthropogenic pressure on the Black Sea coastal ecosystems on the example Sevastopol Bay
Figure 2. Multiannual dynamics: a, d – concentrations of chlorophyll a (1), phytoplankton biomass (2) and water temperature (3), b, e – concentrations of nitrates (1), silicon (2), phosphates (3) and ammonium (4), c, f- diatoms contribution (1), dinoflagellates (2) and coccolithophorides (3) in the total phytoplankton biomass in Sevastopol Bay in winter and spring
FIGURE 4 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 4 | Temporal decay of taxonomic and functional similarity (Bray Curtis, biomass-based) during the study period, calculated as the composition similarity of the Pre period against each Post period.
FIGURE 6 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 6 | Correlations between species richness and the intensity of ecosystem functions performed by fish populations. The significance of correlations was tested through Spearman's non-parametric correlation. Ecosystem functions: A. Energy Source; B. Habitat; C. Regional Flow (migration); D. Regional Flow (local); E. Plant Disperser; F. Engineering; G. Services.
FIGURE 5 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 5 | Correlations between species richness and (A) total biomass and (B) number of ecosystem functions performed by fish populations. The significance of correlations was tested through Spearman's non-parametric correlation.
FIGURE 3 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 3 | Ecosystem functions generated by fish populations associated with macrophyte beds in Rosana Reservoir, before (Pre) and after (Post 1 to 5) the introduction of Cichla kelberi. Mean ± standard error. Ecosystem functions: A. Energy Source; B. Habitat; C. Regional Flow (migration); D. Regional Flow (local); E. Plant Disperser; F. Engineering; G. Services.
FIGURE 1 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 1 | Species richness (A) and total biomass (B) in fish assemblages associated with macrophyte beds in Rosana Reservoir, before (Pre) and after (Post 1 to 5) the introduction of Cichla kelberi. Mean ± standard error.
FIGURE 2 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 2 | Biomass of the most abundant fish species associated with macrophyte beds in Rosana Reservoir, before (Pre) and after (Post 1 to 5) the introduction of Cichla kelberi. Mean ± standard error. A. Hemigrammus marginatus, Metynnis lippincottianus, Roeboides descalvadensis; B. Serrasalmus marginatus, Serrapinnus notomelas, Satanoperca pappaterra; C. Cichla kelberi, Eigenmannia trilineata, and Hyphessobrycon eques.
Data and analysis code for Repo et al., "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes"
<p>This repository contains analysis code and pre-processed data for the study "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes" by Repo et al.<br>Data processing and analysis mainly done by Aapo Jantunen, Katharina Albrich<br>Due to respository space limitations, the original model outputs are archived in the Finnish "Allas" data storage service. For access, contact katharina.albrich@luke.fi<br>The code used to process the raw data is included here for reproducibility.</p> <p>If you are interested in using iLand, visit https://iland-model.org/ and https://iland-model.org/iland-book/ for information on using the model and a guide to setting up a landscape.</p> <p><span>This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by funding project Future multifunctional forests and their disturbance risk in the changing climate (Foster) through the “Catch the Carbon” initiative (<span>project number VN/28654/2020)</span>. A.R. has been supported by the grant [TRACY Trade-offs and synergies in land-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation decision 322066 by the Academy of Finland.], J. H by the grant [CASCADE - Changing Disturbance Regimes and Forest Landscapes of Fennoscandia 342569 by the Academy of Finland]. </span></p> <p> </p>
Changes in salt marsh detritivore identity influences on ecosystem multifunctionality
<p>Ecosystems world-wide experience changes in species composition in response to natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions. Research to date has greatly improved our understanding of how species affect focal ecosystem functions. However, because measurements of multiple ecosystem functions have not been consistently justified for any given trophic group, it is unclear whether interpretations of research syntheses adequately reflect the contributions of consumers to ecosystems. Using model communities assembled in experimental microcosms, we examined the relationship between four numerically dominant detritivore species and six ecosystem functions that underpin fundamental aspects of carbon and nitrogen cycling above- and below-ground. We tested whether ecosystem responses to changes in detritivore identity depended upon species trait dissimilarity, food web compartment (aboveground, belowground, mixed), or number of responses considered (one to six). We found little influence of detritivore species identity on brown (i.e. soil-based) processes. Only one of four detritivore species uniquely influenced decomposition, and detritivore species did not vary in their influence on soil nitrogen pools (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), or root biomass. However, changes in detritivore identity influenced multiple aboveground ecosystem functions. That is, by serving as prey, ecosystem engineers, and occasionally also as herbivores as well as detritivores, these species altered the strength of aboveground predator-herbivore interactions and plant-shoot biomass. Yet, dissimilarity of detritivore functional traits was not associated with dissimilarity of ecosystem functioning. These results serve as an important reminder that consumers influence ecosystem processes via multiple energy channels and that food web interactions set important context for consumer-mediated effects on multiple ecosystem functions. Given that species are being lost, gained, and redistributed at unprecedented rates, we can anticipate that changes in species identity will have additional ecosystem consequences beyond those predicted by species' primary functional role.</p>
Dataset for "Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks"
<p>Data that support the findings of the study "Fire disturbance promotes biodiversity of plants, lichens and birds in the Siberian subarctic tundra".</p>
High trophic level feedbacks on global ocean carbon uptake and marine ecosystem dynamics under climate change (Dupont et al., GBC)
<p>Files used to make the analysis in the paper "High trophic level feedbacks on global ocean carbon uptake and marine ecosystem dynamics under climate change" (Dupont et al., accepted in GBC)</p> <p>- HTL_LTL_figures.ipynb is the python notebook in which are computed the different terms to make the figures of the paper </p> <p>- histrcp85.1-PISAPE-N-OW** and piCtrl2-PISAPE-N-OW** files contain the raw outputs of the one way (OW) simulation</p> <p>- histrcp85.1-PISAPE-N-TW* and piCtrl2-PISAPE-N-TW* files contain the raw outputs of the two way (TW) simulation</p> <p>- all files ending with *rmp_f.nc/ *regrid.nc/ *f20.nc are regridded files to make maps used in the paper. More details can be found in the python noteboook (briefly, dAT_* = change in active export, dDIC_*= change in dissolved inorganic carbon, dEPC200_* = change in carbon export at 200m depth, OW/TW_<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc2ae8cc-a150-4bc6-9125-04d9e3465859/TW_dBMapermp_f.nc">dBMape</a>* = OW/TW change in small high trophic levels biomass, OW/<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc2ae8cc-a150-4bc6-9125-04d9e3465859/TW_dBMapermp_f.nc">TW_dBM</a>meszo* = OW/TW change in mesozooplankton biomass)</p> <p>- <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc2ae8cc-a150-4bc6-9125-04d9e3465859/egestt2_2.nc">egestt2_2.nc</a>, excrett2_2.nc and graztt2_2.nc are the outputs of egestion, excretion and grazing terms used to compute the active export (AT). </p>
Data from: Biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships change in sign and magnitude across the Hill diversity spectrum
<p>Motivated by accelerating anthropogenic extinctions, decades of biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) experiments show that ecosystem function declines with species loss from local communities. Yet, at the local scale, changes in species' total and relative abundances are more common than species loss. The consensus best biodiversity measures are Hill numbers, which use a scaling parameter, ℓ, to emphasize rarer versus more common species. Shifting that emphasis captures distinct, function-relevant biodiversity gradients beyond species richness. Here, we hypothesized that Hill numbers that emphasize rare species more than richness does may distinguish large, complex and presumably higher functioning assemblages from smaller and simpler ones. In this study, we tested which values of ℓ produce the strongest BEF relationships in community datasets of ecosystem functions provided by wild, free-living organisms. We found that ℓ values that emphasized rare species more than richness does most often correlated most strongly with ecosystem functions. As emphasis shifted to more common species, BEF correlations were often weak and/or negative. We argue that unconventional Hill diversities that shift emphasis towards rarer species may be useful for describing biodiversity change, and that employing a wide spectrum of Hill numbers can clarify mechanisms underlying BEF relationships</p> <p>This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions’.</p>
Data from: A sedimentary eDNA record of the Atacama Trench reveals biodiversity changes in the most productive marine ecosystem
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Body size and early marine conditions drive changes in Chinook salmon productivity across northern latitude ecosystems
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Changes in salt marsh detritivore identity influences on ecosystem multifunctionality
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Data for: Climate change is poised to alter mountain stream ecosystem processes via organismal phenological shifts
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