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69 results for “ecosystem service assessment”
Figure 5. Development pathways since 1970 in Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services - unedited advance version
Figure 5. Development pathways since 1970 for selected key indicators of human-environment interactions, which show a large increase in the scale of global economic growth and its impacts on nature, with strong contrasts across developed, developing, and least developed countries. Countries are classified according to the UN World Economic Situation and Prospects (www.un.org). Global gross domestic product has risen 4-fold in real terms with the vast majority of growth occurring in developed and developing countries (A). Extraction of living biomass (e.g. crops, fisheries) to meet the demand for domestic consumption and for export is highest in developing countries and rising rapidly (B). Material consumption per capita within each country (from imports and domestic production), however, is highest in developed countries (C). Overall protection of Key Biodiversity
Figure 4 in Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services - unedited advance version
Figure 4. Contributions of indigenous peoples and local communities to the enhancement and maintenance of wild and domesticated biodiversity and landscapes. Indigenous and local knowledge systems are locally based, but regionally manifested and thus globally relevant. A wide diversity of practices actively and positively contribute to wild and domestic biodiversity through "accompanying" natural processes with anthropogenic assets (knowledge, practices and technology). Indigenous peoples often manage the land and coastal areas based on culturally specific world views, applying principles and indicators such as the health of the land, caring for the country and reciprocal responsibility. As lifestyles, values and external pressures change with globalization, however, unsustainable practices are becoming increasingly common in certain regions 9. The central figure shows the global-scale overlaps of 1) land areas traditionally owned, managed10, used, or occupied by indigenous peoples, 2) formally designated protected areas and 3) remaining terrestrial areas with very low human intervention (areas with <4 Human Footprint Index 11). Circles and intersections are proportional in area. Land areas traditionally owned, managed10, used, or occupied by indigenous peoples overlap with approx. 35 per cent of the area that is formally protected, and approximately 35 per cent of all remaining terrestrial areas with very low human intervention. Topics and pictures in the figure aim to illustrate, not represent, the types and diversity of the following contributions of indigenous peoples and local communities to biodiversity: (a) domestication and maintenance of locally adapted crop and fruit varieties (potatoes, Peru) and (b) animal breeds (rider and sheep, Kyrgyzstan) {2.2.4.4}; (c) creation of species-rich habitats and high ecosystem diversity in cultural landscapes (hay meadows, Central Europe) {2.2.4.1-2}; (d) identification of useful plants and their cultivation in high-diversity ecosystems (multi-species forest garden, Indonesia) {2.2.4.3}; (e)-(f) management and monitoring of wild species, habitats and landscapes for wildlife and for increased resilience (e) - Australia, (f) - Alaska) {2.2.4.5-6}; (g) restoration of degraded lands (Niger) {3.2.4}; (h) buffers for deforestation in recognized indigenous territories (Amazon basin, Brazil) {2.2.4.7}; (i) offering alternative concepts of relations between humanity and nature (Northern Australia).
Figure 3. A in Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services - unedited advance version
Figure 3. A substantial proportion of assessed species are threatened with extinction and overall trends are deteriorating, with extinction rates increasing sharply in the past century. (A) Percentage of species threatened with extinction in taxonomic groups that have been assessed comprehensively, or through a 'sampled' approach, or for which selected subsets have been assessed, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Groups are ordered according to the best estimate for the percentage of extant species considered threatened (shown by the vertical blue lines), assuming that data deficient species are as threatened as non-data deficient species. (B) Extinctions since 1500 for vertebrate groups. Rates for Reptiles and Fishes have not been assessed for all species. (C) Red List Index of species survival for taxonomic groups that have been assessed for the IUCN Red List at least twice. A value of 1 is equivalent to all species being categorized as Least Concern; a value of zero is equivalent to all species being classified as Extinct. Data for all panels derive from www.iucnredlist.org (see Chapter 3 Figure 3.4 and Chapter 2 Figure 2.7).
Figure 1 in Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services - unedited advance version
Figure 1. Global trends in the capacity of nature to sustain contributions to good quality of life from 1970 to the present, which show a decline for 14 of the 18 categories of nature's contributions to people analysed. Data supporting global trends and regional variations come from a systematic review of over 2,000 studies {2.3.5.1}. Indicators were selected on the basis of availability of global data, prior use in assessments and alignment with 18 categories. For many categories of nature's contributions, two indicators are included that show different aspects of nature's capacity to contribute to human well-being within that category. Indicators are defined so that an increase in the indicator is associated with an improvement in nature's contributions.
Figure 8 in Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services - unedited advance version
Figure 8. Projections of impacts of land use and climate change on biodiversity and nature's material and regulating contributions to people between 2015 and 2050. This figure illustrates three main messages: i) impacts on biodiversity and regulating nature's contributions to people (NCP) are the lowest in the Global Sustainability scenario in nearly all sub-regions, ii) regional differences in impacts are high in the regional competition and economic optimism scenario and iii) material NCP increase the most in the regional competition and economic optimism scenarios, but this comes at the expense of biodiversity and regulating NCP. Projected impacts are based on a subset of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories (RCP) developed in support of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments. This does not cover scenarios that include transformative change that are discussed in chapter 5.
Data from: Advancing model-based ecosystem services assessments for policy support.
<p><span>Urban nature is increasingly recognized for its potential to address various societal challenges through the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). However, large-scale and comparative assessments quantifying this potential are hardly available. In this study, we modelled<span> </span>five ES (local temperature regulation, flood protection, global climate regulation, habitat protection, and interaction with nature) across 708 European urban areas. We quantified the ES based on a consistent supply-demand approach, using indicators representing the extent to which urban ecosystems’ capacity to provide a service was sufficient to meet societal demands. <span>We quantify each ES indicator using spatially explicit assessment methods, </span>building upon existing ES modelling tools (the urban InVEST model and GLOBIO-ES model) and publicly accessible data (e.g. Urban Atlas Land Use Land Cover from the European Urban Atlas dataset. </span></p>
Data from: Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a UK wetland
Restoration of degraded land is recognized by the international community as an important way of enhancing both biodiversity and ecosystem services, but more information is needed about its costs and benefits. In Cambridgeshire, U.K., a long-term initiative to convert drained, intensively farmed arable land to a wetland habitat mosaic is driven by a desire both to prevent biodiversity loss from the nationally important Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve (Wicken Fen NNR) and to increase the provision of ecosystem services. We evaluated the changes in ecosystem service delivery resulting from this land conversion, using a new Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to estimate biophysical and monetary values of ecosystem services provided by the restored wetland mosaic compared with the former arable land. Overall results suggest that restoration is associated with a net gain to society as a whole of $199 ha−1y−1, for a one-off investment in restoration of $2320 ha−1. Restoration has led to an estimated loss of arable production of $2040 ha−1y−1, but estimated gains of $671 ha−1y−1 in nature-based recreation, $120 ha−1y−1 from grazing, $48 ha−1y−1 from flood protection, and a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worth an estimated $72 ha−1y−1. Management costs have also declined by an estimated $1325 ha−1y−1. Despite uncertainties associated with all measured values and the conservative assumptions used, we conclude that there was a substantial gain to society as a whole from this land-use conversion. The beneficiaries also changed from local arable farmers under arable production to graziers, countryside users from towns and villages, and the global community, under restoration. We emphasize that the values reported here are not necessarily transferable to other sites.
Ecosystem services as the silver bullet? A systematic review of how ecosystem services assessments impact biodiversity prioritisation in policy - Annex 1
<p>This document is the Annex 1 of the journal article, Ecosystem services as the silver bullet? A systematic review of how ecosystem services assessments impact biodiversity prioritisation in policy published in Earth System Governance Special Issue. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2023.100178">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2023.100178</a></p> <p>Citation: Zolyomi, A., Franklin, A., Smith, B., & Soliev, I. (2023). Ecosystem services as the silver bullet? A systematic review of how ecosystem services assessments impact biodiversity prioritisation in policy. <em>Earth System Governance</em>, <em>16</em>, 100178.</p>
Data from: Assessing bundles of ecosystem services from regional to landscape scale: insights from the French Alps
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Data from: Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a UK wetland
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Data from: Quantifying urban ecosystem services based on high-resolution data of urban green space: an assessment for Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Harnessing Artificial Intelligence technology and social media data to support Cultural Ecosystem Service assessments
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Supplementary material 1 from: Vogiatzakis IN, Zotos S, Litskas VD, Manolaki P, Sarris D, Stavrinides MC (2020) Towards implementing Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services in Cyprus: A first set of indicators for ecosystem management. One Ecosystem 5: e47715. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e47715
Suplementary file
Supplementary material 3 from: Vrebos D, Staes J, Broekx S, de Nocker L, Gabriels K, Hermy M, Liekens I, Marsboom C, Ottoy S, Van Der Biest K, van Orshoven J, Meire P (2020) Facilitating spatially-explicit assessments of ecosystem service delivery to support land use planning. One Ecosystem 5: e50540. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e50540
Calculation methods of the ecosystem services
Supplementary material 1 from: Vrebos D, Staes J, Broekx S, de Nocker L, Gabriels K, Hermy M, Liekens I, Marsboom C, Ottoy S, Van Der Biest K, van Orshoven J, Meire P (2020) Facilitating spatially-explicit assessments of ecosystem service delivery to support land use planning. One Ecosystem 5: e50540. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e50540
Land cover and land use classifications
Supplementary material 2 from: Vrebos D, Staes J, Broekx S, de Nocker L, Gabriels K, Hermy M, Liekens I, Marsboom C, Ottoy S, Van Der Biest K, van Orshoven J, Meire P (2020) Facilitating spatially-explicit assessments of ecosystem service delivery to support land use planning. One Ecosystem 5: e50540. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e50540
Overview ES specific datasets.
Supplementary material 1 from: Geneletti D, Adem Esmail B, Cortinovis C, Arany I, Balzan M, van Beukering P, Bicking S, Borges PA, Borisova B, Broekx S, Burkhard B, Gil A, Inghe O, Kopperoinen L, Kruse M, Liekens I, Lowicki D, Mizgajski A, Mulder S, Nedkov S, Ostergard H, Picanço A, Ruskule A, Santos-Martín F, Sieber IM, Svensson J, Vačkářů D, Veidemane K (2020) Ecosystem services mapping and assessment for policy- and decision-making: Lessons learned from a comparative analysis of European case studies. One Ecosystem 5: e53111. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e53111
An overview of the assessment of ecosystem condition in the selected case studies.
Supplementary material 3 from: Mederly P, Černecký J, Špulerová J, Izakovičová Z, Ďuricová V, Považan R, Švajda J, Močko M, Jančovič M, Gusejnov S, Hreško J, Petrovič F, Štefunková D, Šatalová B, Vrbičanová G, Kaisová D, Turanovičová M, Kováč T, Laco I (2020) National ecosystem services assessment in Slovakia – meeting old liabilities and introducing new methods. One Ecosystem 5: e53677. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e53677
Individual ES graphical outputs
Supplementary material 1 from: Mederly P, Černecký J, Špulerová J, Izakovičová Z, Ďuricová V, Považan R, Švajda J, Močko M, Jančovič M, Gusejnov S, Hreško J, Petrovič F, Štefunková D, Šatalová B, Vrbičanová G, Kaisová D, Turanovičová M, Kováč T, Laco I (2020) National ecosystem services assessment in Slovakia – meeting old liabilities and introducing new methods. One Ecosystem 5: e53677. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e53677
Specification of data used and legend of all used spatial layers
Supplementary material 2 from: Mederly P, Černecký J, Špulerová J, Izakovičová Z, Ďuricová V, Považan R, Švajda J, Močko M, Jančovič M, Gusejnov S, Hreško J, Petrovič F, Štefunková D, Šatalová B, Vrbičanová G, Kaisová D, Turanovičová M, Kováč T, Laco I (2020) National ecosystem services assessment in Slovakia – meeting old liabilities and introducing new methods. One Ecosystem 5: e53677. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e53677
Computational algorithms for 18 ES
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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