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79 results for “edge effects”
Neighboring edges: interacting edge effects of linear disturbances on vegetation in treed fens
<p>The influence of edges on forest biodiversity is an important environmental effect associated with habitat fragmentation, as edge effects can further reduce the remaining 'interior' habitat. However, extrapolating the influence of edges across the broader landscape has been difficult, especially regarding how to treat multiple edges in close proximity, where edge effects might interact. In this study, we examined the interaction of edge effects for multiple edges from a dense network of narrow (3-8 m wide) and low-severity linear disturbances called 'seismic lines'. Seismic lines are created during oil and gas exploration and are responsible for severe dissection of boreal forests in western Canada. Specifically, our objectives were to: (1) to compare the edge influence of "wide" (~8 m) and "narrow" (~3 m) seismic lines; and (2) to determine whether edges in close proximity show interaction of edge influences, i.e. do multiple narrow seismic lines have a stronger or weaker edge influence than a single narrow seismic line. We sampled vegetation along transects perpendicular to seismic lines in treed moderate-rich and poor fens. We used randomization tests of edge influence to calculate the magnitude and distance of edge effects. In moderate-rich fens, we found a positive edge influence on understory diversity from both wide and narrow seismic lines. We also found a weakening edge interaction on diversity, i.e., single narrow seismic lines had a stronger edge influence on diversity than multiple narrow seismic lines. In treed poor fens, multiple narrow seismic lines had a negative edge effect on tree density, understory abundance, richness, and composition. In addition, we found strengthening edge interactions in treed poor fens on tree density, graminoid cover, and understory composition. Our results show how assessing the edge influence of multiple disturbances can provide a better understanding of the cumulative effects of habitat fragmentation.</p>
Data: Interactive effects of drought and edge exposure on old-growth forest understory species
<p><span>Context: Both climatic extremes and land-use change constitute severe threats to biodiversity, but their interactive effects remain poorly understood. In forest ecosystems, the effects of climatic extremes can be exacerbated at forest edges. </span></p> <p><span>Objectives: We explore the hypothesis that an extreme summer drought reduced the richness and coverage of old-growth forest species, particularly in forest patches with high edge exposure. </span></p> <p><span>Methods: Using a high-resolution spatially explicit precipitation dataset, we could detect variability in drought intensity during the summer drought of 2018. We selected 60 old-growth boreal forest patches in central Sweden that differed in their level of drought intensity and amount of edge exposure. The year after the drought, we surveyed red-listed and old-growth forest indicator species of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes. We assessed if species richness, composition, and coverage were related to drought intensity, edge exposure, and their interaction.</span></p> <p><span>Results: Species richness was negatively related to drought intensity in forest patches with a high edge exposure, but not in patches with less edge exposure. Patterns differed among organism groups and were strongest for cyanolichens, epiphytes associated with high-pH bark, and species occurring on convex substrates such as trees and logs.</span></p> <p><span>Conclusions: Our results show that the effects of an extreme climatic event on forest species can vary strongly across a landscape. Edge exposed old-growth forest patches are more at risk under extreme climatic events than those in continuous forests. This suggest that maintaining buffer zones around forest patches with high conservation values should be an important conservation measure. </span></p>
Data from: Weak edge effects on trees in Bornean rainforest remnants bordering oil palm
<p>Many tropical forests are dominated by edge habitat, with consequences for forest structure, carbon stocks and biodiversity. However, edge effects are highly variable and context-dependent, and are poorly quantified in oil palm landscapes. We studied edge effects in 10 lowland rainforest remnants bordering mature oil palm plantations on Borneo, by surveying 0.2 ha plots along transects running perpendicular to the forest edge (ten 1.6 km transects, 5-6 plots per transect; 57 plots in total). We examined how edge proximity affected plot-level forest structure (canopy cover, number and size of stems ⩾10 cm diameter), aboveground carbon stocks, microclimate (air temperature and light intensity), and tree community composition and richness. The largest trees were significantly smaller (up to 21% reduced diameter) in plots near edges, and plot-level carbon was up to 30% lower (model-fitted average = 64.7 Mg ha−1 at 50m from the edge, versus 92.3 Mg ha−1 at 1600 m), with the strongest effects within 300m of edges. However, these significant effects of edge proximity were relatively small in the context of existing variation, with distance-from-edge explaining <13% of the total variability in maximum tree size or carbon. Additionally, there were generally no effects of edge proximity on any other component of forest structure, composition or diversity, and only a weak effect on microclimate. We conclude that limited edge effects in this system may reflect low structural contrast between forest and mature oil palm, and limited invasion of pioneer trees from plantations, which diminished edge influence in highly heterogeneous forest remnants.</p>
Edge effects on decomposition in Sphagnum bogs
<p>Dataset from Peatland decomposition study of edge effects (laggs). Data collected in 2021. Tea Bag Index decomposition and plant composition in Swedish peatlands.</p>
Data from: Widespread bird species show idiosyncratic responses in residual body mass to selective logging and edge effects in the Colombian Western Andes
<p>This dataset consists of banding data (N = 1589 captures, 129 bird species), including morphological and breeding biology measures, collected from understory birds in subtropical cloudforest at roughly 2000 m.a.s.l. in the municipality of El Cairo in Colombia's Western Andes (Serrania de los Paraguas range). Roughly 8,350 net hours were divided into two three-month field seasons (June-August 2017 and January-March 2018), both corresponding to local dry seasons. Birds were banded along 500-meter transects in forest interior across a gradient of forest fragment patch sizes (N = 8 fragments, area range = 10-173 ha) and a private ~750 ha reserve (Reserva Natural Cerro El Ingles) in the same landscape. Each non-hummingbird capture was fitted with an aluminum leg band with a unique combination, and we collected data on mass, tarsus length, wing chord, pectoral muscle score, cloacal protuberance and brood patch score, and age and sex (where possible due to plumage differences). We captured 101 species (including 6 boreal migrants) in 844 captures (53%) during the January-March sampling period and 102 species in 745 captures during the June-August sampling period; each site was sampled during both sampling periods. The most captured bird families were Trochilidae (24 spp., 36% of total captures), Thraupidae (17 spp.), Tyrannidae (16 spp.), Furnariidae (14 spp.), and Turdidae (6 spp.).</p> <p>A subset of these data (uploaded as a separate file) were used to calculate body condition indices for 20 species of commonly captured birds (N = 984 captures) that occured across much of the patch size gradient (at least 8 out of 14 transects), and were related to fragment area and measures of edge and selective logging effects (see Jones et al. 2022). In this file, we include all predictor variables necessary to run the generalized linear mixed models in Jones et al. (2022), including proportion forest cover within 1 km (a proxy for patch size), edge density, average distance to forest edge from the netting transect, average canopy cover and height along the transect, multivariate measures of understory plant density, large-diameter tree density, and vertical vegetation structure, elevation of each transect, and average yearly rainfall for each transect.</p>
Size, connectivity and edge effects of stream habitats explain spatiotemporal variation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) density
<p>Ecological theory postulates that size and isolation of habitat patches impact the colonization/extinction dynamics that determine community species richness and population persistence. Given the key role of lotic habitats for life history completion in rheophilic fish, evaluating how the distribution of swift-flowing habitats affects the abundance and dynamics of subpopulations is essential. Using extensive electrofishing data, we show that merging island biogeography with meta-population theory, where lotic habitats are considered as islands in a lentic matrix, can explain spatiotemporal variation in occurrence and density of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Subpopulations in larger and less isolated habitat patches had higher average densities and smaller between-year density fluctuations. Larger habitat patches also had lower predicted risk of excessive zero catches, indicative of lower extinction risk. Trout density further increased with distance from the edge of adjacent lentic habitats with predator (Esox lucius) presence, suggesting that edge- and matrix-related mortality contributes to the observed patterns. These results can help reduce the negative impacts that habitat loss and fragmentation have on biodiversity, by stressing the importance of suitable habitat size and connectivity, and aid in prioritization of habitat restoration, dam removal and reintroduction programs aimed at vitalizing declining and locally extinct riverine fish populations.</p>
Drivers of strong isolation and small effective population size at a leading range edge of a widespread plant
<p>Climate change has influenced species distributions worldwide with upward elevational shifts observed in many systems. Leading range edge populations, like those at upper elevation limits, are crucial for climate change responses but can exhibit low genetic diversity due to founder effects, isolation, or limited outbreeding. These factors can hamper local adaptation at range limits. Using the widespread herb, <em>Argentina</em> <em>anserina</em>, we measured ecological attributes (population density on the landscape, area of population occupancy, and plant and flower density) spanning a 1000m elevation gradient, with high elevation populations at the range limit. We measured vegetative clonal potential in the greenhouse for populations spanning the gradient. We combined these data with a ddRAD-seq dataset to test the hypotheses that high-elevation populations would exhibit ecological and genomic signatures of leading range edge populations. We found that population density on the landscape declined towards the high elevation limit, as is expected towards range edges. However, plant density was elevated within edge populations. In the greenhouse, high-elevation plants exhibited stronger clonal potential than low-elevation plants, likely explaining increased plant density in the field. Phylogeographic analysis supported more recent colonization of high-elevation populations which were also more genetically isolated, had more extreme heterozygote excess, and had smaller effective population size than low. Results support that colonization of high elevations was likely accompanied by increased asexuality, contributing to a decline in effective population size. Despite high plant density in leading-edge populations, their small effective size, isolation, and clonality could constrain adaptive potential.</p>
Forest edge effects on moss growth are amplified by drought
<p>Forest fragmentation increases the amount of edges in the landscape. Differences in wind, radiation and vegetation structure create edge-to-interior gradients in forest microclimate, and these gradients are likely to be more pronounced during droughts and heatwaves. Although the effects of climate extremes on edge influences have potentially strong and long-lasting impacts on forest understory biodiversity, they are not well understood and are not often considered in management and landscape planning.</p> <p>Here we used a novel method of retrospectively quantifying growth to assess biologically relevant edge influences likely caused by microclimate using <em>Hylocomium</em> <em>splendens</em>, a moss with annual segments. We examined how spatio-temporal variation in drought across three years and 46 sites in central Sweden, affected the depth and magnitude of edge influences. We also investigated whether edge effects during drought are influenced by differences in forest structure.</p> <p>Edge effects were almost twice as strong in the drought year as in the non-drought years, but we did not find clear evidence that they penetrated deeper into the forest in the drought year. Edge influences were also greater in areas that had fewer days with rain during the drought year. Higher levels of forest canopy cover and tree height buffered the magnitude of edge influence in times of drought.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that edge effects are amplified by drought, suggesting that fragmentation effects are aggravated when droughts become more frequent and severe. Our results suggest that dense edges and buffer zones with high canopy cover can be important ways to mitigate negative drought impacts in forest edges.</p>
Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate
<p>Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_trees.csv" contains individual tree indentification data for the 46 plots used in the study.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_aggregated.csv" contains plot-level aggregated metrics used for the analyses:</p> <p>- distance to the forest edge</p> <p>- diversity indices : the 20-sp rarefied species richness "rar_sp_richness_20" and the 20-sp rarefied Beta diversity "Beta_div" which corresponds to the plos coordinates on the PCoA first axis.</p> <p>- functional indices: the community weighted mean trait values for the four traits used in this study : ,"WD","SLA","LA","LDMC"; the fonctional divergence index "FD_trans.FDiv"; and the synthetic community weigthed mean trait wich corresponds to the postion on plots on the principal component analysis of species trait values "Functional_composition_trans". Note that the SLA and LA values were log-transformed before computing "FD_trans.FDiv" and "Functional_composition_trans".</p> <p>- UAV-LiDAR-dervived metrics: canopy height, gap fraction ("gap_fraction2"), slope, curvature</p> <p>- The estimated plot above graound biomass "agb_plot", and the mean value of the vapor pressure deficit during the drisest month "max_monthly_VPD".</p> <p>- coordinates of the plots in UTM 58S (Coordinate reference system)</p> <p>Please read the material and method section of the article for more informations on this dataset.</p>
Data from: Cascading effects of climate variability on the breeding success of an edge population of an apex predator
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Forest edge effects on moss growth are amplified by drought
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Edge effects and pitfall trap design influence spider diversity and assemblages in canola agroecosystems on the Canadian Prairies
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Drivers of strong isolation and small effective population size at a leading range edge of a widespread plant
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Connectivity and edge effects increase bee colonization in an experimentally fragmented landscape
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Size, connectivity and edge effects of stream habitats explain spatiotemporal variation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) density
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Data from: Widespread bird species show idiosyncratic responses in residual body mass to selective logging and edge effects in the Colombian Western Andes
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Edge effects reduce persistence but not colonization in a declining <em>Setophaga virens</em> (Black-throated Green Warbler) population in Alberta's boreal forest
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Data from: Edge effects and mating patterns in a bumblebee-pollinated plant
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Data from: Weak edge effects on trees in Bornean rainforest remnants bordering oil palm
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Data: Interactive effects of drought and edge exposure on old-growth forest understory species
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.