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38,743 results for “efficacy”
Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mitochondria Transplantation as a Cell-Free Therapy for Osteoarthritis
<p><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Objective</span></strong></p> <p><span>The inflammatory responses from synovial fibroblasts and macrophages</span><span> and the mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes<span> leading to oxidative stress, disrupt extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis</span> and accelerate the deterioration process of articular cartilage<span> in osteoarthritis (OA).<span> </span>In the last years, it has been proposed that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) transfer their functional mitochondria to damaged cells in response to cellular stress, becoming one of the mechanisms underpinning their therapeutic effects. </span>Therefore, we hypothesize that a novel cell-free treatment for OA could involve direct mitochondria transplantation, leading to the restoration of both cellular and mitochondrial homeostasis.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong></p> <p><span>Mitochondria<span> were isolated from Umbilical Cord (UC)-MSC (Mito-MSC) and characterized based on their morphology, phenotype, functions, and their ability to be </span>internalized by <span>different articular cells. Furthermore, </span>the transcriptional changes following mitochondrial uptake by chondrocytes were evaluated using an Affymetrix analysis, Lastly, <span>the dose dependance therapeutic efficacy, biodistribution and immunogenicity of Mito-MSC w</span>ere assessed<span> in vivo, </span>through an intra-articular injection <span>in male C57BL6 mice in a </span>collagenase-induced OA <span>(CIOA) </span>model.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong></p> <p><span>Our findings demonstrate the functional integrity of Mito-MSC and their ability to be efficiently <span>transferred into chondrocytes, synovial macrophages, and synovial fibroblasts. </span>Moreover, the transcriptomic analysis showed the upregulation of genes involved in stress such as DNA reparative machinery and<span> inflammatory antiviral responses</span>.<span> </span>Finally, <span>Mito-MSC transplantation </span>yielded significant reductions<span> in joint mineralization, </span>a hallmark of OA progression<span>, </span>as well as improvements in OA-related histological signs, with the lower dose exhibiting better therapeutic efficacy. <span><span> </span></span>Furthermore, Mito-MSC were detected within the knee joint for up to 24 hours post-injection without eliciting an inflammatory response in CIOA mice. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion</span></strong></p> <p><span><span> </span>Collectively, our results reveal that mitochondria derived from MSC are transferred to key articular cells and are retained in the joint without generating an inflammatory immune response mitigating articular cartilage degradation in OA, probably through a restorative effect trigger by the stress antiviral response within OA chondrocytes.</span></p>
Managing multiple threats: Evaluating the efficacy of broad-scale introduced predator management in improving native mammal resilience to fire
<p>Preventing further biodiversity loss requires understanding which processes threaten biodiversity and the effectiveness of management actions in mitigating them. Threatening processes can interact in complex and unexpected ways, but different threats are often managed independently. Here, we develop a conceptual model to identify the conditions needed for management of a single threat to achieve a net conservation benefit in systems with multiple interacting threats, and demonstrate its relevance in a replicated case-study experiment. In Australia, introduced red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) and feral cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) may hunt vulnerable native mammals more effectively after fire, due to loss of understory vegetation. However, the efficacy of broad-scale control of introduced predators in improving native mammal resilience to fire has not been quantified. Moreover, many studies assessing the impacts of prescribed fire on species rely on a much smaller number of independent replicates. Using a natural before-after control-impact experiment with 14 prescribed fires, each > 200 ha, we tested whether existing landscape-scale fox baiting programs influenced the immediate effects of prescribed fire on these two introduced predators and five medium-sized native mammals, including the threatened long-nosed potoroo (<em>Potorous tridactylus</em>) and southern brown bandicoot (<em>Isoodon obesulus</em>). Fox occupancy increased across both treatments post-fire, but baiting reduced the magnitude of increase. In contrast, mean feral cat occupancy remained constant in unbaited areas post-fire, but nearly doubled in fox-controlled areas, possibly due to a mesopredator release. Existing landscape-scale fox control programs did not clearly improve the short-term resilience of native mammals to prescribed fire (at least under the current fire and fox management regimes in our study landscapes). These results likely emphasise the need to integrate fire and predator management strategies for threatened faunal conservation iIn the presence of acute disturbances such as fire, threatened native mammals may require more intensive and integrated management of fire and introduced predators, such as (e.g., through more intensive targeted predator controlbaiting around fire events, or intensive protection usingthrough natural or artificial refuges).</p>
Dataset for "Evaluation of Publicly Available Information on Sex-related Differences in the Efficacy and Safety of New Molecular Entities and Therapeutic Biological Products"
<p>Contains our extraction sheets with additional documents/notes on methods used in our study.</p>
The efficacy of wildlife fences for keeping reindeer outside a chronic wasting disease risk area
<p>Data to</p> <p>"The efficacy of wildlife fences for keeping reindeer outside a chronic wasting disease risk area"</p> <p>accepted in Ecological Solutions and Evidence</p>
Supplementary Materials of Bacillus subtilis Protects the Ducks from Oxidative Stress Induced by Escherichia coli: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
<p>Figure S1: The KEGG classification of DEGs; Table S1: Analysis composition of basal diets and nutrient level (air-dry basis, %); Table S2: Primers used for the RT-qPCR in this study.</p>
Genetic diversity and efficacy of natural selection in spiders with pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism
<p>Factors that increase reproductive variance among individuals act to reduce effective population size (Ne), which accelerates loss of genetic diversity and decreases efficacy of purifying selection. These factors include sexual cannibalism, offspring investment, and mating system. Pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism where the female consumes the male prior to mating exacerbates this effect. We performed comparative transcriptomics in two spider species, the cannibalistic Trechaleoides biocellata and the non-cannibalistic T. keyserlingi, to generate genomic evidence to support these predictions. First, we estimated heterozygosity and found that genetic diversity is relatively lower in the cannibalistic species. Second, we calculated dN/dS ratios as a measure of purifying selection, higher dN/dS ratio indicated relaxed purifying selection in the cannibalistic species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sexual cannibalism impacts operational sex ratio and demographic processes, which interact with evolutionary forces to shape the genetic structure of populations. However, other factors such as the mating system and life-history traits contribute to shape Ne. Comparative analyses across multiple contrasting species-pairs would be required to disentangle these effects. Our study highlights that extreme behaviours such as pre-copulatory cannibalism may have profound eco-evolutionary effects. </p>
Fig. 3 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
Fig. 3 Seasonal variation of sibling species (An. coluzzii and An. gambiae) in the study area. Abbreviations: DS, dry season; RS, rainy season
Fig. 2 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
Fig. 2 Mortality rate of Anopheles gambiae Kisumu (laboratory susceptible strain) after 30 min exposure to cement and mud walls treated with pirimiphos-methyl in 2017 (a) and 2018 (b). The red line indicates the WHO efficacy threshold (mortality of 80%) of an insecticide
Efficacy of Transformational Breath® for anxiety management in professional voice users
<p>Raw data for publication of original research entitled "<span>Efficacy of Transformational Breath<sup>®</sup> for anxiety management in professional voice users".</span></p> <p><span>Randomised controlled trial</span></p> <p><span>Quantitative and qualitative data sets relating to responses of treatment and control groups.</span></p>
Figure 6 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 6. Localization of EtCHP18905 in infected DF-1 cells by indirect immunofluorescence. Parasites incubated with anti-rEtCHP18905, stained with FITC (green)-conjugated secondary antibodies, and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Infected DF-1 cells were collected at indicated time points post-infection. (A) Sporozoites (Spz) in PBS, pRB, posterior refractile body; (B) Spz in complete medium. Infected DF-1 cells were collected at the indicated time points post-infection (pi); (C) 2 hours pi (hpi); (D) immature schizonts (iSC) 48 hpi; (E) mature schizonts (mSC) 72 hpi; (F) merozoites (Mrz) in PBS.
Figure 3 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 3. Expression and purification of rEtCHP18905. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of the 5rEtCHP18905. Lanes 1, protein marker; 2, negative control (not induced with IPTG); 3, the rEtCHP18905 protein with the GST-tag protein of the vector (induced with IPTG for 6 h). (B) Western blot analysis of purified rEtCHP18905 protein. Lane 2, protein recognized by an anti GST-Tag monoclonal antibody. (C) Western blot analysis of purified rEtCHP18905 protein. Lane 2, protein recognized by rabbit sera against sporozoite, lane 4 incubated with naïve rabbit serum.
Figure 2 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 2. Bioinformatic analysis of EtCHP18905. The stop codon is indicated with an asterisk. N-myristoylation sites are double underlined. The transmembrane domain is shaded yellow with black lettering. N-glycosylation sites are surrounded by a black box. cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites are shaded black with white lettering. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site is shaded grey with black lettering. Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites are indicated with red lettering. Protein kinase C phosphorylation sites are underlined by a wavy line.
Figure 1 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 1. Multiple alignment analysis of EtCHP18905 with other Eimeria proteins. DNAMAN was used to analyze the deduced protein sequences. The identical amino acids are listed at the bottom. NCBI reference sequence accession numbers: Eimeria tenella, XP_013231819, Eimeria necatrix, XP_013438465, Eimeria mitis, XP_013355934, Eimeria maxima, XP_013336337, Eimeria acervulina, XP_013251133; GenBank accession numbers: Eimeria praecox, CDI76926, Eimeria brunetti, CDJ52365.
Figure 7 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 7. Inhibition of sporozoite invasion in vitro by antirEtCHP18905. Anti-rEtCHP18905, rabbit anti-rEtCHP18905 IgG; NA, naïve rabbit sera IgG; GST control, rabbit anti-GST IgG. The symbol "*" represents p <0.05, "**" represents p <0.01, and "***" represents p <0.001 for comparison of treatment with antirEtCHP18905 and naïve rabbit sera IgG and anti-GST IgG at the same concentration. The error bars indicate the standard deviation. All assays were performed in triplicate.
Figure 4 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 4. Transcription levels of EtCHP18905 in different developmental stages of E. tenella. UO, unsporulated oocysts; SO, sporulated oocysts; Spz, sporozoites; Mrz, merozoites. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different expression levels (p <0.05) and the error bars indicate standard deviations.
Figure 5 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 5. Expression levels of EtCHP18905 in different developmental stages of E. tenella. (A) Western blot of the internal reference tubulin and EtCHP18905 protein. (B) Relative expression levels of the EtCHP18905 protein. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different expression levels (p <0.05) and the error bars indicate standard deviations.
Figure 2 in Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy
Figure 2. An illustrative example of the potential effect of seasonal shifts in nematode species composition on observed faecal egg count (FEC) reduction, based on typical epidemiological patterns in sheep in temperate areas. FEC composition indicates the proportion of eggs belonging to each species, where eggs of Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia circumcincta and Haemonchus contortus are not easily distinguished from each other. Months are calendar months in the northern hemisphere, with Nematodirus battus and then Teladorsagia dominating in spring and early summer, Trichostrongylus in late summer and autumn, and Haemonchus transiently dominant following favourable climatic conditions [91]. In scenario 1, only Haemonchus is resistant to treatment, with FECR of 80%; in scenario 2, only Teladorsagia is resistant (80% FECR); FEC of other species reduce by 98% following treatment. A FECRT would have different results in different months, detecting resistance (<95% FECR) only in months (% FECR in bold) in which the resistant species contributes sufficiently to total faecal egg output, and returning false-negative results for AR in other months. The simulation does not account for differences in fecundity between species, which further amplify seasonal variation in FECR. Here, FECRT conducted at different times of year produce differing results even if anthelmintic efficacy is stable within species over that period.
Figure 8 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
Figure 8. Levels of IgG (A), sCD4 (B), sCD8 (C), cytokines IFN-γ (D), IL-10 (E), IL-17 (F) and TGF-β1 (G) in chicken sera were measured using ELISA. Chickens of group rEtCHP18905-50 μg and group rEtCHP18905-100 μg were immunized with 50 μg or 100 μg of rEtCHP18905 protein, respectively. Challenged and unchallenged groups were immunized with PBS and served as controls. The IgG titers and the concentrations of sCD4, sCD8, and cytokines are expressed as Min to Max. (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001; ns, p> 0.05).
Figure 1 in Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy
Figure 1. Schematic showing the range of confounders potentially influencing faecal egg count reduction (FECR) following anthelmintic treatment, and hence classification of anthelmintic resistance (AR). These are divided into host, parasite and technical factors, which together affect actual reduction in faecal egg count (1). Technical considerations also influence the accuracy with which FECR is observed (2), and hence the detection of anthelmintic resistance (3). Technical refinements to the FECRT have very much focused on improving the accuracy with which actual FECR is measured and translated into AR classification (step 3), even though many factors other than AR can strongly influence actual FECR. These risk confounding the FECRT and should be borne in mind when designing, conducting and interpreting the test, whether in standardised form for detection of AR, or in modified forms to monitor anthelmintic effectiveness.
Fig 1a in Efficacy of Doob grass, Cynodon dactylon against white spot syndrome virus in Penaeus monodon
Fig 1a: GCMS chromatogram of Cynodon dactylon extract showing fraction peaks at normal (300C) temperature. The peak in circle shows the original presence of ingredients in the C. dactylon before heating at higher temperature.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.