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62 results for “egg masses”
Pelomedusa subrufa dry faecal mass and egg densities
<p><span>Marsh helmeted terrapins (<em>Pelomedusa</em> <em>subrufa</em>) </span>potentially facilitate zoochory of fairy shrimp dormant eggs between temporary wetland environments. Dominance hierarchies are known to establish in freshwater testudine populations, with larger-sized or older individuals being dominant over smaller or younger individuals. We assessed for zoochory potential between large- and small-sized turtles by assessing<em> <span>P. subrufa</span></em> faecal samples from a temporary pan which was observed to hold high densities of both the terrapin and fairy shrimp. Small-sized terrapin dry faecal mass was similar to large-sized terrapin dry faecal mass. However, potential egg densities were much higher in small-sized terrapin. </p>
Pelomedusa subrufa dry faecal mass and egg densities
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Data from: Egg mass polymorphism in Ambystoma maculatum is not associated with larval performance or survival, or with cell density of the algal symbiont Oophila amblystomatis
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Data from: Mortality and morphology in egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson Salamanders
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Data from: Quorum-sensing signaling by chironomid egg masses' microbiota affects haemagglutinin/protease (HAP) production by Vibrio cholerae
<p><i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, the causative agent of cholera, is commonly isolated, along with other bacterial species, from chironomid insects (<i>Diptera: Chironomide</i>). Nevertheless, its prevalence in the chironomid egg masses' microbiota is less than 0.5%. <i>V. cholerae</i> secretes haemagglutinin/protease (HAP) that degrades the gelatinous matrix of chironomid egg masses and prevents hatching. Quorum sensing (QS) activates HAP production in response to accumulation of bacterial autoinducers (AIs). Our aim was to define the impact of chironomid microbiota on HAP production by <i>V. cholerae</i>. To study QS signaling, we used<i> V. cholerae</i> bioluminescence reporter strains (QS-proficient O1 El-Tor wild type and QS-deficient mutants) and different bacterial species that we isolated from chironomid egg masses. These egg mass isolates, as well as a synthetic AI-2, caused an enhancement in <i>lux</i> expression by a <i>V. cholerae</i> QS-deficient mutant. The addition of the egg mass bacterial isolate supernatant to the QS-deficient mutant also enhanced HAP production and egg mass degradation activities. Moreover, the <i>V. cholerae</i> wild type strain was able to proliferate using egg masses as their sole carbon source while the QS-deficient was not. The results demonstrate that members of the chironomid bacterial consortium produce external chemical cues that, like AI-2, induce expression of the<i> hapA </i>gene in <i>V. cholerae</i>. Understanding the interactions between <i>V. cholerae</i> and the insects' microbiota may help uncover the interactions between this pathogen and the human gut microbiota.</p>
Data from: Genomic dissection of variation in clutch size and egg mass in a wild great tit (Parus major) population
Clutch size and egg mass are life history traits that have been extensively studied in wild bird populations, as life history theory predicts a negative trade-off between them, either at the phenotypic or genetic level. Here, we analyse the genomic architecture of these heritable traits in a wild great tit (Parus major) population, using three marker-based approaches - chromosome partitioning, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The variance explained by each great tit chromosome scales with predicted chromosome size, no location in the genome contains genome-wide significant QTL, and no individual SNPs are associated with a large proportion of phenotypic variation, all of which may suggest that variation in both traits is due to many loci of small effect, located across the genome. There is no evidence that any regions of the genome contribute significantly to both traits, which combined with a small, non-significant, negative genetic covariance between the traits, suggests the absence of genetic constraints on the independent evolution of these traits. Our findings support the hypothesis that variation in life history traits in natural populations is likely to be determined by many loci of small effect spread throughout the genome, which are subject to continued input of variation by mutation and migration, although we cannot exclude the possibility of an additional input of major effect genes influencing either trait.
Data from: The trade-off between clutch size and egg mass in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) is modulated by female body mass
Egg production is a costly component of reproduction for female birds in terms of energy expenditure and maternal investment. Because resources are typically limited, clutch size and egg mass are expected to be constrained, and this putative trade-off between offspring number and size is at the core of life history theory. Nevertheless, empirical evidence for this trade-off is equivocal at best, as individual heterogeneity in resource acquisition and allocation may hamper the detection of the negative correlation between egg number and mass within populations. Here, we investigated how female body mass and landscape composition influences clutch size, egg mass, and the relationship between these two traits. To do so, we fitted linear mixed models using data from tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor breeding in a network of 400 nestboxes located along a gradient of agricultural intensity between 2004 and 2011. Our dataset comprised 1463 broods for clutch size analyses and 4371 eggs (from 847 broods laid between 2005–2008) for egg mass analyses. Our results showed that agricultural intensity negatively impacted clutch size, but not egg mass nor the relationship between these two traits. Female mass, on the other hand, modulated the trade-off between clutch size and egg mass. For heavier females, both traits increased jointly, without evidence of a trade-off. However, for lighter females, there was a clear negative relationship between clutch size and egg mass. This work shows that accounting for individual heterogeneity in body mass allows the detection of a clutch size/egg mass trade-off that would have remained undetected otherwise. Identifying habitat and individual effects on resource allocation towards reproductive traits may help bridging the gap between predictions from theory and empirical evidence on life history trade-offs.
FIGURE 4. A in A new species of Pseudogaurax Malloch (Diptera: Chloropidae) reared from dobsonfly egg-masses (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Brazil
FIGURE 4. A. Intact (top) and ecloded (bottom) egg-masses of Corydalidae (not attacked by parasites). B. Egg-masses attacked by Pseudogaurax idiogenes showing emergence holes of adult flies (top) and remaining fly puparia (bottom, protective layer of egg mass partially removed).
FIGURES 1–3. Pseudogaurax idiogenes. 1. Male genitalia, lateral. 2. Male genitalia, posterior. 3 in A new species of Pseudogaurax Malloch (Diptera: Chloropidae) reared from dobsonfly egg-masses (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 1–3. Pseudogaurax idiogenes. 1. Male genitalia, lateral. 2. Male genitalia, posterior. 3. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer – cercus; ej ap – ejaculatory apodeme; epd – epandrium; hyp – hypandrium; phal – phallus; phap – phallapodeme; pog – postgonite; sur – surstylus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 11 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 11: Naticid egg masses collected on Giglio Island. A/a, Neverita josephinia (Campese Bay); B/b, probably Tectonatica rizzae (Pt. delle Secche); C/c, Notocochlis dillwynii (Pt. delle Secche); D/d, Notocochlis dillwynii (Cala dell´Allume); E/e, Notocochlis dillwynii (Fenaio); F/f, Tectonatica sagraiana (Campese Bay); G/g, Naticarius hebraeus (Pt. del Morto); H-I, egg capsules in egg masses of T. sagraiana (10 days old); J-K, egg capsules in egg masses of N. josephinia (1 day old).
FIGURE 7 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 7: Photos of the holotype of Natica sagraiana Orbigny, 1842 (A–C, F), held at the Natural History Museum, London, BM(NH)#1854.10.4.228, including its labels (G, H), and figured specimen (D, E) of Natica sagraiana Orbigny, 1842 (Orbigny in Sagra 1842, Mollusques, vol. 2, pl. 17, page 34). A, apertual view; B, dorsal view; C, umbilical view; F, apical view; G, BM(NH) label of holotype; H, original labels of Orbigny, indicating the type locality to be Cuba. The figured specimen (D, E) appears to represent the holotype (A-C, F). Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 3 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 3: Photos of all egg masses used for molecular analysis (see Figure 1) in this study. For details concerning collection sites and the sequences amplified see Table 2. The pictures were taken immediately after the collars has been collected. DNA samples from egg masses were marked with C followed by a reference number when DNA was extracted directly from an egg mass; they were marked with L followed by a reference number if DNA extraction was performed from hatched larvae. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 2 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 2: Apertual views of all adult naticid specimens used for molecular analysis (see Figure 1) in this study. For more details concerning collection sites and the sequences amplified see Table 2. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 10 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 10: A, Payraudeautia intricata (Donovan, 1804); B, Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 8 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 8: A, Tectonatica sagraiana (Orbigny, 1842); B, Tectonatica rizzae (Philippi, 1844). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 9 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 9: A, Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1804); B, Euspira macilenta (Philippi, 1844). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 4 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 4: Schematic map of Giglo Island, Grosseto County, Tuscany, Italy (42°21.000´´N 10°54.000´´E), including all collecting sites with naticid occurence: 1, Campese Bay; 2, Pt. del Faraglione; 3, Pt. delle Secche; 4, Cala dell´Allume; 5, Pt. del Corvo; 6, Pt. del Morto; 7, Pt. della Campana; 8, Cannelle Bay; 9,´Swiss House´; 10, Pt. del Fenaio. Pure shallow sandy sites are Campese Bay, Pt. del Faraglione, and Canelle Bay, while the remaining sites are bluffs with rocks, coarse sand flats, and sea weeds. The circular charts show the material (A, living specimens; E, egg masses; S, empty shells) collected at each site in a qualitative manner. N. dillwynii is distributed widest. Collected egg masses listed here were included in the molecular analysis.
FIGURE 6 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 6: A, Naticarius hebraeus (Martyn, 1786); B, Notocochlis dillwynii (Payraudeau, 1826). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 1 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 1: Phylogenetic tree based on an analysis of the entire data set (H3, COI, 16S, and 18S sequences) of all specimens listed in Table 2. The phylogenetic model (GTR+I+G) was estimated by MrModeltest (Nylander 2004) performed with Paup*4.0b10 (Swofford 2003). Protein coding data sets were coded as "CODON". Based on different base compositions (chi-square test) in each of the single data sets, all parameters were defined as unlinked. Paup*4.0b10 tree characteristics: RI=0.851, CI=0.579. 325 positions were parsimony-informative, 76 were parsimony-uninformative, and 1141 were constant (1542 bp). Tonna cerevisina (Hedley, 1919) and Cypraea annulus (Linnaeus, 1758) were used as outgroup.
FIGURE 5 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 5: A, Sparsely dotted form of Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791); B, Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791). All specimens are shown in four standardized views (dorsal, apertural, apical, umbilical) as well as alive. The pictures of living specimens were taken in an aquarium with a black bottom. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.