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3,583 results for “elevations”
5-meter elevation contours, Martinelli Snowfield, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Martinelli snow field contour lines. This dataset is part of the Martinelli grid geographic information system (GIS). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S.patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (1999-2025).
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh surface at three long term marsh control and fertilization experimental research sites. The sites include one Typha-dominated brackish marsh, one Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and one S. patens-dominated salt marsh. Sites are located on the Rowley and upper Parker Rivers in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER.
Surface Elevation Table (SET) data (pin heights) from control and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S. patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (1999-2025).
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh surface at three long term marsh fertilization experimental research sites. The sites include one Typha-dominated brackish marsh, one Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and one S. patens-dominated salt marsh. Sites are located on the Rowley and upper Parker Rivers in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site.
Biome Transition Along Elevational Gradients in New Mexico (SEON) Study: Flux Tower Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Quadrat Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The varied topography and large elevation gradients that characterize the arid and semi-arid Southwest create a wide range of climatic conditions - and associated biomes - within relatively short distances. This creates an ideal experimental system in which to study the effects of climate on ecosystems. Such studies are critical given that the Southwestern U.S. has already experienced changes in climate that have altered precipitation patterns (Mote et al. 2005), and stands to experience dramatic climate change in the coming decades (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Climate models currently predict an imminent transition to a warmer, more arid climate in the Southwest (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Thus, high elevation ecosystems, which currently experience relatively cool and mesic climates, will likely resemble their lower elevation counterparts, which experience a hotter and drier climate. In order to predict regional changes in carbon storage, hydrologic partitioning and water resources in response to these potential shifts, it is critical to understand how both temperature and soil moisture affect processes such as evaportranspiration (ET), total carbon uptake through gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and energy across elevational gradients. We are using a sequence of six widespread biomes along an elevational gradient in New Mexico -- ranging from hot, arid ecosystems at low elevations to cool, mesic ecosystems at high elevation to test specific hypotheses related to how climatic controls over ecosystem processes change across this gradient. We have an eddy covariance tower and associated meteorological instruments in each biome which we are using to directly measure the exchange of carbon, water and energy between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. This gradient offers us a unique opportunity to test the interactive effects of temperature and soil moisture on ecosystem proce
Biome Transition Along Elevational Gradients in New Mexico (SEON) Study: Flux Tower Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The varied topography and large elevation gradients that characterize the arid and semi-arid Southwest create a wide range of climatic conditions - and associated biomes - within relatively short distances. This creates an ideal experimental system in which to study the effects of climate on ecosystems. Such studies are critical given that the Southwestern U.S. has already experienced changes in climate that have altered precipitation patterns (Mote et al. 2005), and stands to experience dramatic climate change in the coming decades (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Climate models currently predict an imminent transition to a warmer, more arid climate in the Southwest (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Thus, high elevation ecosystems, which currently experience relatively cool and mesic climates, will likely resemble their lower elevation counterparts, which experience a hotter and drier climate. In order to predict regional changes in carbon storage, hydrologic partitioning and water resources in response to these potential shifts, it is critical to understand how both temperature and soil moisture affect processes such as evapotranspiration (ET), total carbon uptake through gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and energy across elevational gradients. We are using a sequence of six widespread biomes along an elevational gradient in New Mexico -- ranging from hot, arid ecosystems at low elevations to cool, mesic ecosystems at high elevation to test specific hypotheses related to how climatic controls over ecosystem processes change across this gradient. We have an eddy covariance tower and associated meteorological instruments in each biome which we are using to directly measure the exchange of carbon, water and energy between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. This gradient offers us a unique opportunity to test the interactive effects of temperature and soil moisture on ecosystem proces
Surface Elevation (SET) Data for Brownsville Forest at the Virginia Coastal Reserve, 2019-2025
This dataset contains data from Surface Elevation Tables (SETs) located in the Brownsville Forest at the Virginia Coastal Reserve. These research plots were set up in 2019 as a part of a larger forest disturbance project. Marker Horizons and Shallow SETs were installed in 2020 but have not yet been measured. Tyler Messerschmidt has made all measurements of these SETs
Sediment elevation transects for the Seagrass Recovery Experiment, South Bay, VA 2022
To understand intra-meadow stability, the Seagrass Recovery Experiment was designed to ask 1) is recovery faster at sites with less thermal stress owing to greater exchange with cooler oceanic water at the meadow edge? 2) what is the shape of recovery? and 3) what are the recovery mechanisms? To conduct this experiment, aboveground seagrass biomass was removed from 28.3 m2 plots within the interior and along an edge of a restored seagrass meadow in South Bay, VA. Sites 1-3 correspond to the meadow interior while sites 4-6 correspond to the northern meadow edge. Each site was comprised of a control (i.e., C) where no seagrass was disturbed and a treatment (i.e., T) where seagrass was removed (n = 12 sites total, e.g., 1C, 1T, 2C...). A nor'easter storm moved through the area in early May 2022 producing 59% and 48% of the year's total Gale and Near Gale force winds. After the storm passed, depressions were noticed within the edge treatment sites. To quantify the depression depths a survey of the sediment surface depth was coordinated among all sites in October 2022. Results provide evidence that the edge treatment sites were depressed by 9.4-10.4 cm relative to outside of the treatment plots.
Soil Moisture at Three Different Dune Elevations on the Hog Island, Northampton County, VA 2023
In summer 2023, soils were collected from swale grasslands (embryonic, Intermediate [swale 1] and Inland [swale 2]) on southern Hog Island. They were kept in plastic bags to quantify soil moisture content, which was determined by weighing cores to obtain water mass before and after drying at 105 deg_C for 72 hours. For details, see: Woods, N.N., Zinnert, J.C. Shrub encroachment of coastal ecosystems depends on dune elevation. Plant Ecol 225, 1047-1057 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-024-01453-2
High-mountain Asia glacier elevation change trend (dh/dt) map for the period spanning 2000 to 2018
<p>See manuscript for methodology and dataset description:</p> <p>Shean DE, Bhushan S, Montesano P, Rounce DR, Arendt A and Osmanoglu B (2020) A Systematic, Regional Assessment of High-Mountain Asia Glacier Mass Balance. Front. Earth Sci. 7:363. DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00363</p> <p>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2019.00363/full</p> <p>GeoTiff header contains relevant metadata and georeferencing information (30 m pixel size, Albers Equal Area projection). Proj string is '+proj=aea +lat_1=25 +lat_2=47 +lat_0=36 +lon_0=85 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs'</p> <p>External overview file (.ovr) contains pyramidal overviews for improved visualization performance at different zoom levels.</p>
GRWSE-global river water surface elevation from sentinel-3
<p>This dataset includes time series of Water Surface Elevation (WSE) of large rivers at over 3000 virtual stations. The WSE time series were created using Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B altimetry data. </p>
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
<p>This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature, and digital elevation for the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrology (SPLASH) campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). While Level 2 provides each product at their highest retrieved spatial resolution, Level 3 provides all four products on a common grid at each flight location. These data were collected near Avery Picnic (38.972425 degrees N,106.996855 degrees W) and Kettle Ponds (38.942005 degrees N,106.973006 degrees W) in the East River Watershed in Colorado from a series of flights starting on June 1st, 2022 and ending October 18th, 2023. Soil moisture measurements were retrieved using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) which is a L-Band (1-2 GHz) microwave radiometer and was flown on the E2 and S2 aerial platforms operated by Black Swift Technologies, Inc. </p> <p> </p> <p>Each Level 3 NetCDF file contains all four UAS parameters at a flight location interpolated to a common rectilinear grid at ~50 cm resolution. Soil moisture retrievals were downscaled to a higher resolution grid using bilinear interpolation while surface temperature, NDVI, and digital elevation were upscaled to a lower resolution grid using conservative interpolation. The data was regridded using the Python package xESMF which is based on code developed for the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) project. </p> <p> </p> <p>The file name convention for the Level 3 NetCDF files is as follows.</p> <p> </p> <p>uas_L3_yyyymmdd_hhmmss_vx.x.nc</p> <p>where</p> <p>L3 = Level 3 data </p> <p>yyyymmdd = year,month,day</p> <p>hhmmss = hour,minute,second</p> <p>x.x = version number </p> <p>Time is the flight start time in UTC.</p> <p>Version number description is provided in the NetCDF global attributes.</p> <p> </p> <p>Note that each flight location using the E2 aerial platform required two flights with different starting flight times for the soil moisture and the other three products. The flight start time is the time of the first flight. The total time for the two flights at each location was ~1 hour. </p> <p><strong>November 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.0 added flight data from 2023. Version 2.0 includes an updated calibration of the soil moisture retrieval that has been applied to 2023 data, and a mask was applied to the soil moisture retrieval over water surfaces for both 2022 and 2023 data. Version 2.1 adds data file uas_L3_20221018_171650_v2.1.nc that was missing in Version 2.0.</p> <p><strong>December 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.2 updated soil moisture data with a wet bias in v2.1 for flights #2 (17:40:35 UTC) and #3 (19:24:45 UTC) on July 27, 2022.</p>
UAV-based orthomosaic and digital elevation model of a basalt outcrop on Disko Island, West Greenland
<p><span>This data set contains an RGB survey conducted with an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) over a flat basaltic outcrop (intrusive and flood volcanics), surrounded by boreal vegetation (Salix species).</span></p> <ul> <li><span>Acquisition date: 13.08.2019</span></li> <li><span>Location: Qullissat (Qutdlikssat), Disko Island, Greenland</span></li> <li><span>UAV: DJI Mavic 1 Pro</span></li> <li><span>Flight altitude above ground level: 75 m</span></li> <li><span>Image Overlap forward/side: 70 % / 70 %</span></li> <li><span>Camera: RGB</span></li> <li><span>EPSG: 32622</span></li> <li><span>Center coordinates: 70.05330°N, -52.97780°E</span></li> <li><span>Flight mode: manual image acquisition</span></li> </ul> <p><span>Data products: </span></p> <ul> <li><span>Orthomosaic RGB 2.3 cm pixel resolution</span></li> <li><span>DEM 5cm pixel resolution</span></li> <li><span>Processing in Agisoft Metashape</span></li> <li><span>Data coverage: approx. 250 x 360 m</span></li> </ul> <p>Acknowledgements</p> <p><span>MULSEDRO field campaign was conducted under scientific survey licence (VU-00158-2019) within mineral exploration licence MEL 2018-16 by Blue Jay Mining PLC. This research has been supported by the project MULSEDRO, funded by HZDR-HIF & EITRawMaterials (project ID 16193) and the European Union.</span></p>
Belowground nitrogen cycling in a montane grassland exposed to elevated CO2, warming and drought
<p>#### Data description<br> Data from a multi-factorial global change experiment (elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, warming and drought) in a montane grassland experiment in Austria (ClimGrass). Variables presented are soil nitrogen cycling rates measured using isotope pool dilutions.</p> <p>Companion paper will be linked following manuscript publication.</p> <p>#### Metadata<br> climgrass_soil_N_cycling.csv data description</p> <p>Year: 2017<br> Harvest: three harvests (May 30, July 25, October 3)<br> Season: numerical column for harvest number<br> Plot: location of plot within the ClimGrass experiment<br> Treatment: eight treatment levels<br> c0t0 (ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, ambient temperature)<br> c0t1 (ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, + 1.5°C)<br> c0t2 (ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, + 3°C)<br> c1t1 (+150 ppm, +1.5°C)<br> c2t0 (+300 ppm, ambient temperature)<br> c2t2 (+300 ppm, +3°C)<br> c0t0-d (ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, ambient temperature, extended drought)<br> c2t2-d (+300 ppm, +3°C, extended drought)<br> CO2_ppm: three values of carbon dioxide enrichment treatment (+0, +150, or +300 ppm)<br> Temp_C: three values of elevated temperature treatment (+0, +1.5, +3°C)<br> Drought: two levels (control, drought)<br> Prot_depoly: gross protein depolymerization rates (micrograms nitrogen per grams dry soil per day = µg N g-1 d-1)<br> FAA_uptake: gross free amino acid uptake rates (µg N g-1 d-1)<br> MRT_FAA_hrs: mean residence time of free amino acids (hours)<br> FAA: free amino acids (µg N g-1)<br> Mineralization: gross mineralization rates (µg N g-1 d-1)<br> Nitrification: gross nitrification rates (µg N g-1 d-1)</p> <p>#### References<br> Additional information on the experimental design can be found in the following paper:<br> Piepho, H.-P., Herndl, M., Pötsch, E.M., Bahn, M., 2017. Designing an experiment with quantitative treatment factors to study the effects of climate change. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 203, 584–592. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12225</p> <p>More information on the isotope pool dilution method used can be found in the following paper:<br> Wanek, W., Mooshammer, M., Blöchl, A., Hanreich, A., Richter, A., 2010. Determination of gross rates of amino acid production and immobilization in decomposing leaf litter by a novel 15 N isotope pool dilution technique. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42, 1293–1302. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.04.001</p>
An hourly ground temperature dataset for 16 high-elevation sites (3493–4377 m a.s.l.) in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia (2017–2020)
<p>This is a multiannual ground temperature dataset covering sixteen high elevation sites (3493-4377 m a.s.l.) in the Bale Mountains, southern Ethiopian Highlands</p> <p>The dataset is described in detail in the corresponding data paper by Groos et al. 2021 (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-268)</p> <p>The repository contains a readme file ("readme.txt"), a GeoPackage ("Data_Logger_Location.gpkg"), a thermal infrared time-lapse video ("thermal_infrared_time-lapse_video.mp4"), a metadata file for the video ("video_metadata.txt"), and two sub-folders: "raw_data" and "processed_data"</p> <p>The GeoPackage provides information on the location and environmental setting of each logger and can be easily opened and displayed in a Geographic Information System. The coordinate reference system is WGS84 / Geographic (EPSG code: 4326).</p> <p>The thermal infrared time-lapse video (<a href="https://vimeo.com/676294827">https://vimeo.com/676294827</a>) visualises the phenomenon of nocturnal cold air drainage and ponding in the Bale Mountains (for more information see the metadata file and Appendix C in the corresponding data paper).</p> <p>The folder "raw_data" contains the original logfiles of all GT and TM data loggers (see Table 1) in a tab-delimited text format with the logger ID and download date encoded in the file name. The date format of the GT data loggers is YYYY.MM.DD hh:mm:ss East Africa Time (EAT). The date format of the TM data loggers is DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss EAT.</p> <p>The folder "processed_data" contains the followings two files:</p> <p>"Information_Sheet_Data_Gap-Filling.ods": An overview table with relevant information regarding the filling of (longer) data gaps in the ground temperature time series. The gap-filling procedure based on simple linear regression models is described individually for each logger.</p> <p>"Hourly_Ground_Temperatures.csv": Compilation of hourly ground temperature data from all GT and TM data loggers installed in the Bale Mountains (see Table 1 in the data paper). The dataset covers the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 January 2020, but individual time series may be shorter or contain data gaps (see Fig. 3 in the data paper). We use the international date format (ISO 8601): YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss EAT. The following numerical indices (or a combination of them) in the columns starting with "Flag_*" are used to provide additional information on the post-processing of each hourly measurement of each time series:</p> <p>0 no data available<br> 1 original data (no post-processing)<br> 2 data interpolated to full hour<br> 3 erroneous data corrected<br> 4 erroneous data removed<br> 5 data gap-filled</p> <p>The meteorological data from the ten automatic weather stations in the Bale Mountains, which are operated since 2017, are currently post-processed and analysed in the framework of the DFG Research Unit 2358 "The Mountain Exile Hypothesis". The data will be made publicly available at some point in the future. However, individual access to the weather station data may be granted before on request to the coordination board of the research unit (bale@staff.uni-marburg.de).</p>
Water table elevation and groundwater temperature from the outwash plain of the Otemma glacier forefield (Switzerland) from 2019 to 2021
<p><strong>Water table elevation and groundwater temperature from the outwash plain of the Otemma glacier forefield (Switzerland) from 2019 to 2021.</strong><br> Data were collected by the research teams of Bettina Schaefli<sup>1,2</sup>, Stuart N. Lane<sup>1</sup>.</p> <p><sup>1</sup> Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Institute of Geography (GIUB), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</p> <p>For further information, please contact:</p> <ul> <li>tom.muller.1@unil.ch</li> </ul> <p><strong>This dataset is first referenced and discussed in the research paper by Müller et al., 2022.</strong></p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Data Description</strong></p> <p>9 piezometers consisting of fully screened plastic tubes were installed at an averaged depth of 1.5 to 2m in the outwash plain of the Otemma glacier forefield (WGS84 : 45.93434 / 7.41209). They cover four transects perpendicular to the stream from downstream (A) to upstream to (D).</p> <p>Water table elevation and temperature were recorded in each well at a 10 minute interval using SparkFun MS5803-14BA pressure sensors. Sensor resolution is 1 mm and 0.01 °C, sensor accuracy is ± 2 cm and ± 0.8°C. Sensor bias was verified and corrected by bi-monthly manual groundwater stage measurements. Water temperature was not manually corrected and may be subject to some unidentified bias.</p> <p>Piezometer location can be visualized in<strong><em> overview_piezo.jpg</em> </strong></p> <p>Piezometer coordinates are available in<strong> </strong>shapefile <strong><em>GPS_piezometers.zip</em></strong> (coordinate system: swiss LV95 (EPSG:2056))</p> <p>Piezometers name matches the labelling used in Müller et al. 2022 (A1,A2 to D1,D2). Two additionnal piezometers (BinjUp & BinjDown) used for a specific salt tracing analysis (see <em>ERT_timelapse_salt_tracer.gif </em>at <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6342767#.YjBRmTXjJlh">https://zenodo.org/record/6342767#.YjBRmTXjJlh</a>) are also available. Finally an additional piezometer (B1-2) located between B1 and B2 is also available although it was not used in Müller et al. 2022.</p> <p><strong>Data Structure</strong></p> <p><strong>df_piezometers.csv</strong> is formated as a tidy dataframe with 10 minute interval and following headers :<br> - <em>date </em>: local date (UTC+01 with daylight saving time)<br> - <em>variable </em>: parameter of interest, with following classes :<br> w_elevation: Water table elevation [m. asl]<br> w_temperature : Groundwater temperature [°C]<br> - <em>name </em>: name of piezometer (see coordinates in GPS_piezometers.zip)<br> - <em>dateUTC </em>: date with UTC timezone</p> <p>Data can be quickly vizualized in<strong> plot_piezo.png</strong> or interactively in a browser using <strong>plot_piezo_interactive.html</strong></p>
Elevating Cybersecurity for Smart Grid Systems—A Container-Based Approach Enhanced by Machine Learning
<p>README<br>Title<br>Elevating Cybersecurity for Smart Grid Systems—A Container-Based Approach Enhanced by Machine Learning</p> <p>Authors<br>Mays Abukeshek, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, University of Huddersfield, UK<br>Email: mays.abukeshek@sunderland.ac.uk, Mays.abukeshek@hud.ac.uk<br>Basel Barakat, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, UK<br>Email: basel.barakat@sunderland.ac.uk<br>Bamidele Ajayi, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, UK<br>Email: bamidele.ajayi@research.sunderland.ac.uk<br>Abstract<br>This dataset supports the paper "Elevating Cybersecurity for Smart Grid Systems—A Container-Based Approach Enhanced by Machine Learning," which presents a comprehensive implementation of a cybersecurity solution for smart grid network containers. The methodology utilizes:</p> <p>Qualys API-based vulnerability scanning and reporting system for vulnerability identification<br>Docker deployment for security and isolation<br>Advanced load balancing techniques for resource optimization<br>Machine learning-powered anomaly detection for threat identification and vulnerability prioritization.<br>The dataset contains details of several simulated attacks enabling effective training and evaluation of a robust machine-learning model.</p> <p>Data Description<br>The dataset includes logs from conducted attacks on containerized nodes, generated to reflect real-world scenarios. The simulated attacks include:</p> <p>Denial of Service (DoS)<br>Remote-to-Local (R2L)<br>User-to-Root (U2R)<br>Probes<br>Contents<br>Csv_file.csv: This file contains the dataset used for training and evaluating the machine learning models. The columns in the dataset represent various features and results of the simulated attacks.<br>Data Columns and Rows<br>Timestamp:</p> <p>Description: The exact date and time when the data was recorded.<br>time: 2023-06-01 12:00:00</p> <p>Attack_Type:</p> <p>Description: The type of cyber-attack conducted.<br>Possible Values: DoS, R2L, U2R, Probe<br>Example: DoS<br>Notes: Categorizes the type of attack, crucial for training classification models.<br>CPU_Utilization (%):</p> <p>Description: The percentage of CPU resources used during the attack.<br>Example: 52.3<br>Notes: Indicates the load on the CPU during the attack, useful for assessing the impact of attacks on system performance.<br>Memory_Utilization (%):</p> <p>Description: The percentage of memory resources used during the attack.<br>Example: 63.4<br>Notes: Shows memory usage which can be a critical factor in understanding system performance under attack conditions.<br>Network_Bandwidth (Mbps):</p> <p>Description: The bandwidth of the network in Megabits per second.<br>Example: 100<br>Notes: Reflects the network load and is essential for analyzing the impact on network performance.<br>Vulnerabilities_Detected:</p> <p>Description: The number of vulnerabilities detected during the attack.<br>Example: 289<br>Notes: Indicates the effectiveness of the vulnerability scanning process and the system's exposure to threats.<br>Mean_Response_Time (ms):</p> <p>Description: The average response time in milliseconds during the attack.<br>Example: 87<br>Notes: Important for evaluating the responsiveness of the system under attack conditions.<br>Throughput (requests/second):</p> <p>Description: The number of requests the system can handle per second during the attack.<br>Example: 1068<br>Notes: Measures the capacity and efficiency of the system under load.<br>Example Row<br>Timestamp Attack_Type CPU_Utilization (%) Memory_Utilization (%) Network_Bandwidth (Mbps) Vulnerabilities_Detected Mean_Response_Time (ms) Throughput (requests/second)<br>2023-06-01 12:00:00 DoS 52.3 63.4 100 289 87 1068<br>Usage<br>This dataset can be used to:</p> <p>Train and evaluate machine learning models for cybersecurity applications in smart grid systems.<br>Analyze the performance of different machine learning models in detecting and prioritizing vulnerabilities.<br>Understand the impact of various types of cyber-attacks on containerized environments.<br>Methodology<br>The dataset was created using a combination of Qualys API-based vulnerability scanning and Docker containerization. Multiple container clusters were subjected to various simulated attacks, and the performance of machine learning models was evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores.</p> <p>Acknowledgments<br>This research was supported by the University of Sunderland and the University of Huddersfield.</p> <p>References<br>Please refer to the full paper for detailed methodology, implementation, and analysis:<br>IEEE</p>
Classification of New Caledonian Forests According to Edge and Elevation Effects
<h1>Description</h1> <p>This map represents a classification of forest types based on the influence of the edge effect (distance to the forest edge) and elevation effect (temperature and area) on tree community richness.</p> <ul> <li>The edge effect influences tree diversity through an environmental aridity filter. In New Caledonia, the maximum temperature recorded at the forest edge is 41°C in February, while it never exceeds 24°C beyond 100 meters from the edge. This temperature difference induces a selection for species that tolerate the most arid conditions, leading to a reduction in the biological richness of tree communities (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0534-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ibanez et al., 2017</a>; <a href="https://cnrt.nc/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/CNRT-rappsc-RELIQUES_Tome-ENV-Edition-2022-cp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Birnbaum et al., 2022</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14105" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blanchard et al., 2023</a>).</li> <li>Altitude also affects tree diversity due to temperature variation and available area (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12070" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ibanez et al., 2014</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv075" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Birnbaum et al., 2015</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12374" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pouteau et al., 2015</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12396" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ibanez et al., 2016</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx107" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ibanez et al., 2018</a>). In New Caledonia, observed tree community richness ranges from 35 to 121 species per hectare within the NC-PIPPN network, peaking at mid-altitude ranges (refer to figure '<a title="1ha Plot Tree Richness Distribution Along Elevation" href="../records/12739730/files/amap_elevation_richness.png?download=1&preview=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">amap_elevation_richness.png</a>'). Potential richness was assessed using the S-SDM model, with the 80th percentile used as a threshold to distinguish low and high potential richness across three elevation classes: [0 - 400m[, [400 - 900m[, and [900 - 1628m[.</li> </ul> <p>The classification of forest types combines distance from the forest edge and potential richness by elevation into three major categories, as illustrated in the figure '<a title="Illustration of the three forest types" href="../records/12739730/files/amap_forest_types_nc.png?download=1&preview=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">amap_forest_types_nc.png</a>':</p> <ol> <li><strong>Edge Forest:</strong> Parts of the forest located less than 100 meters from the forest edge.</li> <li><strong>Mature Forest:</strong> Parts of the forest located beyond 100 meters from the edge with a lower potential richness of tree communities.</li> <li><strong>Core Forest:</strong> Parts of the forest located more than 300 meters from the edge with a higher potential richness of tree communities.</li> </ol> <h1>Content</h1> <p>The map is computed from the Forest Map of New Caledonia (v2024) and the Potential Tree Species Richness in the Forests of New Caledonia (v2024). This dataset was produced, analyzed, and verified using a combination of open-source software, including QGIS, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, Python, R, and the GDAL library, all running on Linux. </p> <ul> <li>amap_forest_types_nc.png is a picture illustrating the forest type classification </li> <li>amap_forest_types_nc.zip is a compressed file contains the six essential files for an ESRI-format GIS system, using the WGS84 international coordinate system, and can be uploaded to a spatial database such as PostgreSQL/PostGIS. Each row of the attribute table represents a forest type (a multi-polygon) with associated fields :</li> </ul> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Field</strong></td> <td><strong>Type</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>type</strong></td> <td>TEXT</td> <td>One of the three forest types ("Edge Forest", "Mature Forest", "Core forest")</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>area_ha</strong></td> <td>NUMERIC (2 DECIMALS)</td> <td>Area of the multi-polygon in hectares</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>description<br></strong></td> <td>TEXT</td> <td>Description of the three forest types</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>geom</strong></td> <td>GEOMETRY (MULTIPOLYGON, 4326))</td> <td>Geometry with datum EPSG: 4326 (WGS 84 – World Geodetic System 1984)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h1>Limitations</h1> <p>We caution users that the distinction between the three classes is based on an ecological interpretation and does not reflect directly perceptible breaks in the forest. The ecological transition from the edge to the core of the forest follows multiple gradient modulated by environmental conditions.</p> <p>Moreover, this classification is based on local observations and measurements, which are complex to generalize and extrapolate across a territory as environmentally diverse as New Caledonia. Nevertheless, it allows us to address the impact of fragmentation at the scale of New Caledonia.</p>
DATABASE OF THE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS OF THE SKEIÐARÁRSANDUR KETTLE-HOLES (S ICELAND), JUNE 2022 - PART I
<p>The database concerns kettle-holes of glacial flood origin. They are located at various outwash levels of Skeiðarársandur in S Iceland. The database contains 87 digital elevation models (DEM) with a minimum resolution of 0.05 m and additional files, e.g. field measurements data, frames selected from the video, errors calculation, point cloud, 3D view. These data document the process of obtaining the material using the photogrammetric ‘Structure from Motion’ method from fieldwork conducted in June 2022 through the processing stages in free, mainly open-source software. The data is prepared in the local Cartesian system and includes relative heights, where 0 m is the lowest point of the kettle-hole. The simple technique used, based on filming the landforms with a digital camera, enables mapping of depressions up to 1250 m<sup>2</sup> in the area and a maximum depth of up to 8 m with the assumed high accuracy.</p>
Landscape classes of combinations of elevation, slope angle, and aspect, for the Ilirney Lake System Region, Chukotka, Russia
<p>The elevation was accessed for the area of interest in 90 m spatial resolution from the TanDEM-X 90 m digital elevation model (DEM) product (Krieger et al, 2013). Prior to spatial topographical parameters extraction, the DEM was resampled from the 90-m cell spacing to a 30-m resolution. The result was classified into 589 different possible combinations of elevation, slope angle, aspect. For the classification we used the possible combinations of elevation, slope, and aspect which were grouped into the following categories:</p> <p>Elevation:</p> <ul> <li>0-400 m</li> <li>400-450m</li> <li>450-500m</li> <li>500-600m</li> <li>600-650m</li> <li>650-700m</li> <li>700-1000m</li> <li>1000-1500m</li> </ul> <p>Slope:</p> <ul> <li>0-2°</li> <li>2-4°</li> <li>4-6°</li> <li>6-8°</li> <li>8-10°</li> <li>10-12°</li> <li>12-16°</li> <li>16-18°</li> <li>18-20°</li> <li>20-25°</li> <li>25-50°</li> </ul> <p>Aspect:</p> <ul> <li>0-45°</li> <li>45-90°</li> <li>90-135°</li> <li>135-180°</li> <li>180-225°</li> <li>225-270°</li> <li>270-315°</li> <li>315-360°</li> </ul> <p>Format: Geotiff; projection UTM58N and 30x30 m tiles; extent: 642010.1, 654910.1, 7462218, 7492908 m (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)</p>
Supplementary dataset to publication: "Elevated platforms with integrated weighing beams allow automatic monitoring of usage and activity in broiler chickens"
<p>The dataset supplements the journal article "Elevated platforms with integrated weighing beams allow automatic monitoring of usage and activity in broiler chickens" by H. Schomburg, J. Malchow, O. Sanders, J. Knöll and L. Schrader, that appeared in Smart Agricultural Technology 3 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2022.100095. The file archives trial1.zip and trial2.zip contain csv files with platform weighing system data measured from June 19, 2019 to July 22, 2019 (trial 1) and from September 9, 2019 to October 14, 2019 (trial 2) in a broiler chicken barn at Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle. A detailed description of data structure is given in 00_hl_weighing_system_data_overview.txt.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.