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116 results for “environmental risk”
Environmental and anthropogenic features in relation to human hunting and wolf predation risk
<p>Landscape characteristics, seasonal changes in the environment, and daylight conditions influence space use and detection of prey and predators, resulting in spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk for the prey. When predators have different hunting modes, the combined effects of multiple predators are mediated by the physical landscape and can result in overlapping or contrasting patterns of predation risk. Humans have become super predators in many anthropogenic landscapes by harvesting games species and competing with large carnivores for prey. Previous studies have focused on how the physical environment mediates risk from human hunters and ambush predators, but very little knowledge exists on how risk from hunters and cursorial predators is linked to habitat characteristics. Here, we used the locations of wolf (<em>Canis lupus</em>)-killed and hunter-killed moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) in south-central Scandinavia to investigate whether environmental and anthropogenic features within the landscape influenced where wolves and hunters killed moose. We predicted that due to differences in hunting modes between wolves and hunters, the combined effects of these two predators would result in contrasting patterns of spatial risk. Nonetheless, we expected these contrasting spatial patterns of risk to also contrast temporally, with wolves and hunters killing predominantly at night and during the day, respectively. During the moose hunting season, the probability of a wolf kill increased with wolf space use, whereas it decreased with increasing distance to forest roads, building density and distance to young forests and clear-cuts. After the moose hunting season, the probability of a wolf kill increased with increasing moose density, wolf space use and terrain ruggendess, while it decreased with increasing building density, distance to main and secondary roads and distance to young forests and clear-cuts. The probability of a hunter kill was highest closer to bogs, main and secondary roads, in areas with greater moose density, less rugged terrain and higher building density. Hunters killed all moose during the day, whereas wolves killed most moose at nighttime both during and after the hunting season. Our findings suggest that both environmental and anthropogenic features mediate hunting and wolf predation risk. Additionally, we found that hunter- and wolf-killed moose exhibited contrasting spatial associations to landscape features, most likely as a result of the different hunting modes and needs exhibited by hunters and wolves. However, wolf predation risk and hunting risk also contrasted in time, since wolves killed mostly at night and hunters were restricted to hunting during daytime and during the hunting season. This temporal segregation in risk might therefore suggest that moose could minimize risk exposure by taking advantage of spatiotemporally vacant hunting domains.</p>
Data from: The effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour in a migratory songbird
<p>Temporal changes in environmental conditions may play a major role in the year-to-year variation in fitness consequences of behaviours. Identifying environmental drivers of such variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of behaviours in natural contexts. However, our understanding of how environmental variation influences behaviours in the wild remains limited. Using data collected over 14 breeding seasons from a collared flycatcher (<em>Ficedula albicollis</em>) population, we examined the effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour, a highly variable behavioural trait with great evolutionary and ecological significance. Specifically, using annual recapture probability as a proxy of survival, we evaluated the specific effect of predation pressure, food availability and mean temperature on the relationship between annual recapture probability and risk-taking behaviour (measured as flight initiation distance, FID). We found a negative trend, as the relationship between annual recapture probability and FID decreased over the study years, and changed from positive to negative. Specifically, in the early years of the study, risk-avoiding individuals exhibited a higher annual recapture probability, whereas in the later years, risk-avoiders had a lower annual recapture probability. However, we did not find evidence that any of the considered environmental factors mediated the variation in the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour.</p>
Figure 5 in Concurrent Field Experiments and Satellite Surveys for Assessing Environmental Risk in the Coastal Zone of Southeast Baltic
Figure 5. Landing areas of the drifters (left) and their percentage distribution (right).
Figure 3 in Concurrent Field Experiments and Satellite Surveys for Assessing Environmental Risk in the Coastal Zone of Southeast Baltic
Figure 3. Map of the study region showing CTD stations and ADCP transects.
Figure 2. 2015 in Concurrent Field Experiments and Satellite Surveys for Assessing Environmental Risk in the Coastal Zone of Southeast Baltic
Figure 2. 2015 traffic density map of southeast Baltic (© Marine Traffic).
Fig. 1 in Predicting the risk of Alaria alata infestation in wild boar on the basis of environmental factors
Fig. 1. The trend in prevalence of A. alata in provinces with WETLANDS.
Data for: The impact of wildlife and environmental factors on hantavirus infection in host and its translation into human risk
<p><span>Identifying factors that drive infection dynamics in reservoir host populations is essential in understanding human risk from wildlife-originated zoonoses. We studied zoonotic <em>Puumala</em> <em>orthohantavirus</em> (PUUV) in the host, the bank vole (<em>Myodes</em> <em>glareolus</em>), populations in relation to the host population, rodent and predator community and environment-related factors and whether these processes are translated into human infection incidence. We used 5-year rodent trapping and bank vole PUUV serology data collected from 30 sites located in 24 municipalities in Finland. We found that PUUV seroprevalence was negatively associated with the abundance of red foxes, but this process did not translate into human disease incidence, which showed no association with PUUV seroprevalence. The abundance of weasels, the proportion of juvenile bank voles in the host populations and rodent species diversity were negatively associated with the abundance index of PUUV-positive bank voles, which, in turn, showed a positive association with human disease incidence. Our results suggest certain predators, high proportion of young bank vole individuals and a diverse rodent community, may reduce PUUV risk for humans through their negative impacts on the abundance of infected bank voles.</span></p>
Supporting information from Prospective environmental risk screening of seven advanced materials based on production volumes and aquatic ecotoxicity
<p>Supporting information (Opne data) for the publication Prospective environmental risk screening of seven advanced materials based on production volumes and aquatic ecotoxicity</p>
Sexually-selected male weapon increases the risk of population extinction under environmental change: An experimental evidence
<p><span>Exaggerated sexually-selected traits, occurring more commonly in males, help individuals to increase reproductive success, but are costly to produce and maintain. These costs on the one hand may improve population fitness by intensifying selection against maladapted males, but on the other hand may increase the risk of extinction under environmental challenge. However, the impact of sexually selected traits on extinction risk have not been investigated experimentally. We used replicate populations of a male-dimorphic mite, <em>Rhizoglyphus robini</em>, to test if prevalence of a sexually-selected weapon affected the risk of extinction under gradual temperature increase (20C per generation). In two independent experiments that utilized either inbred lines or lines mass selected for or against the weapon to establish experimental replicate populations differing in the prevalence of the weapon, we found that populations with high weapon prevalence were more likely to go extinct. Extinctions occurred despite partial suppression of the weapon expression at increased temperature and were not explained by increased male mortality. Our results provide the first, to our knowledge, experimental evidence demonstrating dramatic effect of elaborated sexual traits on the risk of extinction under environmental challenge.</span></p>
Data from: Chiral pesticides selectively influence the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes: An overlooked environmental risk
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Code for individual-based simulations in "Environmental fluctuations can promote evolutionary rescue in high-extinction-risk scenarios"
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Data for: The impact of wildlife and environmental factors on hantavirus infection in host and its translation into human risk
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Environmentally associated variation in dispersal distance affects inbreeding risk in a stream salamander
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Data for: Spatial-temporal analysis of natural hazards and disasters in the Greater Horn of Africa between 2010 and 2024 to inform disaster risk reduction, and surveillance and control strategies for climate and environmentally sensitive diseases
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Data from: The effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour in a migratory songbird
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Sexually-selected male weapon increases the risk of population extinction under environmental change: An experimental evidence
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Data from: Combining spatial, genetic, and environmental risk data to define and prioritize in situ conservation units
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Data from: Resistance, tolerance and environmental transmission dynamics determine host extinction risk in a load-dependent amphibian disease
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Environmental and anthropogenic features in relation to human hunting and wolf predation risk
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Data from: Use of environmental sites by mule deer: a proxy for relative risk of chronic wasting disease exposure and transmission
Prions that cause chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids can remain infective for years outside the host. Infectious cervids shed prions for a long time, consequently depositing prions in frequently used areas. These environmental prions are important in CWD epidemiology. Unfortunately, effective tools for quantifying CWD prions in soil, water, and other environmental sources are not currently available. Our goal was to investigate relative differences in visits by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) to various environmental site types as an indicator of the relative risk of prion contamination and disease transmission. For this, we deployed a system of triggered-by-movement cameras at eight site types in a CWD-endemic area in Saskatchewan, Canada. We first assessed whether the relative differences among site types in the frequency of visits by mule deer of any sex-and-age class, males, and females varied by season and site type. We then assessed whether the rate of behaviors with a high risk of environmental prion transmission (either contamination or acquisition) differed by season and site type. Finally, we assessed whether the intensity of visitation, based on the number of animals per picture, differed by season and site type. We found that grain sources and beds were key attractants for mule deer: (1) The greatest number of pictures with mule deer per camera-day occurred at grain sources across all seasons, except in fawning, when beds were the most visited sites; (2) during pre-rut and early gestation, mule deer visited grain sources at least twice as often as most other sites; (3) females were more likely to visit beds and grain sources, but there was no significant site preferences for males after accounting for season; (4) mule deer were most likely to be pictured contacting the environment at grain sources in early gestation; and (5) beds and grain sources were the most intensively visited sites. We also found that environmental contacts at waterholes were more frequent during spring. We discuss the potential importance of various sites in the transmission of CWD and how their modification could potentially reduce the risk of prion environmental exposure among mule deer.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.