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44 results for “environmental stability”
Data from: Controls on niche stability in geologic time Congruent responses to biotic and abiotic environmental changes among Cincinnatian (Late Ordovician) marine invertebrates
The set of environmental conditions under which a taxon can survive and maintain viable populations, known as the ecological niche, is a fundamental determinant of a taxon's distribution. Because of the central importance of ecological niches, they have been assumed to remain relatively stable during intervals of morphological stasis. However, the assumption of niche stability has rarely been tested directly with fossil data spanning multiple temporal intervals. Thus, the conditions under which this assumption is likely to be accurate are not well understood. In this study, we use ecological niche modeling (ENM) to reconstruct the ecological niche for 11 genera of marine benthos (crinoids, trilobites, molluscs, bryozoans, and corals) from the Type Cincinnatian Series (Late Ordovician, Katian Stage) across nine temporal intervals spanning approximately three million years. This interval includes both abiotic environmental change (gradual sea-level fall) and biotic change (rapid pulses of the Richmondian Invasion), thus allowing the relative effect of different environmental perturbations to be constrained. A previous symmetrical analysis of niche stability of brachiopod species recovered an increase in niche evolution following the Richmondian Invasion. Herein we test the generality of the brachiopod pattern within the community. Niche stability was evaluated in geographic space, ecological space, and niche parameter space. Niche stability varied through time; during the Pre-Invasion interval, taxa exhibited niche stability during gradual shallowing of sea level in the basin, whereas niche evolution became more common during the Richmondian Invasion. Taxa adjusted to the increased competition by altering aspects of their niche. Notably, surviving taxa contracted their niche into a subset of their previous niche parameters. This represents an adaptive response to increased competition for resources with the newly established invader taxa, and it was employed most successfully by generalist taxa. Patterns of niche evolution were congruent between clades, among feeding styles, and across taxonomic levels.
Data for: Environmental filtering drives biodiversity‒spatial stability relationships in a large temperate forest region
<ol> <li>The assumption that greater biodiversity enhances ecosystem stability, commonly known as "portfolio effect", has attracted considerable research attention. However, the potential portfolio effects on spatial stability (the similarity of ecosystem functioning among forest communities) are still poorly examined especially at different spatial scales and under varying environmental stress conditions. Accordingly, this study investigates the biodiversity-spatial stability relationship among regional communities across different spatial scales and environmental conditions in a temperate forest region.</li> <li>We define spatial stability as the invariability of the productivity of woody plants among plots within a regional community. To test spatial stability, the N closest plots to a given plot were aggregated to form regional communities representing different spatial scales. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate how biodiversity (including taxonomic (TD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD)) increases spatial stability via species asynchrony and/or population stability across spatial scales. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling was used to evaluate the environmental dependence of the portfolio effects on spatial stability.</li> <li>TD and PD both increased spatial stability by increasing asynchrony, but decreased population stability. The portfolio effect of TD on spatial stability became stronger and reached saturation at the intermediate scale and then decreased as regional communities became larger. The portfolio effects of TD were weaker under the stressful conditions of drought, high precipitation seasonality and high elevation but unchanged across temperature seasonality and human disturbance. PD showed no discernable effect on spatial stability and did not change across spatial scale and environmental condition.</li> <li>Our results suggest that the positive effect of biodiversity on species asynchrony overcomes the negative biodiversity effect on population stability to buffer the spatial change in productivity in diverse communities. Future research on the biodiversity–spatial stability relationship may thus benefit from incorporating different spatial scales and environmental conditions into the analysis. </li> </ol>
Time-Lapse Incubation for Embryo Culture - Morphokinetics and Environmental Stability
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02657811. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 26.
Data for: Environmental filtering drives biodiversity‒spatial stability relationships in a large temperate forest region
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Data from: Effects of vicariant barriers, habitat stability, population isolation and environmental features on species divergence in the south-western Australian coastal reptile community
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Data from: Effects of environmental disturbance on phenotypic variation: an integrated assessment of canalization, developmental stability, modularity and allometry in lizard head shape
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Data from: Controls on niche stability in geologic time Congruent responses to biotic and abiotic environmental changes among Cincinnatian (Late Ordovician) marine invertebrates
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Data from: Ecological and environmental stability in offshore Southern California Marine Basins through the Holocene
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Data from: Environmental stability increases relative individual specialisation across populations of an aquatic top predator
The concept of the niche has long been a central pillar in ecological theory, with a traditional focus on quantifying niches at the species or population level. However, the importance of individual-level niche variation is increasingly being recognised, with a strong focus on individual specialisation. While examples illustrating the contribution of the individual niche to whole population niche structure are accumulating rapidly, surprisingly little is known about the conditions that shape the differences between these two potentially divergent components. Though theory predicts that stability should influence the extent of such intra-specific specialisation, we know of no previous study that has investigated its role in individual specialisation, and the differentiation between individual- and population niches. Here, we studied the diet of individuals from multiple populations of an aquatic top-predator, Salmo trutta, inhabiting contrasting stable, groundwater fed and unstable, surface water fed pre-alpine streams. Based on stomach content analysis, we found that individuals living in stable environments displayed a higher degree of specialisation than those in unstable environments, with the between-individual component of niche width being approximately twice as high in the former. We subsequently validated these results by evidence gained from stable isotope analysis of muscle tissue. As such, we reveal that environmental stability can significantly influence individual niches within populations, leading to increased specialisation.
Data from: Intraspecific variability in growth response to environmental fluctuations modulates the stabilizing effect of species diversity on forest growth
1.Differences between species in their response to environmental fluctuations cause asynchronized growth series, suggesting that species diversity may help communities buffer the effects of environmental fluctuations. However, within-species variability of responses may impact the stabilizing effect of growth asynchrony. 2.We used tree ring data to investigate the diversity-stability relationship and its underlying mechanisms within the temperate and boreal mixed woods of Eastern Canada. We worked at the individual tree level to take into account the intraspecific variability of responses to environmental fluctuations. 3.We found that species diversity stabilized growth in forest ecosystems. The asynchrony of species' response to climatic fluctuations and to insect outbreaks explained this effect. We also found that the intraspecific variability of responses to environmental fluctuations was high, making the stabilizing effect of diversity highly variable. 4.Synthesis. Our results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that the asynchrony of species' response to environmental fluctuations drives the stabilizing effect of diversity. The intraspecific variability of these responses modulates the stabilizing effect of species diversity. Interactions between individuals, variation in tree size and spatial heterogeneity of environmental conditions could play a critical role in the stabilizing effect of diversity.
Data from: Relation between stability and resilience determines the performance of early warning signals under different environmental drivers
Shifting patterns of temporal fluctuations have been found to signal critical transitions in a variety of systems, from ecological communities to human physiology. However, failure of these early warning signals in some systems calls for a better understanding of their limitations. In particular, little is known about the generality of early warning signals in different deteriorating environments. In this study, we characterized how multiple environmental drivers influence the dynamics of laboratory yeast populations, which was previously shown to display alternative stable states [Dai et al., Science, 2012]. We observed that both the coefficient of variation and autocorrelation increased before population collapse in two slowly deteriorating environments, one with a rising death rate and the other one with decreasing nutrient availability. We compared the performance of early warning signals across multiple environments as "indicators for loss of resilience." We find that the varying performance is determined by how a system responds to changes in a specific driver, which can be captured by a relation between stability (recovery rate) and resilience (size of the basin of attraction). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the positive correlation between stability and resilience, as the essential assumption of indicators based on critical slowing down, can break down in this system when multiple environmental drivers are changed simultaneously. Our results suggest that the stability–resilience relation needs to be better understood for the application of early warning signals in different scenarios.
Stability in subtropical forests: the role of tree-species diversity, stand structure, environmental and socio-economic conditions
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Tree species diversity can increase the stability of ecosystem productivity by increasing mean productivity and/or reducing the standard deviation in productivity. However, stand structure, environmental and socio-economic conditions influence plant diversity and may strongly influence the relationships between diversity and stability in natural forest communities. The relative importance of these factors on community stability remains poorly understood in complex (species-rich) subtropical forests.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Subtropical area of southern China.</p> <p><strong>Time period: </strong>1999-2014.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied:</strong> Forest trees.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted bivariate analyses to examine the mechanisms (overyielding and species asynchrony) underlying the effects of diversity on stability. Multiple regression models were then used to determine the relative importance of tree species diversity, stand structure, socio-economic factors and environmental conditions on stability. Structural equation modeling was used to disentangle how these variables directly and/or indirectly affect forest stability.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Tree species richness exerted a positive effect on stability through overyielding and species asynchrony and this effect was stronger in mountainous forests than that in hilly forests. Species richness positively affected the mean productivity whereas species asynchrony negatively affected the variability in productivity, and hence increased forest stability. Structural diversity also had a positive effect while population density had a negative effect on stability. Precipitation variability and slope mainly indirectly influenced stability through their effects on tree species richness.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Overall, tree species diversity governed stability; however stand structure, socio-economic and environmental conditions also played an important role in shaping stability in these forests. Our work highlights the importance of regulating stand structure and socio-economic factors in forest management and biodiversity conservation, to maintain and enhance their stability of providing the ecosystem services in the face of unprecedented anthropogenic activities and global climate change.</p>
Long term environmental stability drives reduced stress tolerance in salt lake invertebrates
<p>The capacity of species to tolerate physical stressors is critical in a world of increasing environmental instability, however, past selective environments should dramatically impact on future stress tolerance, particularly in isolated populations. Through stabilising selection, long-term environmental stasis may reduce physiological tolerance, creating an evolutionary legacy where populations are less fit if environments change. Few empirical studies have investigated this evolutionary legacy of past selection, and of particular interest whether stabilising selection in a benign environment reduces stress tolerance in natural systems. Here we use multiple populations of salt-lake invertebrates (<i>Coxiella striata, Austrochiltonia subtenuis</i>) with either stable or fluctuating environmental histories to investigate the relationship between stabilising selection and environmental stress resistance. Tolerance to both salinity and temperature stress were examined in invertebrate populations from lakes with long-term (decadal) stable environments and compared with populations from lakes with extreme salinity variations. Individuals from stable environments demonstrated significantly lower survival under both increasing salinity and temperature stresses when compared with environmentally unstable populations. Our results support the hypothesis that the evolutionary legacy from stabilising selection in constant environments leads to reduced stress tolerance. This finding demonstrates that under an increasingly variable climate, the evolutionary legacies of populations will be critical for future survival and adaptation.</p>
Data from: Environmental stability increases relative individual specialisation across populations of an aquatic top predator
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Data from: Intraspecific variability in growth response to environmental fluctuations modulates the stabilizing effect of species diversity on forest growth
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Data from: Relation between stability and resilience determines the performance of early warning signals under different environmental drivers
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Long term environmental stability drives reduced stress tolerance in salt lake invertebrates
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Data from: Postnatal dynamics of developmental stability and canalization of lizard head shape under different environmental conditions
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Stability in subtropical forests: the role of tree-species diversity, stand structure, environmental and socio-economic conditions
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Differential regulation of mRNA stability modulates transcriptional memory and facilitates environmental adaptation
GEO Series GSE201036. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 120 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.