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Fig. 10 in Late Cretaceous asioryctitherian eutherian mammals from Uzbekistan and phylogenetic analysis of Asioryctitheria

Fig. 10. Stereopairs of Bulaklestes kezbe Nessov, 1985; Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian). A. URBAC 98−141, left m1, in lingual (A1) and occlusal (A2) views. B. URBAC 03−94, m2 from left dentary with m2 and alveoli for p5, m1, and m3, in lingual (B1) and occlusal (B2) views. C. URBAC 04−170, erupting m3 from right dentary with erupting m3 and posterior alveolus for m2; occlusal. D. URBAC 04−163, left dentary with m2–3, m1 lacking most of the crown, and alveoli for p5, in lingual (D1) and occlusal (D2) views.

Fig. 1 in Late Cretaceous asioryctitherian eutherian mammals from Uzbekistan and phylogenetic analysis of Asioryctitheria

Fig. 1. Stereopairs of Daulestes kulbeckensis Trofimov and Nessov, 1979; Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian). A. URBAC 98−126, probably associated lingual and labial parts of a left M1 in, occlusal (A1), labial (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. URBAC 98−127, a right M2 lacking the metacone, in occlusal (B1), labial (B2), and anterior (B3) views.

Fig. 9 in Late Cretaceous asioryctitherian eutherian mammals from Uzbekistan and phylogenetic analysis of Asioryctitheria

Fig. 9. Stereopairs of Bulaklestes kezbe Nessov, 1985; Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian). A. URBAC 03−142, right dentary with p4 missing most of the crown, p5, m1, and alveoli for two−rooted c and p1–2 (p4–5, m1 shown), in occlusal (A1), labial (A2), and lingual (A3) views. B. URBAC 00−61, left dentary with i3?–4?, c, p1–2, 4, in occlusal (B1), labial (B2), and lingual (B3) views.

Fig. 5 in Late Cretaceous asioryctitherian eutherian mammals from Uzbekistan and phylogenetic analysis of Asioryctitheria

Fig. 5. Uchkudukodon nessovi (McKenna, Kielan−Jaworowska, and Meng, 2000); Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian). A. URBAC 04−221, skull fragment with right (reversed in A2 and A3) P5, M1–3, broken P2 and root for P4, in occlusal (A1, stereopair) and labial (A2, stereopair) views; A3, labeled labial drawing showing P4 fragment before loss during preparation. B. ZIN 79066, a skull with occluded dentaries of a sub−adult, type, only left anterior two−thirds of skull shown here, in occlusal (B1, stereopair, reversed) and labial (B2, stereopair) views; B3, labeled labial drawing.

Fig. 58 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 58. The skull and lower jaw of the erinaceid Parechinus aethiopicus CM 45275 in lateral view. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; as, alisphenoid; asc, alisphenoid canal; bs, basisphenoid; con, (mandibular) condyle; cor, coronoid process; ec, ectotympanic; ecpc, ectopterygoic process; egp, entoglenoid process; enpc, entopterygoid crest; fr, frontal; ip, interparietal; ju, jugal, ma, mandible; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pe, petrosal; pgf, postglenoid process; pgp, postglenoid process; pmx, premaxilla; sq, squamosal.

Fig. 57 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 57. The skull and lower jaw of the tenrecid Potamogale velox CM 40781 in right lateral view (reversed from the original). Dashed line is suture between frontal and parietal, which is drawn based on CM 16034. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; as, alisphenoid; asc, alisphenoid canal; bs, basisphenoid; con, (mandibular) condyle; cor, coronoid process; ec, ectotympanic; enpc, entopterygoid crest; fr, frontal; iof, infraorbital foramen; m3, lower third molar; ma, mandible; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pe, petrosal; pmx, premaxilla; sq, squamosal; ssf, subsquamosal foramen.

Fig. 54 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 54. The skull and lower jaw of the lagomorph Prolagus sardus, a Quaternary ochotonid, in right lateral view, redrawn from Dawson (1969: figs. 2, 3, 6). Parallel lines indicate the cut surfaces of zygoma. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; as, alisphenoid; con, (mandibular) condyle; cor, coronoid process; e?, ethmoid?; eam, external acoustic meatus; ec, ectotympanic; ecpc, ectopterygoid crest; enpc, entopterygoid crest; fr, frontal; iof, infraorbital foramen; ma, mandible; mal, masseteric line; mf, mental foramina; mx, maxilla; mxfe, maxillary fenestra; na, nasal; opf, optic foramen; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pe, petrosal; pmx, premaxilla; spf, sphenopalatine foramen; sq, squamosal.

Fig. 56 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 56. The skull of Asioryctes nemegtensis (A) and Kennalestes gobiensis (B) in ventral view, redrawn from KielanJaworwoska (1984c: fig. 1). Abbreviations: ec, ectotympanic; ecpc, ectopterygoid process; egp, entoglenoid process; enpc, entopterygoid process; gf, glenoid fossa; I4, upper fourth incisor; I5, upper fifth incisor; pf, piriform fenestra; pr, promontorium; ptc, posttympanic crest; tp, tympanic process of KielanJaworowska (1981).

Fig. 53 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 53. The skull and lower jaw of the leptictid Leptictis dakotensis in right lateral view, redrawn from Novacek (1986a: figs. 1, 10). Parallel lines indicate the cut surfaces of the zygoma. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; ap, anterior process of alisphenoid; as, alisphenoid; asc, alisphenoid canal; con, (mandibular) condyle; ecpc, ectopterygoid crest; en, entotympanic; enpc, entopterygoid crest; fdv, foramina for frontal diploic vein; fr, frontal; lact, lacrimal tubercle; ma, mandible; mx, maxilla; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; smf, suprameatal foramen; sq, squamosal; ssf, subsquamosal foramen.

Fig. 55 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 55. The skull and lower jaws of the rodent Cocomys lingchaensis, an early Eocene ctenodactyloid, in right lateral view. The skull is redrawn from Li et al. (1989: fig. 2), and the lower jaw is from CMVP 31369. Dashed lines represent broken surfaces. Abbreviations: as, alisphenoid; asc, alisphenoid canal; con, (mandibular) condyle; foa, foramen ovale accessories, fr, frontal; iof, infraorbital foramen; ip, interparietal; lac, lacrimal; M3, upper third molar; ma, mandible; maf, masseteric fossa; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; opf, optic foramen; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pe, petrosal; pgf, postglenoid foramen; pmx, premaxilla; sq, squamosal.

Fig. 39 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 39. Stereophotograph of the skull of cf. Zalambdalestes sp. PSSMAE 129 in ventral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are badly worn teeth. Abbreviations: con, (mandibular) condyle; i1can, canal (broken) for root of lower first incisor; I2, upper second incisor; M1, upper first molar; M2, upper second molar; M3, upper third molar; ma, mandible; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper fourth premolar; pe, petrosal.

Fig. 50 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 50. Relationships of Early Cretaceous Eomaia and outgroups. A. The strict consensus of 50 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the Ji et al. matrix of 268 dental and skeletal characters with all characters unordered (Ji et al., 2002: fig. 6a). B. The strict consensus of 116 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the matrix employed in panel A with our amendments to one character state for Zalambdalestes and one for Montanalestes. C. The strict consensus of three most equally parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the matrix employed in panel A with some multistate characters ordered (Ji et al., 2002: supplementary information).

Fig. 49 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 49. Relationships of Zalambdalestidae and outgroups. A. The strict consensus of 32 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the Archibald et al. matrix of 70 characters from the dentition, anterior skull, mandible, and petrosal among Cretaceous taxa (Archibald et al., 2001: fig. 3a). Zalambdalestidae (Kulbeckia, Zalambdalestes, and Barunlestes) and Zhelestidae (Paranyctoides,

Fig. 46 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 46. Relationships of ''zhelestids'' and outgroups. A. The strict consensus of four equally most parsimonoius trees produced by PAUP analysis of Nessov et al.'s matrix of 18 characters of the upper postcanine dentition among Late Cretaceous taxa plus Protungulatum donnae (Nessov et al., 1998: fig. 24B). Ungulatomorpha is the clade including the archaic ungulate P. donnae plus ''zhelestids'', with Aspanlestes aptap as the basalmost member. B. The strict consensus of 44 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the matrix employed in panel A with our amendments to three

Fig. 34 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 34. Stereophotographs of the basicranium of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 108 in ventral (A) and oblique (B) views. The latter shows the left ectotympanic bone with its fingerlike posterior crus and its laterally expanded anterior crus.

Fig. 33 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 33. Stereophotograph of the skull of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 108 in ventral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; at, atlas; C, upper canine; cf, carotid foramen; con, (mandibular) condyle; ec, ectotympanic; ecpc, ectopterygoid crest; egp, entoglenoid process; enpc, entopterygoid crest; fr, frontal; hf, hypoglossal foramina; I1, upper first incisor; I2, upper second incisor; i1, lower first incisor; inf, incisive foramen; jf, jugular foramen; ju, jugal; M1, upper first molar; ma, mandible; mx, maxilla; P1, upper first premolar; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper fourth premolar; pf/fo, piriform fenestra/ foramen ovale; pmx, premaxilla; ppr/ptp, paroccipital process/posttympanic process; pr, promontorium; tp, tympanic process of KielanJaworowska (1981).

Fig. 23 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 23. Stereophotograph of the skull of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 108 in left lateral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix. Abbreviations: an, (mandibular) angle; at, atlas; ax, axis; C, upper canine; c, lower canine; ec, ectotympanic; fr, frontal; I1, upper first incisor; I2, upper second incisor; i1, lower first incisor; i2, lower second incisor; iof, infraorbital foramen; ju, jugal; lact, lacrimal tubercle; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; P1, upper first premolar; P2, upper second pre

Fig. 21 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 21. Stereophotograph of the skull of cf. Zalambdalestes sp. PSSMAE 129 in dorsal view, with accompanying line drawing. Part of the endocranial surface of the petrosal is exposed. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are damaged surfaces. Abbreviations: fr, frontal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; pe, petrosal; pmx, premaxilla.

Fig. 20 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 20. Stereophotograph of the skull of Zalambdalestes lechei PSSMAE 135 in dorsal view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines are damaged surfaces. Abbreviations: fr, frontal; lac, lacrimal; lacf, lacrimal foramen; ma, mandible; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; nc, nuchal crest; pa, parietal; paf, parietal facet on frontal; pop, postorbital process; sc, sagittal crest; sq, squamosal; tl, temporal line; tlc, translacrimal canal.

Fig. 48 in New Data On The Skull And Dentition In The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes

Fig. 48. Relationships of the rodentiaform Tribosphenomys and outgroups. A. The strict consensus of 44 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the Meng and Wyss matrix of 82 characters of the dentition, cranium, and postcranium (Meng and Wyss, 2001: fig. 13) with all characters ordered or with some binary characters ordered as irreversibleup. B. The strict consensus of 20 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the matrix employed in panel A with some multistate characters ordered (Meng and Wyss, 2001: fig. 14). C. The strict consensus of 132 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP analysis of the matrix employed in panel A with our amendments to eleven character states for Zalambdalestes and ten for Barunlestes, and all characters ordered. D. The strict consensus of 132 equally most parsimonious trees produced by PAUP (2000) analysis of the matrix employed in panel C with some binary characters as ordered irreversibleup.