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Fig. 10 in The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae

Fig. 10 Juncorrhiza oxycarpi (holotype) on Juncus oxycarpus: a–b spores in the living host cells seen by light microscopy; c–d spores seen by light microscopy, median and superficial views; e–g spores seen by

Fig. 1 A in The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae

Fig. 1 A root galls and spores of Juncorrhiza casparyana associated with Juncus articulatus: a plant roots with galls (arrowed); b coiled hyphae (arrowed) and spores in root cells. Scale bar = 20 μm

Fig. 8 in The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae

Fig. 8 Juncorrhiza maritima (holotype) on Juncus ranarius: a–b spores in host cells seen by light microscopy; c–d spores seen by light microscopy, median and superficial views; e–h spores seen by scanning electron microscopy. Scale bars: e 30 μm, f 20 μm, a–d, g–h 10 μm

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

◂Fig. 3 Gynoecium of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A, B stack shot images; C–K light microscopy; G polarised light; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B Anthetic female flower, calyx and corolla partly removed. B LS of gynoecium. C LS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained peripheral tissue of corolla, anther and gynoecium). D LS of gynoecium. E, F TS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained, peripheral tissue). G TS of functionally female flower %note crystal deposition). H LS of ovule %note stalked embryo sac). J TS of functionally male flower with non-functional ovules. K LS of functionally male flower %style lacking, original position indicated by an asterisk) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; a,anther; bs, basal septum; c, calyx; car, carpel; co, corolla; db, dorsal bundles; es, embryo sac; fs, false septum; lb, lateral bundles; o, ovule; stg, stigma; sty, style; t, trichomes; tt, transmission tissue; ut, peripheral, strongly stained tissue; vb, ventral bundles; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations

◂Fig. 3 Gynoecium of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A, B stack shot images; C–K light microscopy; G polarised light; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B Anthetic female flower, calyx and corolla partly removed. B LS of gynoecium. C LS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained peripheral tissue of corolla, anther and gynoecium). D LS of gynoecium. E, F TS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained, peripheral tissue). G TS of functionally female flower %note crystal deposition). H LS of ovule %note stalked embryo sac). J TS of functionally male flower with non-functional ovules. K LS of functionally male flower %style lacking, original position indicated by an asterisk) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; a,anther; bs, basal septum; c, calyx; car, carpel; co, corolla; db, dorsal bundles; es, embryo sac; fs, false septum; lb, lateral bundles; o, ovule; stg, stigma; sty, style; t, trichomes; tt, transmission tissue; ut, peripheral, strongly stained tissue; vb, ventral bundles; vs, ventral slit)

Fig. 2 in The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae

Fig. 2 Collapsed chronogram for Basidiomycota and Entorrhizomycota evolution. The tree topology represents the consensus of trees inferred with BEAST from combined 18S + 28S + rpb1 domains B-C sequences from 83 Basidiomycota species, three Entorrhizomycota species and three Ascomycota species as outgroup. Alignment length = 3903. The age estimation mean is followed by the 95% highest density probability range in square brackets. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap values obtained from 1000 replicates (values ≥ 70), maximum support of 100 is encoded with bold lines. For full dataset, see Supplementary material (Fig. S1). Abbreviations: Ordo., Ordovician; Sil., Silurian; Carbon., Carboniferous; Paleo., Paleogene; N., Neogene

Figure 8 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 8. Posterior part of the braincase of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1333, in medial view. Part of the anterior edge of the jugular foramen has been reinforced with glue.

Figure 7 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 7. Right opisthotic of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1317. A, posterior view; B, anterior view. Sharp edges are drawn in solid lines, whereas impressions, convexities, and concavities of the bone are stippled.

Figure 6 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 6. Right prootic of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1314. A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Sharp edges are drawn in solid lines, whereas impressions, convexities, and concavities of the bone are stippled.

Figure 5 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 5. Braincase and otic region of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1322. A, occipital view. B, right side in ventral view.

Figure 4 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 4. The perilymphatic systems of Latimeria and tetrapods. Schematic figures of otic capsules oriented in such a way that the anterior is to the right and the lateral is upwards in the drawings. Modified from Lombard (1980) and Fritzsch (1992).

Figure 3 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 3. The inner ear of lissamphibians (not drawn to scale). A, Ascaphus truei, dorsal view, left side. B, Ascaphus truei, ventral view, right side. C, Hynobius nigricens, dorsal view, left side. D, Caecilia occidentalis, dorsal view, left side. From Lombard (1977).

Figure 2 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 2. The occiputs of extant and fossil lissamphibians (not drawn to scale). A, Conraua goliath (from Starck, 1979). B, unidentified pipid anuran from the Upper Cretaceous In Beceten locality (from Baez & Rage, 1998). C, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (from Carroll & Holmes, 1980). D, Hynobius naevius (from Carroll & Holmes, 1980). E, Hypogeophis rostratus (from Carroll & Currie, 1975). F, Eocaecilia micropodia (from Jenkins, Walsh & Carroll, 2007).

Figure 1 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 1. The otic region of Rana catesbeiana. A, right posterior part of the braincase, in ventral view. B, right side of the braincase, in posterior view (based on several specimens).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Dataset: Variation in leaf reflectance spectra across the California flora partitioned by evolutionary history, geographic origin, and deep time

<p>We collected leaf reflectance data from plants in a common garden where plants from across California are grown. We focused on 10 regions of the California Floristic Province represented at the Regional Parks Botanic Garden (RPBG). During the summer of 2020 and the early-fall of 2021, we visited RPBG with a back-pack spectroradiometer (ASD Fieldspec 4 and Fieldspec Pro) with an attached leaf clip and plant probe with its own light source (part number A122327). From each accessible plant we collected leaf-level reflectance spectra (380 to 2500 nm, 3 nm in the VNIR, 10 nm in the SWIR) from ~3 representative leaves). This dataset includes 631 region-by-species mean leaf-level reflectance spectra, both in raw reflectance as well as subjected to Continuum Removal. </p>

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Fig.3 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Fig.3 | Relativemeandispersalratesofbutterfliesbetweenbioregions. Numbersbesideeacharrowareaverageratesfrom 1,000 simulationsusing biogeographicstochasticmappingin BioGeoBEARS. Thesenumbersweredividedby 100 foreaseof comparison (rawvaluescanbefoundin Supplementary Data 5). E., Eastern;W., Western.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Fig. 1 | Evolutionaryrelationshipsanddiversificationpatternsofbutterflies. Time-calibratedtreeof 2,244 butterflyspeciesbasedon 391 loci and 150 amino acidpartitions.Branchesshowdistinctchangesindiversification (circles) asestimatedbyclade-specificmodels.Lettersatnodesrefertocladeswith significantrateshifts (seesection 6 of Supplementary Results).Colouredlines intheouterringbesidetipsindicateassociationwithoneof the 13 hostmodules (seesection 17 of Extended Online Methods).Blacklinesinthehostassociation ringindicatespecieswithoutdata,andasterisksdenotenon-monophyletic subfamilies.Supplementary Fig. 1 showsthistreewithvisiblespeciesnamesand agesforallnodes.