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126 results for “feelings”
The social function of the feeling and expression of guilt
<p>Humans are uniquely cooperative and form crucial short- and long-term social bonds between individuals that ultimately shape human societies. The need for such intense cooperation may have provided a particularly powerful selection pressure on the emotional and communicative behaviours regulating cooperative processes, such as guilt. Guilt is a social, other-oriented moral emotion that promotes relationship repair and pro-sociality. For example, people can be more lenient towards wrongdoers who display guilt than towards those who do not. Here, we examined the social consequences of guilt in a novel experimental setting with pairs of friends differing in relationship quality. Pairs of participants took part in a cooperative game with a mutual goal. We then induced guilt in one of the participants and informed the other participant of their partner's wrongdoing. We examined the outcome using a dictator game to see how they split a joint reward. We found that guilty people were motivated to repair wrongdoing regardless of friendship. Observing guilt in others led to a punishment effect and a victim of wrongdoing punished close friends who appeared guilty more so than acquaintances. We suggest, therefore, that guilt has a stronger function between close friends as the costs of relationship breakdown are greater. Relationship context, therefore, is crucial to the functional relevance of moral emotions.</p>
Figure 12 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 12. Midgut anatomy of Melanopsidae. A, Holandriana holandri (ZMB 106.145). B, Melanopsis praemorsa (ZMB 106.066). Scale bars: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 19 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 19. Midgut evolution of cerithioideans. Bayesian topology for the combined morphological plus molecular data sets (16S and 28S) (Strong et al., in press; figs 7b, 10). *Nodes shared with topology based on morphological characters alone; the grey arrow indicates a node (uniting Groups 2 and 3) that appears in the morphological phylogeny, with the exception of Scaliolidae. The optimization of 28 midgut characters is shown using ACCTRAN optimization. Characters in bold represent changes shared with the morphology topology. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes; white hashmarks indicate homoplasies. Partitioned Bremer support for other morphological characters (above) and for midgut characters (below) for nodes shared with the combined morphological plus molecular parsimony topology are indicated at the nodes on the left; posterior probabilities are indicated at the nodes on the right. Three main assemblages are numbered. White arrows indicate families resolved as non-monophyletic.
Figure 16 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 16. Midgut anatomy of Pleuroceridae (A) and Semisulcospiridae (B). A, Elimia virginica (USNM 1143353). B, Semisulcospira libertina (ZMB 102.184). Scale bars: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 3 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 3. Midgut anatomy of Batillariidae. A, Pyrazus ebeninus (USNM 828830). B, Velacumantus australis (USNM 1083383). Scale bars: 1 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 7 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 7. Midgut anatomy of Litiopidae. A, Alaba monile (USNM 858584). B, Alaba opiniosa (USNM 1084214). C, Litiopa melanostoma (USNM 1143355). D, Styliferina translucida (USNM 1084087). Scale bars: 0.5 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 8 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 8. Midgut anatomy of Modulidae. Modulus modulus (USNM 1143356). Scale bar: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 6 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 6. Midgut anatomy of Dialidae (A) and Diastomatidae (B). A, Diala sulcifera scobina (USNM 1083788). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. B, Diastoma melanioides (USNM 801614). Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 11 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 11. Midgut anatomy of Siliquariidae (A) and Turritellidae (B, C). A, Tenagodus squamatus (USNM 801714). B, Turritella communis (SMF). C, Maoricolpus roseus (ZMB 102.962). Scale bars: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 18 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 18. Midgut evolution of cerithioideans. Strict consensus of 122 equally parsimonious trees, tree length, L = 766 steps, consistency index, CI = 0.31, retention index, RI = 0.65, resulting from parsimony analysis of 151 morphological characters for 56 taxa (47 ingroup, nine outgroup taxa) (Strong et al., in press; fig. 4); six nodes collapse in the strict consensus. Optimization of 28 midgut characters is shown using ACCTRAN optimization. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes, white hashmarks indicate homoplasies. Jackknife values are indicated at the nodes on the right; Bremer support (above) and parititioned Bremer support for midgut characters (below) are indicated at the nodes on the left. Three main assemblages are numbered. White arrows indicate families resolved as non-monophyletic.
Figure 2 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 2. Midgut anatomy of Plesiotrochidae. Plesiotrochus unicinctus (USNM 1083784). Scale bar: 0.5 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 1 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 1. Generalized cerithioidean midgut anatomy; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 5 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 5. Midgut anatomy of Cerithiidae. A, Cerithium vulgatum (USNM 1143352). B, Cerithium nodulosum (ZMB 107.141). Scale bars: 1 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 10 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 10. Midgut anatomy of Potamididae. A, Cerithidea scalariformis (USNM 1143351). B, Telescopium telescopium (USNM 828804). C, Terebralia semistriata (USNM 1083479). Note that a small accessory pad is present, but is not visible in this view. D, Tympanotonus fuscatus (USNM 858078). Scale bars: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 4 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 4. Midgut anatomy of Cerithiidae. A, Cerithidium fuscum (USNM 1084217). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. B, Bittiolum varium (USNM 1143345). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. C, Bittium reticulatum (USNM 858185). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. D, Cacozeliana granaria (USNM 1083787). Scale bar: 1 mm. E, Ittibittium parcum (USNM 857100). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 14 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 14. Midgut anatomy of Pachychilidae. A, Tylomelania abendanoni (MNHN). B, Tylomelania palicolarum (MNHN). Scale bars: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 9 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 9. Midgut anatomy of Planaxidae. A, Fossarus ambiguus (USNM 857631). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. B, Planaxis sulcatus (USNM 1083482). Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 13 in More than a gut feeling: utility of midgut anatomy in phylogeny of the Cerithioidea (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)
Figure 13. Midgut anatomy of Pachychilidae. A, Brotia pagodula (ZMH 3891). B, Faunus ater (USNM 1143354). C, Pachychilus indiorum (AM C.324125). D, Potadoma cf. freethi (MRAC 796831). Scale bars: 1.0 mm; refer to the text for a list of anatomical abbreviations.
What Makes Exercise Feel More Difficult to Women With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00785005. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Distress Related to the Feeling of Loss of Dignity in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05248464. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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